• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.13-20
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• 2016

Purpose - The purpose of this research is to discover whether the presence of the product average rating introduces biases or change the way people perceive information. We posit that review's overall rating has a predisposition effect on consumers' perception towards detailed review information. Research design, data, and methodology - To test these hypotheses, we conducted an empirical study on a real-world setting of online shopping platform. We choose the Amazon website to test our results. The data we use were collected by the Stanford Network Analysis Project1 (McAuley et al., 2013). Results - With a dataset containing reviews of seven product categories from amazon.com., our findings could possess more generalizability as they are produced on the typical and influential online market. Second, as our research provides alternative views of consumers' shopping behavior, it is better to test our hypotheses by data from the same source. Conclusions - Our study reveals the impact of the collective rating presence on consumers' diagnosticity perception and sheds light upon some of the conflictive results in prior studies. Our research generates implications to both theories and business practices, and suggests future directions for the research question.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.21-31
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• 2020

Environmental pollution and climate change in Vietnam are now becoming a major concern. This situation is increasing the pressure on the companies to improve their social responsibility in production and business activities and disclose the environmental information to meet the requirements of stakeholders. This study investigates the internal and external factors of the company that affects the environmental information disclosure of listed companies on the Vietnam stock market as business sector, firm size, corporate manager perceptions, profitability, financial leverage, community pressure, pressures from stakeholders, government pressure influencing environmental information disclosure. Analytical data collected through the survey of 120 listed companies on the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange (HOSE). By testing Cronbach's Alpha, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and logistic regression analysis, the results of the study show that the level of environmental information disclosure of listed companies on the stock market in Vietnam depends heavily on government regulations, followed by the pressure from stakeholders, community pressure, views of business managers, companies size, business sector, and particularly profitability and financial leverage factors that have a negative relationship with environmental information disclosure.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.313-322
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• 2021

This study aims to analyze the influence of religiosity, spiritual leadership, and work-life balance and its impact on innovative behavior through the mediating effect of employee engagement on the state-owned sharia bank of Central Java Province. The total sample of this study is 226 respondents taken from state-owned sharia bank in 6 Regencies/Cities in the former Karisedenan of Central Java. Samples are taken using a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique is using the division of regions based on clusters (cities) and is carried out using a purposive sampling method. The results indicate that the indirect influence of all independent variables on innovative behavior through the mediating effect of employee engagement is found to be significant. This study views employee engagement from the perspective of religiosity-based social exchange theory so that religious values in the interaction relationship can be fairly applied and respected by the employees of the state-owned sharia bank. Managers can socialize the importance of spirit behavior to employees so that it can be their everyday attitude and becomes their guide for work. Leaders can become role models in straightening intentions while working as well as conditioning the conscience to always think positively at work by strengthening work engagement in sharia banking institutions.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine understanding of the meaning of well-dying and types of such views held by medical practitioners and nursing students. Methods: The Q-methodology was used to analyze the subjectivity of each item. The P-sample was made up of 22 medical practitioners or nursing students. The P-sample was instructed to rate 33 statements using a 7-point scale to obtain forced normal distribution. They were asked to make extra comments on the statements that were placed on both ends of the distribution curve. The PC-QUANL Program was used for the factor analysis of the collected data. Results: The participants had three types of meaning of well-dying. Total variance explained by these types was 57.97%" where type 1 was "reality-oriented", type 2 "relationship-oriented" and type 3 "obeying-the-nature". Conclusion: The participants' subjective views on well-dying influences their medical practice on patients who are facing death. Therefore, medical practitioners should have profound insights concerning life and death. To that end, a training program is needed to help medical practitioners develop a proper view on well-dying by subjectivity type.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.401-414
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the elementary preservice teachers' conceptions about 'plastics' focusing on non-polar property from a National University of Education. For the study, the views about plastics, relative shapes of a water droplet on plastic or glass material, and relative shapes of water surface in the plastic or glass measuring cylinder were surveyed from the preservice teachers. And the responses were analyzed based on the patterns. The results from the study are as follows: First, most preservice teachers were well aware of the plastic products which are used in daily life. Second, the responses concerning the reason why plastics can be used commonly were divided into 2 categories with 14 sub-level groups. However relatively few preservice teachers mentioned regarding 'chemical stability' and 'conductivity', which are associated with the plastics' non-polar property. Third, it was found that 50 participants (30.1%) had 'Scientific conception (Sc)', 38 (22.9%) had 'Partial-scientific conception (Ps)', 66 (39.8%) had 'Misconception (Mc)', and 12 (7.2%) had 'No conception (Nc)' on the subject of the relative shapes of a water droplet. Fourth, the distribution patterns and the ratio of the preservice teachers' conception on the survey question 3 concerning the relative shapes of water surface were quite similar to those of the survey question 2. So it was concluded that overall understanding level of the preservice teachers was pretty low on the subjects of the relative polarities of the plastic, glass, and water as well as their interactions. Fifth, the distribution percentile of 'Sc'/'Ps'/'Mc'/'Nc' was not related with the gender but highly correlated with preservice teachers' academic field and their science subjects taken in high school. Based on the results from the study, some educational guidelines were suggested.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.485-494
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• 2020

