• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.349-362
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• 1995

As science programs emphasize an understanding of the nature of science, it is needed to assess students' views on a wide range of science-technology-society topics. The purpose of this study is to investigate the views of high school students about some selected topics of the epistemology of science. The selected topics include the meaning of science, scientific assumptions, values in science, conceptual inventions in science, scientific method, consensus making in science, and characteristics of the knowledge produced in science. Identified preconceptions in the study are as follows: Science was seen as improving the world(20%), and technology was defined as the application of science(35%). Almost half of the sample(49%) subscribed to a view consistent with a creationist posture and large group of students(46%) expressed a purely ontological view. Only minority of the students(5%) discounted the role played by private science values, but one half of the sample denied the fact that gender-related values can influence the knowledge that scientist construct(53%). Only a small potion of the sample(5%) held a view contrasting to contemporary epistemology of science, but the majority(67%) expressed a simplistic hierarchical relationship in which hypotheses become theories and theories become laws. One third of the students(33%) held a preconception that the scientific method composed of questioning, hypothesizing, collecting data, and concluding. Students did not appreciate the role of consensus making in science(33%). An out-dated epistemic perspective describes the progress of science as simply an accumulation of knowledge(4%). In general, it was concluded that most high school students did not hold efficient understanding on the nature of science. It can be said that no adequate and consistent instruction took place to provide students with an authentic view of the nature of science.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.108-119
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• 2002

This paper as the basic study aiming the establishment of nursing theory according to Korean culture, is made to reveal the types of recognition about concepts of health immanent in Korean who have the health view, completely mixed with traditional oriental medicine and Confucianism and Buddhism and Shamanism and european scientific medicine, etc. This paper is using the Q-method, which is greatly effective in measuring the individual subjectivity, to collect rightly the concepts of health of objects. This analysis shows us the 4 types of recognition about concepts of health immanent in Korean as follows. Type Ⅰ: modern self-searching type(現代的 自己 追求型), Type Ⅱ: nature-sharing type(自然 共有型), Type Ⅲ: meaning-intentional altruism(意味 指向的 他者 中心型), Type Ⅳ: oriental adaptational type(東洋的 順應型). The men belonging to type Ⅰ have positive and self-searching view of health. They are not only interpreting the concept of health scientifically, but also positively accepting the oriental concept of health. The men belonging to type Ⅱ have strong tendency of down-to-earth. They not only have the naturalistic view of health as Taoist, but also carry the weight in the family and neighbour and regard co-sharing as excellent virtue. The men belonging to type Ⅲ are positive altruists, pursuing the meaning of life and at the same time setting the importance to the good value system. Naturally they care more the family and neighbour than themselves. The men belonging to type Ⅳ have oriental view of the world characterized by nature-adaptation. They positively agree to the Shamanism, Buddhism, Confucianism and Oriental concept of health. In conclusion, in all types we can see that Korean understand the harmony of man and nature as fundamental principle of heath and carry the more importance to the mind(心) than body(身) and at the same time esteem more the family-centric, oriental and organic community than individual. All above facts is immersed in the concepts of health of Korean as a common denominator.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제30권
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• pp.73-95
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper look at the basis of the cultural differences of Korea and Japan by comparing the view about the death. Firstly, in terms of language to express the death, Korea can be summarized 'doragada (go back) Japan can be summarized sayonara(goodbye). Koreans' view about the death is that life and death are not separated and death is the start of another life not the end of existence through 'doragada' Japanese accept death as the order of the universe and the order of nature with resignation. At this time resignation means that Japanese accept the sad feeling to sublimate aesthetically while mourning the death Secondly The view about the death of Sunbee in the Joseon era and Japanese Samurai who were the traditional ideal figures is compared. The Sunbee dies from a justification and the Samurai die from the honor on the other hand. Unconditionally, the sunbee was not loyal to an individual but they thought significantly of the fidelity about the joint value. Unlike this, Japanese Samurai laid stress on the loyalty toward their lord and sacrifice. They selected the death conclusively when this fidelity was suspected. Thirdly the view about the death of Korea and Japan is summarized to the aesthetics of the survival and the aesthetics of the death. Korean saw the death negatively and regard exceedingly the extension of life, they preceded to survive in all kinds of difficulties. On the contrary, Japanese see it positively. They beautified the death and sublimated with the aesthetics. they pursue the nature of the life through the death. Finally, the basic difference of the korean and Japanese culture originate from the view about the death that is, the difference of the values about the life and death.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제27호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2001

