• 한국가구학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2010

This study was carried out to identify the differences of some macro and microanatomical features between Eunsasi poplar (Populus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee) and Konara oak (Quercus serrata Thunb.). Anatomical features such as vessel and fiber diameter, cross sectional area of ray parenchyma and endwall pit aperture diameter in ray parenchyma were compared. Differences of anatomical features between two species were found statistically significant. Earlywood vessel diameter in poplar and oak increased from pith to bark while it was found almost stable in latewood. Fiber diameter in poplar was higher than oak fiber. Ray area and the pit aperture diameter in endwall of ray parenchyma were found higher in oak than those in poplar.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.46-53
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• 1995

The anatomy of Korean diffuse-porous woods, 36 families, 75 genera, 145 species, 215 specimens was described and analyzed. Sixteen wood anatomical characters, habit and phenology factors were determined by simple correlation and principal component analysis. Strong positive correlations were found between vessel element length and fiber length, ray width and ray height, simple pits of fiber wall and paratracheal parenchyma distribution. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) disclose the primitive characteristics and the direction of xylem evolution of Korean diffuse-porous woods. The xylem evolution scenario for Korean dicotyledonous woods is considered to be developed in the direction of decreasing trends of vessel frequency, vessel element length, and length/diameter(L/D) ratio of vessel element but increasing trends of vessel diameter, fiber length/vessel element length(F/V) ratio, libriform wood fibers, simple perforation, and homogeneous ray composition. Increase of vessel diameter and decrease of vessel frequency seem to be related to the improvement of conductive efficiency, and increase of the vessel element length and occurrence of scalariform perforation in vessel element may be related to enhanced of conductive safety. Also the libriform wood fibers and ray features appear to have relationship with mechanical support and nutrient metabolism, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1996

The frequency distribution diagrams of Korean diffuse-porous woods, 36 families, 75 genera, 145 species, 215 specimens in relation to habit and phenology were analyzed. As the habit character changes from shrub to tree, such quantitative features as vessel frequency, percentage of solitary vessels, length/diameter(L/D) ratio of vessel element decreased but tangential vessel diameter, fiber length/vessel element length(F/V) ratio increased. Qualitative features such as helical vessel wall thickening, diffuse distribution of longitudinal parenchyma, heterogeneous ray composition decreased, while alternate intervessel pits, libriform wood fiber, simple perforations increase. As the phenology character changes from evergreen to deciduous species, such quantitative features as percentage of solitary vessels, vessel element length and L/D ratio decreased but tangential vessel diameter, F/V ratio increased. Diffuse distribution of longitudinal parenchyma, heterogeneous ray composition, and crystals in qualitative features decreased, while alternate intervessel pits, libriform wood fiber, simple perforation of vessel element, ray width and ray height increased.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2010

Morphological characteristics of hemp fiber were investigated using a light microscope in order to provide fundamental data for the use of hemp as a papermaking law material. Phloem of hemp is composed of cortical parenchyma cells and bast fiber with thick walls while xylem is composed of vessel, wood fiber and ray parenchyma cells. Also there are solitary pore and radial pore multiple which exist in diffuse porous pattern. Ray cells consist of uniseriate rays and thin walled ray parenchyma cells. Wood fibers are composed of three types: a large diameter fiber with longer length; a large diameter fiber with shorter length; a small diameter fiber with medium length. Vessel elements are composed of: a medium length one; a longer length one; the one whose both end walls have ligules or tails. Parenchyma cells in xylem and pit parenchyma cells have completely different size and shape. For bast fiber, the average length is about 4.4 mm and the width is about $30.5\;{\mu}m$; for vessel element, $600.0\;{\mu}m$ in length and $493.6\;{\mu}m$ in width; for wood fiber, $1000\;{\mu}m$ and $38.9\;{\mu}m$; for parenchyma cell, $50\;{\mu}m$ and $26.4\;{\mu}m$.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2015

