• 대한수의학회지
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.16.1-16.9
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• 2024

Autologous pericardial tissues are utilized in veterinary cardiovascular surgeries due to their accessibility and effectiveness. To enhance handling and biomechanical properties, glutaraldehyde (GA) fixation is applied. However, GA fixation can induce calcification, leading to tissue failure. This study aimed to establish an optimal rapid anti-calcification protocol by integrating ethanol treatment with the proven effective GA concentration and fixation time, facilitating application from collection to utilization. Pericardia were fixed with 0.625% GA for 20 min and subjected to ethanol treatment for 0 (group A, control), 20 (group B), and 30 minutes (group C). The treated tissues underwent mechanical test and were implanted subcutaneously in 3-week-old male rats for 7 weeks before extraction, followed by calcium analysis and histological examination via hematoxylin and eosin staining. No significant differences in mechanical properties were observed among the groups. The ethanol-treated groups (groups B and C; p < 0.05) exhibited significantly lower calcium levels than control (group A). Microscopy confirmed collagen and elastic fibers preservation, without significant immune cell variance. However, higher fibrocyte presence was noted in the ethanol-treated groups. This study presents a rapid anti-calcification protocol combining ethanol treatment with optimal GA fixation, suitable for direct surgical use of autologous tissues. Further research is necessary for long-term efficacy evaluation.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.6.1-6.12
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• 2020

Currently, the optimal resuscitation fluid remains debatable. Therefore, in the present study, we designed a trometamol-balanced solution (TBS) for use as a resuscitation fluid for hemorrhagic shock. Hemorrhagic shock was induced in 18 male Wistar-Kyoto rats, which were assigned to normal saline (NS), Ringer's solution (RS), and TBS groups. During the hemorrhagic state, their hemodynamic parameters were recorded using an Abbott i-STAT analyzer with the CG4+ cartridge (for pH, pressure of carbon dioxide, pressure of oxygen, total carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, base excess, oxygen saturation, and lactate), the CG6+ cartridge (for sodium, potassium, chloride, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, hematocrit, and hemoglobin), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (calcium, magnesium, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, bilirubin, and albumin). Similar trends were found for the parameters of biochemistries, electrolytes, and blood gas, and they revealed no significant changes after blood withdrawal-induced hemorrhagic shock. However, the TBS group showed more effective ability to correct metabolic acidosis than the NS and RS groups. TBS was a feasible and safe resuscitation solution in this study and may be an alternative to NS and RS for resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock patients without liver damage.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.60-62
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• 2018

A 5-month-old, intact female pointer weighing 13 kg was referred for diagnosis and treatment of bilateral thoracic limb hyperflexion without trauma. After physical and radiographic examination, carpal laxity syndrome was diagnosed. A modified Robert-Jones bandage was applied and cage rest, including general puppy food, was prescribed for 3 weeks. The patient acquired normal gait with weight bearing, with non-remarkable findings on radiographic examination. The modified Robert-Jones bandage was sufficient to treat carpal laxity syndrome in this case.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.39.1-39.5
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• 2022

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a rare congenital cardiovascular anomaly in cats. Due to their small body, intercostal thoracotomy is the most common option to close the PDA. However, few reports detail the surgical technique for ligating PDA in kittens. In this case report, three cats weighing 1.4 kg, 1.2 kg, and 2.9 kg were diagnosed PDA. Clip ligation via left fourth intercostal thoracotomy was performed and the cats were successfully treated. Postoperative echocardiography showed no residual flow in any of the cases. This case report highlights clip occlusion for small cats with PDA could be safe and effective.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.112-115
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• 2019

An 11-month-old, 5.6 kg, grade 4 on a 5-point scale body condition score, castrated male Korean short hair cat was presented with right hindlimb lameness for 3 days without trauma. On physical examination, severe pain with crepitation was elicited at the hip region but not at the stifle. Radiographic examination and computed tomography revealed a Salter-Harris type 1 fracture of the femoral capital physis and dysplasia of the proximal tibial epiphysis. Spontaneous femoral capital physeal fracture was suspected and femoral head and neck osteotomy was performed. Treatment for proximal tibial dysplasia was not performed. On histopathologic examination of femoral head, a cluster of chondrocytes in a proliferative zone at the epiphyseal plate was observed. Therefore, spontaneous femoral capital physeal fracture was diagnosed. The patient recovered his gait, and no related clinical signs were observed during 6 months of follow-up.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.133-137
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• 2016

Changes in the cardiovascular and bispectral index score were evaluated in dogs subjected to constant rate infusion (CRI) with alfaxalone. Fifteen dogs were assigned to three groups of 5. Groups and doses of alfaxalone were as follows: group 1, 3 mg/kg for induction and 6 mg/kg/h for CRI; group 2, 3 mg/kg for induction and 8 mg/kg/h for CRI; and group 3, 3 mg/kg for induction and 10 mg/kg/h for CRI. CRI was maintained for 1 h. Respiratory rates and blood pressures showed minimal changes; however, mild tachycardia and mild hypoxemia occurred, especially in group 3. There were some disparities between bispectral index score, electromyography and pedal withdrawal reflex test when measuring anesthetic depth. Additional premedications and/or analgesic agents would be helpful to avoid adverse effects of alfaxalone and provide improved cardiopulmonary functions.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.6.1-6.6
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• 2021