The study aims to identify and measure factors affecting the salaries of employees in manufacturing enterprises in Hanoi, the important area of Vietnam's economy. We conducted a questionnaire consisting of 31 observation variables with a 5-point Likert scale. Independent variables were measured from 1 "without effect" to 5 "strongly". Based on the literature review and results of interviews, a total of 350 questionnaires were sent to participants; 300 of them met the standards and were subject to be analyzed. The results of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) identify six main determinants influencing the salaries of employees in manufacturing enterprises in Hanoi, including Paying views of business leaders (PV), Financial ability of the enterprise (FA), Capacity of workers (CW), Capacity of the contingent of employees engaged in salary work (CC), Role of grassroots trade unions (TU), and State policies and laws on labor - salaries (STL). Based on the findings, some recommendations have been proposed to help the firm leaders design appropriate personnel policies for creating better job satisfactions for employees in the future. On this basis, the authors propose a number of recommendations to improve the salaries of employees in manufacturing enterprises in Hanoi.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2000

Purpose : To evaluate the bone densities measured on copper-equivalent image of cross sectional view of mandibular edentulous premolar area obtained by multifuctional panoramic x-ray machine, PM 2002 CC with transversal slicing system. Materials and Methods: Panoramic cross sectional views with 8 mm focal layer of aluminum step and blocks, of hydroxyapatite (RA) step, 6 HA blocks and copper step wedge having 0.03 mm thickness of each step, and of 3 bone blocks cutted by 8 mm thickness mesiodistally and a dry mandible with copper step wedge were taken by using transversal slicing system in PM 2002 Cc. All reference-equivalent images were made and analyzed by NIH image program. Results: The average copper-equivalent value of cancellous bone of bone blocks on the panoramic cross sectional view was 0.026 ± 0.020 mm Cu. The calculated average bone density was 0.38g/cm². There was no significant difference (P>0.1) between the bone densities on intraoral digital view and on the panoramic digital cross sectional view. Conclusion: The copper-equivalent image of panoramic digital cross sectional view obtained by PM 2002 CC with very thin copper step wedge was supposed to be useful to measure the bone density of cancellous bone of mandible at the premolar edentulous area.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.43-56
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• 2016

The research aims to help merchant acquiring institutions gain a better insight on what merchant establishments in the Singapore market perceive of the costs they incur due to credit card acceptance. The research attempts to study the Singapore market and establish if increased credit card usage does increase costs for the merchant establishments that accept credit cards, this will help to acquire institutions in Singapore have a better understanding of merchant perceptions and what drives or deters credit card acceptance in the Singapore market. The survey was based on an interview of merchant establishments and the views of the merchants and was not based on their financial data. As a first step, the variables used in the survey were tested for interdependence using Chi-square tests; subsequently data reduction using factor analysis was performed and finally linear regression to establish a relation between dependent and independent variables. Merchant establishment believe accepting credit cards and increasing volume is costlier compared to another form of payment, but have mixed awareness about interchange fee. It also indicated that interchange fee and cardholder benefits are independent of the merchant establishments. The study only broadly attempts to gauge merchants view if increased credit card usage has increased costs for them.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.475-486
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• 2021

Religiosity is often perceived as a trait that can effectively suppress attitudes and behavior that lead to people evading taxes. However, this study finds that Islamic religiosity has a complicated relationship with tax evasion. This study employs a mixed-method, which involves collecting, analyzing, and integrating quantitative and qualitative research, and this integration provides a better understanding of the research problem. Qualitative analyses of the sermons of prominent Islamic clerics speaking on taxes on YouTube channels revealed different views. The textualists/conservative clerics viewed taxes are prohibited based on the fact of Islamic history and tax prohibition stated in a hadith. Furthermore, tax compliance is determined solely by the threat of punishment from the government. On the other hand, the moderate preachers seem to be more flexible in response to tax issues. They involve the framework of contextual and analogical-historical practice. Quantitative analyses from the survey found that Islamic religiosity is not directly correlated with tax evasion. However, the sentiment of Islamic law adoption by the state has significantly mediated the correlation between them. In addition, respondents who affiliate with moderate Islamic organizations tend to have less justification of tax evasion than those who affiliate with conservative organizations or movements.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.9-23
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• 2024

This study investigates the physiological and psychological effects of a nature-based outdoor activity program in an environment reflecting the characteristics of forest and coastal areas on 30 firefighters (average age: 40.4 ± 9.8 years) who are frequently exposed to dangerous situations. Blood pressure, pulse pressure, and heart rate variability were used as physiological measurement indicators, and the Korean versions of PANAS (positive affect and negative affect schedule), WEMWBS (Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale), and PRS (perceived restorativeness scale) were used as psychological measurement indicators. For four days and three nights, the participants experienced programs at Hallyeohaesang Nature Center and the surrounding mountains, seas, and islands, utilizing forest resources such as trekking on forest trails, walking barefoot, taking aromatic footbaths, meditating in forest oxygen domes, and lying on relaxation chairs, and programs utilizing marine resources such as taking a boat to an island, walking on forest trails with seascape views, and sailing on a yacht. Participants' systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure decreased, and participants' positive emotions increased and negative emotions decreased after the program. There was a statistically significant increase in mental well-being and perceived restorative environment. Through this study, it was found that nature-based outdoor activity programs based on forest and marine resources are effective in physiological and psychological stability of firefighters. It is hoped that the results of this study will be applied to other high-risk workers for PTSD, who have high stress levels, by combining forest healing and marine healing, and expanding the scope and diversity of programs in more diverse environments and conditions.