There is so much difference in the way we perceive nature whether from eastern or western, present or past standpoint. however, awareness of coexistence between human beings and nature along with the concept that the most natural is th e most beautiful remain unchanged. The desire to describe the beauty of nature have existed all through the ages, but the (new) naturalism movement was spawned in our time when so much devastation and side effects took place for the expediency of nature, and field of display has been trying new interpretation of nature with direct or applied method. Naturalism trend is studied using the categories such as relationship between human and nature, space concept in western and eastern society, and the definition of view of nature in modern time. Elements of naturalism display are classified into the element of physical properties and element beyond the physical properties, and then methodology on naturalism display is investigated, using the illustration of display examples, in order to know the most essential elements of display, which are the physical properties such as space, light, object, glass, are expressed based on the elemental concept like nature, an accident, dynamic state, variability. As mentioned above, Naturalism display consists of physical properties and phenomenon. How to ive strong impression to a spectator depends on the ability to create effective space applying these elements. The significance of this study comes to surface in a time when the tremendous emphasis is put on the importance of nature and concerns about the role of display has become even greater.

• 철학연구
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• 제131권
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• pp.331-352
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• 2014

이 글은 홉스의 <인간론>와 <시민론>을 중심으로 그의 인간관과 국가관을 기존의 많은 견해와 달리 해석해볼만한 가능성을 모색한다. 홉스의 인간관과 국가관에 대한 기존의 견해는 인간의 본성은 이기적이므로 자연상태에서는 만인에 대한 만인의 투쟁이 있을 뿐이라는 것이다. 인간의 이런 이기적 성향을 억제하기 위해 각 개인은 상호간의 계약을 통해 국가를 수립하여, 자신을 국가권력(통치권/주권)에 절대적으로 복종시킴으로써 자기를 보존한다는 것이다. 이런 입장에서는 국가가 개인에 대해 절대적 우위를 차지하며 개인의 자유와 자율성을 억압하는 것으로 보일 수도 있다. 이와 달리 이 논문은 모든 인간의 본성이 이기적인 것이 아니라 이기적인 인간도 있다는 것을 밝힌다. 국가가 각 개인을 억압하는 것이 아니라 국가권력을 통해 이기적인 인간의 공격성을 통제함으로써 개인의 안전과 평화에 대한 '희망'을 제공하는 기능을 갖는다고 파악한다. 따라서 개인은 이 희망을 보장받지 못한다면, 국가권력에 복종할 필요나 의무가 상실된다. 오히려 희망을 보장받지 못하면 국가권력은 국가권력이 아니라 적의 무력일 뿐이므로 자연법에 따라 다시 전쟁상태로 환원되어 적과 전쟁할 수도 있다고 본다. 여기서 홉스가 국가를 '사멸적 신'이라고 한 의미를 파악할 수 있다.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.197-227
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• 2005

