DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Development of a Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Detecting Five Previously Unreported Papaya Viruses for Quarantine Purposes in Korea

  • Miah Bae (Region Specific Industries Fostering Division, Cheorwon Plasma Research Institute) ;
  • Mi-Ri Park (Region Specific Industries Fostering Division, Cheorwon Plasma Research Institute)
  • Received : 2024.09.04
  • Accepted : 2024.09.12
  • Published : 2024.09.30

Abstract

There are concerns about the introduction and spread of plant pests and pathogens with globalization and climate change. As commercial control agents have not been developed for plant viruses, it is important to prevent virus spread. In this study, we developed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection method to rapidly diagnose and control three DNA (papaya golden mosaic virus, Lindernia anagallis yellow vein virus, and melon chlorotic leaf curl virus) and two RNA (papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus and lettuce chlorosis virus) viruses that infect papaya. Specific primer sets were designed for the virus coat protein. Performing PCR, clear bands were observed with no non-specific reaction. Our multiplex PCR method can simultaneously detect small amounts of DNA/RNA to diagnose five viruses infecting papaya and prevent the spread of the virus.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry (IPET) through the Crop Viruses and Pests Response Industry Technology Development Program, funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affair (MAFRA) (grant number. 320044-3).

References

  1. Alabi, O. J., Al Rwahnih, M., Jifon, J. L., Setamou, M., Brown, J. K., Gregg, L. et al. 2017. A mixed infection of lettuce chlorosis virus, papaya ringspot virus, and tomato yellow leaf curl virus-IL detected in a Texas papaya orchard affected by a virus-like disease outbreak. Plant Dis. 101: 1094-1102.
  2. Bau, H.-J., Kung, Y.-J., Raja, J. A., Chan, S.-J., Chen, K.-C., Chen, Y.-K. et al. 2008. Potential threat of a new pathotype of papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus infecting transgenic papaya resistant to papaya ringspot virus. Phytopathology 98: 848-856.
  3. Biderman, C. and Zegras, C. 2021. Chasing the city that cannot stop: exploring transportation and urban co-development in Sao Paulo's history. J. Transp. Land. Use 14: 1075-1097.
  4. Bradley, C. A. and Altizer, S. 2007. Urbanization and the ecology of wildlife diseases. Trends Ecol. Evol. 22: 95-102.
  5. Diaz-Lara, A., Stevens, K., Klaassen, V., Golino, D. and Al Rwahnih, M. 2020. Comprehensive real-time RT-PCR assays for the detection of fifteen viruses infecting Prunus spp. Plants 9: 273.
  6. Dyussembayev, K., Sambasivam, P., Bar, I., Brownlie, J. C., Shiddiky, M. J. A. and Ford, R. 2021. Biosensor technologies for early detection and quantification of plant pathogens. Front. Chem. 9: 636245.
  7. Hohn, T. 2007. Plant virus transmission from the insect point of view. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 104: 17905-17906.
  8. Honore, M. N., Belmonte-Urena, L. J., Navarro-Velasco, A. and Camacho-Ferre, F. 2020. Effects of the size of papaya (Carica papaya L.) seedling with early determination of sex on the yield and the quality in a greenhouse cultivation in continental Europe. Sci. Hortic. 265: 109218.
  9. Ingwell, L. L., Eigenbrode, S. D. and Bosque-Perez, N. A. 2012. Plant viruses alter insect behavior to enhance their spread. Sci. Rep. 2: 578.
  10. Jeong, J.-J., Ju, H.-J. and Noh, J. 2014. A review of detection methods for the plant viruses. Res. Plant Dis. 20: 173-181.
  11. Jeong, U. S., Kim, S. and Chae, Y.-W. 2020. Analysis on the cultivation trends and main producing areas of subtropical crops in Korea. JKAIS 21: 524-535. (In Korean)
  12. Ji, S.-T., Youm, J.-W. and Yoo, J.-Y. 2018. A feasibility study on the cultivation of tropical fruit in Korea: focused on mango. JKAIS 19: 252-263. (In Korean)
  13. Kutnjak, D., Tamisier, L., Adams, I., Boonham, N., Candresse, T., Chiumenti, M. et al. 2021. A primer on the analysis of high-throughput sequencing data for detection of plant viruses. Microorganisms 9: 841.
  14. Lee, S., Huang, H. and Zelen, M. 2004. Early detection of disease and scheduling of screening examinations. Stat. Methods Med. Res. 13: 443-456.
