• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.427-434
• /
• 2010

Correlation is a technique used to measure the strength or the degree of closeness of the linear association between two quantitative variables. Common misuses of this technique are highlighted. Linear regression is a technique used to identify a relationship between two continuous variables in mathematical equations, which could be used for comparison or estimation purposes. Specifically, regression analysis can provide answers for questions such as how much does one variable change for a given change in the other, how accurately can the value of one variable be predicted from the knowledge of the other. Regression does not give any indication of how good the association is while correlation provides a measure of how well a least-squares regression line fits the given set of data. The better the correlation, the closer the data points are to the regression line. In this tutorial article, the process of obtaining a linear regression relationship for a given set of bivariate data was described. The least square method to obtain the line which minimizes the total error between the data points and the regression line was employed and illustrated. The coefficient of determination, the ratio of the explained variation of the values of the independent variable to total variation, was described. Finally, the process of calculating confidence and prediction interval was reviewed and demonstrated.

• 대한수의사회지
• /
• 제48권9호
• /
• pp.540-543
• /
• 2012

Livestock excretes are frequently used in organic farming to produce vegetables and crops. However, zoonotic parasite eggs can be contaminated into such products and people can be infected with parasites of animal origin. Sporadic zoonotic infections with Ascaris suum have been reported even in developed countries, such as North America, Denmark, and the United Kingdom. Ascaris eggs are resistant to most adverse environmental conditions, and pigs and humans become infected by ingestion of fecally excreted eggs through contaminated food, water, or soil. This article discusses the resistant nature of ascarid eggs against harsh environment, and conditions of kimchi to be safe from consuming viable A. suum eggs.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.100-102
• /
• 2002

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widely used for treatment of animals. Their use is limited by frequent side effects commonly involving the gastrointestinal tract, most important of which is development of ulcerating lesions principally In the stomach. Unfortunately, presence of such lesions is often unsuspected because clinical signs may be overlooked until a complication develops. A 5-year-old, female mongrel dog was referred to Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Chungbuk National University. She was showed vomiting, anorexia and lethargy after administration of ibuprofen (400 mg/body, qid, oral) for 5 days. General examination and plain radiography were performed in the patient. Physical examination, hematologic values, chemical profiles, urinalysis and radiographs were normal. Therefore, endoscopic examination was performed in this patient and confirmed to show the gastric ulcer in pyloric region of the stomach. Drug therapy was performed successfully in this case. This article reports the development of a gastric ulcer associated with orthopedic disease treated by ibuprofen.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.183-189
• /
• 1997

This article reports a spontaneous thoracic teratoma in a laying hen (Deklb brown warren). In this case, a 40 days old hen was submitted for necropsy as part of an investigation into a flock problem suspected Marek's disease to Chonbuk Veterinary Service Laboratory in 1983. On the gross finding, mass was In the cranial subpulmonary cavity and attached to the vertebral column. It contained fully developed contour feathers. Histologically, feathers were arised from feather follicles complete with arrector plumi muscle, nerve, vessel and mucous gland composed with simple tall columnar epithelium. The outer surface of mass was lined by keratinized or nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. It converted to pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium in some area. There were lymphocyte infiltration around gland tissue and eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in nonkeratinized epithelium. This thoracic teratoma was composed of ectodermal origin, squamous epithelium and nerve, and endodermal origin, mucous gland. This case in laying hen has never been reported in the literature in the world.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.45-55
• /
• 2002

This article review the animals physical therapy. It is so called veterinary physical therapy. The animals physical therapist is working to physical therapy for animals in veterinary clinical field. The veterinary medicine has not veterinary rehabilitation medicine or physical therapy for animals, also physical therapy field in Korea. So, This research will explain about animals physical therapy of Korea and other countries' by journals and internet information and suggest the future of the animals physical therapist. Finally, The veterinary physical therapy is not used to veterinary clinical field in now. But, The veterinary physical therapy will desire to the view of medical serve and economy by the host of animals and clinical veterinarian the future. Animal physical therapy is a new and rapidly developing field of health care for animals. The benefits of physical therapy have long been recognized in humans. More recently, work in the veterinary field has shown the same benefits of physical therapy to be true for animal patients. Performing orthopaedic or neurological surgery, or fitting a human patient with a cast or splint, and then discharging the patient is an outdated approach. In such cases, physical therapy is clearly warranted. Similarly, recent research has shown that post-surgical rehabilitation and therapy after injuries significantly improves the functional outcomes for animals. Physical Therapy is a healthcare profession directed at evaluating, restoring and maintaining physical function and movement. Working with the owner, veterinarian and often other healthcare professionals, a physiotherapist helps your animal to achieve and maintain optimal health and well-being. Equipped with a specialized university Bacheloriate education and intensively educated in Anatomy, Physiology, Biomechanics, Histology, Neurology, and Pathology, PT's are able to assess, diagnose and treat movement and function. Physical Therapy, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation are recognized sciences applied to both humans and animals. The goals of physiotherapy are to relieve pain, restore range of motion/movement, improve function, prevent injuries and expand the physical potential of the patient. Once in the field, physical therapists actively continue their education to keep up to date on the latest treatments and technologies. Via continuing education courses, physiotherapists can learn how to apply their unique and specialized knowledge to other animal species.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.295-304
• /
• 2006