Heojun was the top scientist on Medicine in the 16th and 17th centuries and wrote the Dongeubogam describing the top-level medical theory and technology. So far, his outlook on nature has been disregarded even though his medicine is still effective. Through this study, I would like to know if his outlook on nature as well as his medicine is still effective. The conclusions are as follows: 1. According to his output, the origin of the universe started from the spinning of One Gi(一氣) which is quite different from Hawking's theory. Hawking assumed that the origin of the universe started from the Big-bang and will end to the Big-crunch. However, the current report on the origin of a star is quite similar to Heojun's theory and we acknowledge that his view on the origin of the universe is still effective. 2. According to his output, the universe repeats expanding and contracting forever while Hawking assumed it will come to the end, the Big-crunch, based on the expanding universe theory. Some scientists assists that Hawking's assumption should have some contradictions. Now, we acknowledge that Heojun's universal cycling theory which corresponds with modern physical theories is still effective, which would lead to a new environmental movement. 3. His view on the structure of the universe is quite different from the output of the current science, which results from his thought that the nature should be reviewed from the point of human's view. His view on the structure will be able to be updated based on the output of the current science. 4. The universe analogy started from the East Asian area as well as the Greek and Roman area in the ancient. The idea has disappeared since the scientific revolution era in the West while the idea has been deepened and abundant in the East and has become one of the major philosophical bases. Heojun emphasized its importance from the beginning of his book. 5. The nation analogy has been popular all times and places. According to his output, governing a country is like controlling one's body. 6. According to Needham's output, the universe analogy and the nation analogy were based on the ancient developed alchemy. And Harper assumed that Taiosm was based on the macrobiotic hygiene which was developed by the ancient developed alchemists. We acknowledge that xian(仙) cult, macrobiotic hygiene, medicine, alchemy and the ancient philosophy started from our ancients. Heojun's output restored our ancient tradition by combining the macrobiotic hygiene and philosophy with medicine. 7. Roughly predicting yearly weather would be unacceptable by the current scientist but Heojun's yearly weather forecast is still used in the clinic and seems effective to prepare from any epidemic disease. 8. 'Day and Night' and Four seasons are the most important factors to the macrobiotic hygiene according to the Dongeubogam. The new environmental movements should be based on the most important factors, otherwise the human beings as well as the environment would fail to survive. 9. Wind, Coldness, Heat, Humidity, Dryness and Fire represents weather. The six weather factors represent one of six phases of a year which is decided by the areal factors. Heojun preferred the six factors generated in the body itself to them from the outside. He thought a human being was a universe and the six factors generated in the body responded to the factors of the outside. 10. According to his output, Heat and Humidity are the most important factors which make a human being ill. 11. Life span, disease, food, and dwelling are dependent upon the geographical feature, according to Heojun's output. In addition, one's appearance and his five viscera and the six entrails depend on the food as well as the geographical feature. 12. Heath is related with the environment and they effects upon each other. If one is weak, he will be deeply effected by the nature. On the other hand, if one is strong, he will effect on the nature. That's why people live together. 13. According to Heojun's work, the society is an important factor comprising the environment. During a peaceful era, the society becomes stable and human beings are stable as well while they will be on fire during a chaotic era. 14. Medicine deals with human beings who live in the nature, so any medical book cannot be excellent unless it has any description on the nature. Heojun's outlook on the nature turned out to be logical and suitable even from the point of the current view and it is still effective as if his clinical knowledge and technology are still effective. Something unsuitable may be substituted with the output of the current science.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제35호
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• pp.35-73
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• 2009

이 논문은 18세기 초부터 30여 년 간 계속된 호락논쟁과 주자학의 폐쇄적이고 차별적인 사상적 특징과의 상관관계를 밝히는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 조선 초기 주자학이 새로운 사회의 사상적 배경이 된 때로부터 호락논쟁이 본격화되기까지의 시기에 '인과 물의 관계'를 다룬 철리 산문들을 살펴보았다. 이들 철리산문들에는 점진적이고 주목할 만한 변화가 있다. 이들 철리산문에 드러난 '인과 물을 바라보는 관점'으로는, 인간이 만물 가운데 가장 빼어난 존재라는 인간 중심주의 관점과 물의 중요성을 인식하고 인간이 물을 아껴야 한다고 생각하지만, 주체인 인간이 물에 자비를 베푸는 존재로 보는 관점이 있다. 다음으로, 모든 존재가 주체이며 만물이 근원적으로 평등하다는 관점과 인간이 물보다 못하며 물이 주체가 되어 인간을 꾸짖거나 깨우치는 내용을 드러내는 관점이 있다. 이들 철리산문을 살펴보면 인과 물을 바라보는 관점과 글쓴이의 학문을 대하는 태도 사이에 어떤 상관 관계가 있었다. 즉 '인간이 만물 가운데 가장 빼어난 존재다.' 라는 관점을 지닌 학자들은 인간을 유일한 존재로 보듯 주자학만이 유일한 학문이라고 여겼다. 반대로 인과 물을 근원적으로 평등하게 바라보는 학자들은 주자학이 아닌 다른 학문에 대해서도 열린 마음으로 대함을 알 수 있었다. 이를 통해, 인성과 물성에 관한 논쟁이 18세기에 이르러 극대화된 까닭은 주자학의 폐쇄적이고 차별적인 성격을 타파하기 위한 진통임을 알 수 있었다. 그렇게 해서 이루어진 인성론 혁신과 실학에서 제기한 사회 개혁론이 근대 사상의 자생적 모색에서 서로 호응하는 긴요한 구실을 했다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.121-133
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• 1996

