• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.905-914
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• 2001

A large eddy simulation(LES) is performed for turbulent flow around a bluff body inside a sudden expansion cylinder chamber, a configuration which resembles a premixed gas turbine combustor. To promote turbulent mixing and to accommodate flame stability, a flame holder is installed inside the combustion chamber. The Smagorinsky model is employed and the calculated Reynolds number is 5,000 based on the bulk velocity and the diameter of the inlet pipe. The simulation code is constructed by using a general coordinate system based on the physical contravariant velocity components. The predicted turbulent statistics are evaluated by comparing them with the laser-doppler velocimetry (LDV) measurement data. The agreement of LES with the experimental data is shown to be satisfactory. Emphasis is placed on the time-dependent evolutions of turbulent vortical structure behind the flame holder. The numerical flow visualizations depict the behavior of large-scale vortices. The turbulent mixing process behind the flame holder is analyzed by visualizing the sectional views of vortical structure.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.309-321
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• 2020

This study aims to examine the effects of strategic management accounting on firm performance of finance businesses in Thailand. Strategic management accounting comprises of environmental scanning, competitor orientation and forward-looking information. In this study, 175 finance businesses in Thailand are the samples of the study. A mail survey procedure was used for data collection. The hierarchical multiple regression analysis is employed to test the research relationships. Firstly, environmental scanning positively affects operational excellence, organizational effectiveness and firm performance. Secondly, competitor orientation is positively related to managerial efficiency and organizational effectiveness. Thirdly, forward-looking information has a positive influence on operational excellence, managerial efficiency, organizational effectiveness, and firm performance. In addition, operational excellence, managerial efficiency and organizational effectiveness have positive impact on firm performance. Finally, to verify the mediating effects, operational excellence, managerial efficiency and organizational effectiveness are the mediators of the research relationships. This study confirms that all dimensions of strategic management accounting play a significant role in determining business outcome as being congruent with the theory of resource-based views of the firms. Executives of firms need to provide valuable resources and capabilities to support the strategic management accounting implementation in order to achieve good business outcome in highly competitive environments.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.141-144
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• 2016

The aim of this report is to present two cases of canalis basilaris medianus as identified on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the base of the skull. The CBCT data sets were sent for radiographic consultation. In both cases, multi-planar views revealed an osseous defect in the base of the skull in the clivus region, the sagittal view showed a unilateral, well-defined, non-corticated, track-like low-attenuation osseous defect in the clivus. The appearance of the defect was highly reminiscent of a fracture of the clivus. The borders of osseous defect were smooth, and no other radiographic signs suggestive of osteolytic destructive processes were noted. Based on the overall radiographic examination, a radiographic impression of canalis basilaris medianus was made. Canalis basilaris medianus is a rare anatomical variant and is generally observed on the clivus. Due to its potential association with meningitis, it should be recognized and reported to avoid potential complications.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.319-326
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• 2022

This report presents the case of a 5-year-old boy with a hard swelling on the right side of the mandible body. An important point of this case is that the primary imaging finding was fine spicules in the inferior border of the mandible on panoramic radiography without significant changes in bone density. Cone-beam computed tomography views revealed a lytic lesion on the lingual side of the right mandibular body with the destruction of the lingual cortex and periosteal reaction from the midline to the first molar area. Careful attention to this radiographic finding in the primary stage in the absence of other significant imaging findings, particularly in children, could result in the early diagnosis of desmoplastic fibroma. Therefore, a better prognosis can be expected following early surgical treatment.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.15 no.1 s.45
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• pp.29-40
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• 2006

This paper is focused on Damheonseo(湛軒書), an anthology written by Hong Daeyong, and I deal with Chinese Architectural views which he had experienced in his itinerary to Beijing, and the vivid pictures of Joseonkwan (called the Koryo or Joseon Embassy) located in Beijing at that time. He was a scholar of great erudition over astronomy, mathematics, military science, politics, and so on. He was interested in practical sciences at early time, and criticized secular scholars full of vanity who had presented purposeless articles. In his age of 35, Qianlong(乾隆) 30 (1764, Youngjo 41), he, a military escort, accompanied by Hong Uk, Joseon envoy and his uncle. Before his itinerary, he self-studied Chinese. Also, during a long journey he got new experiences and information around each area, deviating his group whenever he had some times. He could get more variant experiences than others because of his character full of curiosity, and his observations from the vivid lives of the time helped us get various views between Chinese and Korean architecture. Likewise, although he denounced Qing(淸) scathingly as a barbarian, he mentioned several points about the characteristics of Chinese architecture at that time. First of all, totally Chinese architecture had strong rational and practical points. Secondly, based on bountiful products, buildings along streets shown in Chinese city had sophisticated compositions, and luxurious and magnificent appearances. Thirdly, using the brick from walls to houses was so universal. Fourthly, the layouts of building with three- or four-closed courtyard had very orderly shapes, and the structure of street was also so arranged. Finally, because of stand-up lives, the scales and appearances of interior space were even more extended, and storages were less developed than those of Joseon. As another points, I found that Joseonkwan was moved next to Shushangguan(庶常館)from Huidongnanguan(會同南館) around Hanlimyuan(翰林院), and had been remodeled into a house with Korean custom in using the inner spaces, although it was followed by a closed courtyard style. Likewise, I recognized that Ondols were sure to be established in all temporary houses during the journey to Qing, and felt their strong traditional residential custom in such mentions. Now that the past pictures have disappeared and ways of life and our values have been largely changed, this study has very important meaning in comparing the ancient Chinese and Korean architecture.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2008