  15. Liu, H. Y., Hopping, G. C., Vaidyanathan, U., Ronquillo, Y. C., Hoopes, P. C. and Moshirfar, M. 2019. Polymerase chain reaction and its application in the diagnosis of infectious keratitis. Med. Hypothesis Discov. Innov. Ophthalmol. 8: 152-155.
  16. Maciorowski, K. G., Herrera, P., Jones, F. T., Pillai, S. D. and Ricke, S. C. 2006. Cultural and immunological detection methods for Salmonella spp. in animal feeds - a review. Vet. Res. Commun. 30: 127-137.
  17. Mehetre, G. T., Leo, V. V., Singh, G., Sorokan, A., Maksimov, I., Yadav, M. K. et al. 2021. Current developments and challenges in plant viral diagnostics: a systematic review. Viruses 13: 412.
  18. Mo, C., Wu, Z., Xie, H., Zhang, S. and Li, H. 2020. Genetic diversity analysis of papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus isolates infecting transgenic papaya "Huanong No. 1" in South China. Ecol. Evol. 10: 11671-11683.
  19. Nesme, T., Metson, G. S. and Bennett, E. M. 2018. Global phosphorus flows through agricultural trade. Glob. Environ. Change 50: 133-141.
  20. Rinken, T. and Kivirand, K. 2018. Biosensing technologies for the detection of pathogens: a prospective way for rapid analysis. IntechOpen, London, UK.
  21. Rodrigue, J. P. 2007. Transportation and globalization. In: Encyclopedia of globalization, eds. by R. Robertson and J. A. Scholte. Routledge, London, UK.
  22. Rubio, L., Galipienso, L. and Ferriol, I. 2020. Detection of plant viruses and disease management: relevance of genetic diversity and evolution. Front. Plant Sci. 11: 1092.
  23. Sakamoto, S., Putalun, W., Vimolmangkang, S., Phoolcharoen, W., Shoyama, Y., Tanaka, H. et al. 2018. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantitative/qualitative analysis of plant secondary metabolites. J. Nat. Med. 72: 32-42.
  24. Santana, L. F., Inada, A. C., Espirito Santo, B. L. S. D., Filiu, W. F. O., Pott, A., Alves, F. M. et al. 2019. Nutraceutical potential of Carica papaya in metabolic syndrome. Nutrients 11: 1608.
  25. Santini, A., Liebhold, A., Migliorini, D. and Woodward, S. 2018. Tracing the role of human civilization in the globalization of plant pathogens. ISME J. 12: 647-652.
  26. Skendzic, S., Zovko, M., Zivkovic, I. P., Lesic, V. and Lemic, D. 2021. The impact of climate change on agricultural insect pests. Insects 12: 440.
  27. Spence, N., Hill, L. and Morris, J. 2020. How the global threat of pests and diseases impacts plants, people, and the planet. Plants People Planet 2: 5-13.
  28. Stammler, J., Oberneder, A., Kellermann, A. and Hadersdorfer, J. 2018. Detecting potato viruses using direct reverse transcription quantitative PCR (DiRT-qPCR) without RNA purification: an alternative to DAS-ELISA. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 152: 237-248.
  29. Tennant, P. F., Fermin, G. A. and Roye, M. E. 2007. Viruses infecting papaya (Carica papaya L.): etiology, pathogenesis, and molecular biology. Plant Viruses 1: 178-188.
  30. Touron, A., Berthe, T., Pawlak, B. and Petit, F. 2005. Detection of Salmonella in environmental water and sediment by a nested-multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. Res. Microbiol. 156: 541-553.
  31. Wang, S., Cui, W., Wu, X., Yuan, Q., Zhao, J., Zheng, H. et al. 2018. Suppression of nbe-miR166h-p5 attenuates leaf yellowing symptoms of potato virus X on Nicotiana benthamiana and reduces virus accumulation. Mol. Plant Pathol. 19: 2384-2396.
  32. Wu, T., Perrings, C., Kinzig, A., Collins, J. P., Minteer, B. A. and Daszak, P. 2017. Economic growth, urbanization, globalization, and the risks of emerging infectious diseases in China: a review. Ambio 46: 18-29.
  33. Ye, R., Zhu, C., Song, Y., Lu, Q., Ge, X., Yang, X. et al. 2016. Bioinspired synthesis of all-in-one organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers combined with a handheld pH meter for on-site detection of food pathogen. Small 12: 3094-3100.
  34. Zhang, S. B., Zhang, D. Y., Liu, Y., Luo, X. W., Liu, M. Y., Du, J. et al. 2017. First report of Lettuce chlorosis virus infecting tomato in China. Plant Dis. 101: 846.
  35. Zhao, Y., Wang, H., Zhang, P., Sun, C., Wang, X., Wang, X. et al. 2016. Rapid multiplex detection of 10 foodborne pathogens with an up-converting phosphor technology-based 10-channel lateral flow assay. Sci. Rep. 6: 21342.