This study investigates the effect of instructional program using Nott & Wellington's" your nature of science profile" to facilitate the understanding about the nature of science for elementary preservice teachers. To do this. this study used posttest only control group design. The students in control group studied the topic by instructional program using textbook and reference book. Experimental group studied by instructional program: (1)evaluating personally one's understanding of the nature of science using Nott and Wellington's "your nature of science profile"; (2)studying the way of understanding the nature of science focusing five dimensions presented in it; (3)knowing other's understanding the nature of science; (4)discussing and evaluating reflectively the various aspect about it. Because the true understanding about the nature of science is not only to know about the method of science but also to know the target of science. We planned to evaluate the effect of instruction by such dichotomous way as evaluating simultaneously the understanding about the method of science and the target of science. Therefore the Questionnaire to evaluate the effect of instruction consisted two pairs of open-ended Questions: first pair is consisted of questions for the representation and judgement of scientific theory, second pair is consisted of questions for components and sources of scientific manipulation of the structure of science. The results of questionnaires by experimental group(n=75) and control group(n=77) are as follows: (1) Analysing responses about first pair of questions in dichotomous way, we identified four different patterns in students' understanding about scientific theory. And the instructional program using Nott & Wellington's "your nature of science profile" is not significantly effective in the distribution of patterns of understanding about scientific theory, but effective in driving out scientifically valid understanding, naturalistic realism, about scientific theory from the students having realistic aspect in representation of scientific theory; (2) Analysing responses about second pair of questions in dichotomous way, we identified five different patterns in students's understanding about structure of science. And the instructional program using Nott & Wellington's "your nature of science profile" is significantly effective in the distribution of patterns of understanding about structure of science, and effective in driving out scientifically valid understanding, dualistic-circular view or dualistic-circular view, about structure of science from the students having dualistic or dualistic aspect in components of structure of science.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.25-42
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• 1996

During the last two and a half decades, philosophical interest in the aesthetics of nature and environment has been gained momentum. One of the most coherent theories in this arena of debate has been developed over a series of articles by Allen Carlson. The purpose of this paper is to examine Carlson's theory critically and suggest an alternative aspect that remains untouched by his model. Briefly stated, Carlson's view of the appreciation of nature is that it is a matter of under standing nature under suitable scientific categories. His argument, based on the objectivist epistemology, is basically a disjunctive syllogism : a) The concept of appreciation, derived from traditional disinterestedness and Stolnitz's aesthetic attitude, provides an insight into the explanation of aesthetic appreciation of nature, and is objectivistic in the light of its object-oriented character. b) Nature must be appreciated as nature itself, and the natural environmental model is the appropriate loci of our nature appreciation. c) The paradigmatic form of our nature appreciation is order appreciation. d) There can be a correct and objective aesthetic judgment of nature, and the sources of guiding categories pertinent to it is natural science and natural history. In regarding nature as an environment and as natural, his natural environmental model is meaningful. Nevertheless, his stance results in some serious problems : a) The natural environmental model excludes certain very common appreciative responses to nature-responses of a less intellective, more visceral sort. Therefore, the arousal model with appropriate emotions might be one of our characteristic forms of nature appreciation. b) Even if we consider the scientific knowledge as an objective source of our nature appreciation, this gives rise to the question of whether the natural science can be objective or not. Is there an objectivist aesthetic appreciation of nature\ Does aesthetic appreciation of nature need to be science-based\

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.243-251
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between elementary school teachers' points of view about the organization of the science curriculum and their views on the nature of science (NOS). We surveyed 132 elementary school teachers' view points about these two kinds of views, analyzed the data by their variables, and compared the two viewpoints with their personal details. The elementary school teachers thought the science curriculum should be emphasized through the process more than contents. They thought the contents of the science curriculum should be integrated rather than separated. As teachers' career progressed, they focused on the contents more than the process. On the other hands, because elementary school teachers showed the NOS views as relativism, deductivism, decontextualism, content, and instrumentalism, when we plotted sub-viewpoints of NOS in process-content dimension, we thought it would be similar distributions with point of views on the organization of science curriculum. However, there was no meaningful relation. This showed that teachers' views on the organization of the curriculum and the NOS are totally different. These findings suggest further research is needed to find how factors influence elementary school teachers' views on the organization of the science curriculum and what inclinations can occur in science classes with their different views.