Residual materials such as veterinary drugs, environmental contaminants, and pesticides are affecting food safety. High resolution techniques and quality controls are needed to analyze these materials from part per million to part per trillion quantities in food. In order to achieve quality results, standardized methods and techniques are required. Our laboratories were prepared to obtain a certificate of accreditation for ISO/IEC 17025 in the analytical criteria of animal drugs, dioxins, pesticides, and heavy metals. ISO together with IEC has built a strategic partnership with the World Trade Organization with the common goal of promoting a free and fair global trading system. ISO collaborates with the United Nations Organization and its specialized agencies and commissions, particularly those involved in the harmonization of regulations and public policies including the World Health Organization and CODEX Alimentarius for food safety measurement, management and traceability. Our goal was to have high quality analysts, proper analytical methods, good laboratory facilities, and safety systems within guidelines of ISO/IEC 17025. All staff members took requirement exams. We applied proficiency tests in the analysis of veterinary drugs (nitrofuran metabolites, sulfonamide and tetracyclines), dioxins, organophosphorus pesticides, and heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As) to the Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme (FAPAS) at Central Science Laboratory, Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), England. The results were very satisfactory. All documents were prepared, including system management, laboratory management, standard operational procedures for testing, reporting, and more. The criteria encompassed the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025:1999. Finally, the Korea Laboratory Accreditation Scheme (KOLAS) accredited our testing laboratories in accordance with the provisions of Article 23 of the National Standards Act. The accreditation will give us the benefit of becoming a regional reference laboratory in Asia.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제53권6호
• /
• pp.405-408
• /
• 2020

In epidemiology, the basic reproduction number (R₀) is a term that describes the expected number of infections generated by 1 case in a susceptible population. At the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, R₀ was frequently referenced by the public health community and the wider public. However, this metric is often misused or misinterpreted. Moreover, the complexity of the process of estimating R₀ has caused difficulties for a substantial number of researchers. In this article, in order to increase the accessibility of this concept, we address several misconceptions related to the threshold characteristics of R₀ and the effective reproduction number (R_t). Moreover, the appropriate interpretation of the metrics is discussed. R₀ should be considered as a population-averaged value that pools the contact structure according to a stochastic transmission process. Furthermore, it is necessary to understand the unavoidable time lag for R_t due to the incubation period of the disease.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.56-61
• /
• 2015

The object of this study was to find out the immunomodulatory effects of Ginger Aqueous extracts, as compared with that of ${\beta}$-glucan well-known an immune modulator, on the cyclophosphamide (CPA) induced immunosuppress mice. To induce immunosuppress, 150 and 110 mg/kg of CPA were dissolved in saline and injected intraperitoneally at 3 or 1 day before start of test article administration, respectively. ${\beta}$-glucan or gingers (125, 250, 500 mg/kg) were dosed, 4 times at 12-hr intervals starting 24hrs after last CPA-treatment. Distilled water was used as a vehicle and each groups were used 10 mice. As results of twice intraperitoneal CPA treatment, decreases in the body weight and gain, weight of thymus, spleen. However these CPA-induced immunosuppress changes were inhibited by treatment of three different dosages of ginger or ${\beta}$-glucan as compared with CPA control. Similar favorable inhibitory activities on weight and histopathological change of spleen and thymus induced CPA treatment were detected between ${\beta}$-glucan and ginger 250 mg/kg treated groups.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.221-227
• /
• 2013

Embryonic stem (ES) cells have potential for use in evaluation of developmental toxicity because they are generated in large numbers and differentiate into three germ layers following formation of embryoid bodies (EBs). In earlier study, embryonic stem cell test (EST) was established for assessment of the embryotoxic potential of compounds. Using EBs indicating the onset of differentiation of mouse ES cells, many toxicologists have refined the developmental toxicity of a variety of compounds. However, due to some limitation of the EST method resulting from species-specific differences between humans and mouse, it is an incomplete approach. In this regard, we examined the effects of several developmental toxic chemicals on formation of EBs using human ES cells. Although human ES cells are fastidious in culture and differentiation, we concluded that the relevancy of our experimental method is more accurate than that of EST using mouse ES cells. These types of studies could extend our understanding of how human ES cells could be used for monitoring developmental toxicity and its relevance in relation to its differentiation progress. In addition, this concept will be used as a model system for screening for developmental toxicity of various chemicals. This article might update new information about the usage of embryonic stem cells in the context of their possible ability in the toxicological fields.

• 정보관리연구
• /
• 제43권2호
• /
• pp.43-66
• /
• 2012

이 연구는 저자프로파일링 기법을 활용하여 국내 수의과학 분야의 지적 구조에 대한 계량적인 접근을 시도하였다. 계량적인 접근은 인용 데이터를 기본으로 수의과학 분야의 국내 3개 주요 학술지를 선정하고, 선정된 학술지에 수록된 740편의 논문 가운데 주요 저자 50인의 논문을 대상으로 분석하였다. 분석결과 분석 대상 50인의 저자는 주제적 연관성에 따라 4개의 상위 클러스터와 11개의 하위 클러스터를 형성하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구에서는 주제분야별 지적 구조의 시각화를 위하여 다차원척도법을 이용하여 지도를 생성하였으며, 각 클러스터별로 선정된 저자의 논문 제목, 초록 및 키워드를 이용하여 4개 상위 클러스터 및 11개 하위 클러스터의 주제를 판정하였다. 또한 각 주제분야 클러스터별로 저작 활동이 활발한 연구자를 선정하고 연구자의 관심 주제 분야를 표현하였다. 이 연구를 통하여 수의과학 분야의 주제별 연구자간의 네트워크와 최근 연구 동향 파악이 가능하였다.