Purpose: It is important to determine the bucco-lingual inclination of implants on radiographs before the implant surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare the buccolingual inclination in alveolar bone and the tooth with dental cone beam CT and to prepare the standard for the buccolingual inclination of implant. Materials and Methods: Axial, panoramic, and buccolingually sectioned images of 80 implant cases with stent including straight marker using CB $Mercuray^{TM}$ (Hitachi, Japan) were evaluated. The comparison of the buccolingual inclination of remained alveolar bone with the tooth and the marker on butcolingually sectioned views was performed statistically. Results: The average buccolingual inclination of remained alveolar bone and tooth was $82.8{\pm}4.6^{\circ}\;and\;85.8{\pm}4.7^{\circ}$ (p<0.05, r=0.96) at the 1st molar area and $76.4{\pm}1.7^{\circ}\;and\;82.7{\pm}1.7^{\circ}$ respectively (p>0.05, r=0.12) at the 2nd premolar area in upper jaw. The average buccolingua1 inclination of remained alveolar bone and tooth was $81.3{\pm}8.3^{\circ}\;and\;87.5{\pm}6.3^{\circ}$ (p>0.05, r=0.85) at the lower 2nd premolar area and $94.3{\pm}6.6^{\circ}\;and\;93.3{\pm}7.2^{\circ}$ respectively (p>0.05, r=0.91) at the 1st molar area in lower jaw. The inclinations of markers were very different from those of remained bone at the most of areas except the upper 2nd premolar area (r=0.79). Conclusion: We recommend dental CBCT analysis for determining the buccolingual inclination of dental implant, because of significant difference, in average, between the bucco1ingual inclination of remained alveolar bone and tooth.

• Asian review of World Histories
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.197-216
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• 2014

This paper examines A. G. Frank's views about 15th-19th Korea (Joseon Dynasty) in his Reorient. A. G. Frank recognized that Korea might have played a great role in the international relations of East Asia, but he did not write systematically about it and he did not treat Korea as an independent player in the history of East Asia. I think the greatest limitation to his re-interpretation of East Asia is in that he depends too much on China's and Japan's perspective. In order to overcome Frank's shortcomings regarding the history of Korea, first I examine what Frank recognized about the Joseon dynasty between 1400 and 1800. Next I compare Joseon's development to that of China and Japan between 1400 and 1800. Frank compared Europe and East Asia (mainly China and Japan) from three aspects of quantities (population, production, productivity, and trade), qualities (science and technology), and mechanism (economic and financial institutions). With this research we insist that Joseon should not be dismissed in 15th-19th East Asia. The reasons are as follows. First, Joseon between 1400 and 1800 had developed economically as much as China and Japan. Second, Joseon had played a great role in connecting China and Japan and had a positive influence on the development of Japan. So we need to reappraise Reorient's view about East Asia. Only when role of Joseon can be correctly estimated, the dynamics and diversity of East Asia can be properly understood.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.129-139
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• 2005

The waterfront$(W{\cdot}F)$ region can be one of the most significant resources as to the characteristics of Busan region. The research aims to find the essential factors to read the region fitted to the best residential environment, figuring out the estimation of being satisfied with the residential environment. On the basis of the survey it could be revealed that what kind of value the region can have and what kinds of factors have to be emphasized on the region development. As a result the Waterfront residential region has more satisfying like sight views and residential environmental than the non-waterfront residential region, showing high quality of perceiving the future moving plan. Some positive opinions could be found in insisting to develop the waterfront region, but it should be kept continually to prevent senseless developments, to develop the region fitting the demand to the provision, to manage the region continually since, and to observe some conservation criteria in developing the region.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.119-122
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• 2002

Two cases of Eagle's syndrome are reported. The first case involved a 31-year-old man who complained of pain in his throat and pain at preauricular area on turning his head. Panoramic and computed tomography (CT) views showed bilateral stylohyoid ligament ossification. The symptoms were relieved after surgical removal. The second case involved a 56-year-old female whose chief complaints were a continuous dull pain and occasional 'shooting' pain on lower left molar area. During the physical examination, an ossified stylohyoid ligament was palpated at the left submandibular area. Panoramic and CT images showed prominent bilateral stylohyoid ligament ossification. CT scans also showed hypertrophy of left medial and lateral pterygoid muscles. The symptoms were relieved after medication. CT is a useful tool for the examination of ossified stylohyoid ligaments and studying the relationship between Eagle's syndrome and adjacent soft tissue.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.70-76
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• 2005

Seed, stem and sprout of F. tataricum were separately milled using the ultra fine mill under the same condition to investigate the effect of roasting or extruding on the particle size, microstructure and water solubility of dietary fiber. The mean particle size of MR (roasting) is increased in stem and sprout, and that of ME (extruding) is increased in seed, compared to that of control. The microscopic views of seed show that control has the spherical shape but ME the larger and irregular shape, and those of stem and sprout show that control has the needle like shape but ME more rounded shape. Water solubility index of ME is much higher than that of control or MR in seed, stem and sprout. It shows that seed, stem and sprout are damaged more in extruding than in roasting, and the starch and cell wall structure must be destroyed to change the water insoluble dietary fiber into the water soluble dietary fiber.