Opuntia ficus-indica has traditionally been used in prevention and treatment of various diseases such as diabetes mellitus. The current study was performed to determine whether Opuntia ficus-indica is associated with diabetes. Diabetic rat models were induced with streptozotocin (STZ). This study divided rats into 1 day (short-term) and 4 consecutive weeks (long-terms) of daily administration. These groups were subdivided into four groups each other for assessment of blood glucose level as follows: Group 1, untreated rats given distilled water; Group 2, untreated rats given Opuntia ficus-indica; Group 3, STZ-induced diabetic rats given distilled water; Group 4, STZ-induced diabetic rats given Opuntia ficus-indica. Blood glucose level was measured for one day and four weeks. In addition, serum markers of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), cholesterol, and creatinine were determined, and total protein triglycerides were measured at four weeks. Blood glucose level was highest in both groups (Group 3 and Group 4) at 30 minutes and two weeks and gradually decreased in a time-dependent manner. The difference in blood glucose among the four groups was significant (p < 0.05). Additionally, the levels of ALT, AST and triglycerides were significantly decreased by Opuntia ficus-indica.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2011

Cardiovascular changes caused by $CO_2$ pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy (LOVH) were measured in nine healthy mixed breed dogs ($16.7{\pm}4.6kg$). The dogs were premedicated with the combination of atropine, acepromazine, and butorphanol. General anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Controlled ventilation maintained partial pressure of end-tidal $CO_2$ between 35-45 mmHg. The $CO_2$ pneumoperitoneum was maintained at a constant pressure of 12 mmHg and the dog was placed in the $15^{\circ}$ Trendelenburg position as LOVH was performed. Dorsal pedal artery was catheterized for measurements of heart rate (HR) and invasive arterial blood pressure (IBP). Prior to the intraperitoneal insufflation, baseline measurements of HR and IBP were made every minute for a total of 10 min. Then, measurements of HR and IBP were made every 5 min following intraperitoneal insufflation and were also made every 5 min following desufflation for a total of 10 min. The $CO_2$ pneumoperitoneum during LOVH resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) increase in systolic arterial blood pressure at the time of the onset of insufflation. In addition, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure increased significantly (P < 0.05) at the time of the onset of insufflation and 5 min following insufflation. The mean heart rate did not change significantly during LOVH. Although IBP showed sharp initial rise following the $CO_2$ pneumoperitoneum, the changes were within physiological acceptable limits in these healthy, ventilated dogs.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2016

The anesthetic depth and cardiovascular effect of alfaxalone constant rate infusion in dogs premedicated with xylazine or acepromazine were evaluated. Ten dogs were randomly allocated into 2 groups. In group AA, dogs were premedicated with 0.02 mg/kg of intravenous acepromazine at 15 min before induction. In group XA 1.1 mg/kg of intravenous xylazine was premedicated at 5 min before induction. The anesthesia was maintained with 6 mg/kg/hr of alfaxalone after induction with 2 mg/kg alfaxalone in both groups. In both of groups, the qualities of induction were satisfactory without any adverse event, but adequate analgesia could not be provided, according to the withdrawal test. $PaO_2$ and $SaO_2$ implied a slight hypoxemia state in XA group, while those values of group AA were not significantly changed. The acepromazine and alfaxalone combination induce mild tachycardia. The bispectral index score were significantly decreased in group XA, compared with that in group AA. The premedication of xylazine before alfaxalone constant rate infusion in this study could provide adequate analgesia during 30 min, while the premedication with acepromazine could not.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제53권8호
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• pp.499-518
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• 2023

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, and hypertension, are the global leading causes of death, accounting for more than 30% of deaths worldwide. Although the risk factors of CVDs have been well understood and various treatment and preventive measures have been established, the mortality rate and the financial burden of CVDs are expected to grow exponentially over time due to the changes in lifestyles and increasing life expectancies of the present generation. Recent advancements in metagenomics and metabolomics analysis have identified gut microbiome and its associated metabolites as potential risk factors for CVDs, suggesting the possibility of developing more effective novel therapeutic strategies against CVD. In addition, increasing evidence has demonstrated the alterations in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and the imbalance of microbial-dependent metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids and trimethylamine N-oxide, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CVD. However, the exact mechanism of action remains undefined to this day. In this review, we focus on the compositional changes in the gut microbiome and its related metabolites in various CVDs. Moreover, the potential treatment and preventive strategies targeting the gut microbiome and its metabolites are discussed.