A study was carried out to observe the 1% aqueous safranine solution flow speed in longitudinal and radial directions of softwood G. biloba, ring-porous wood A. altissima, and diffuse- porouswood D. kaki. In radial direction, ray cells and in longitudinal direction tracheids, vessel and wood fiber were considered for the measurement of liquid penetration speed at less than 12% moisture contents (MC). The length, lumen diameter, pit diameter, end wall pit diameter and the numbers of end wall pits determined for the flow rate. The liquid flow in the those cells was captured via video and the capillary flow rate in the ones were measured. Vessel in hardwood species and tracheids in softwood was found to facilitate prime role in longitudinal penetration. Radial flow speed was found highest in ray parenchyma of G. biloba. Anatomical features like the length and diameter, end-wall pit numbers of ray parenchyma were found also responsible fluid flow differences. On the other hand, vessel and fiber structure affected the longitudinal flow of liquids. Therefore, the average liquid penetration depth in longitudinal tracheids of G. biloba was found the highest among all cells considered in D. kaki and A. altissima.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

A study was carried out to observe the 1% aqueous safranine solution flow speed in longitudinal and radial directions of softwood Metasequoia glyptostroboides, diffuse-porous wood Anthocephalus cadamba and ring-porouswood Fraxinus rhynchophylla. In radial direction, ray cells and in longitudinal direction, tracheids, vessel and wood fiber were considered for the measurement of liquid penetration speed at less than 12% moisture contents (MC). The length, lumen diameter, pit diameter, end wall pit diameter and the numbers of end wall pits determined for the flow rate. The liquid flow in the those cells was captured via video and the capillary flow rate in the ones were measured. Vessel in hardwood species and tracheids in softwood was found to facilitate prime role in longitudinal penetration. Anatomical features like the length and diameter, end-wall pit numbers of ray parenchyma were found also responsible fluid flow differences. On the other hand, vessel and fiber structure affected the longitudinal flow of liquids. Therefore, the average liquid penetration depth in longitudinal tracheids of Metasequoia glyptostroboides was found the highest among all cells considered in Anthocephalus cadamba and Fraxinus rhynchophylla In radial direction, ray parenchyma of Metasequoia glyptostroboides was found the highest depth and the one of Fraxinus rhynchophylla was the lowest. The solution was penetrated lowest depth in the wood fiber of Fraxinus rhynchophylla. The large vessel of Fraxinus rhynchophylla was found the lowest depth among the vessels. The solutin was penetrated to the wood fiber of Anthocephalus cadamba higher than the one of Fraxinus rhynchophylla.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.88-93
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• 2017

A study was carried out to observe the 1% aqueous safranine solution flow speed in longitudinal and radial directions of softwood Larix kaempferi (Lamb.)Carriere, diffuse-porous wood Betula davurica Pall.. and ring-porouswood Castanea crenata S.etZ. In radial direction, ray cells and in longitudinal direction, tracheids, vessel and wood fiber were considered for the measurement of liquid penetration speed at less than 12% moisture contents (MC). The length, lumen diameter, pit diameter, end wall pit diameter and the numbers of end wall pits determined for the flow rate. The liquid flow in the those cells was captured via video and the capillary flow rate in the ones were measured. Vessel in hardwood species and tracheids in softwood was found to facilitate prime role in longitudinal penetration. Anatomical features like the length and diameter, end-wall pit numbers of ray parenchyma were found also responsible fluid flow differences. On the other hand, vessel and fiber structure affected the longitudinal flow of liquids. Therefore, the average liquid penetration depth in longitudinal tracheids of Larix kaempferi was found the highest among all cells considered in Betula davurica and Castanea crenata, In radial direction, ray parenchyma of Larix kaempferi was found the highest depth and the one of Betula davurica was the lowest. The solution was penetrated lowest depth in the wood fiber of Castanea crenata. The large vessel of Castanea crenata was found the lowest depth among the vessels. The solutin was penetrated to the wood fiber of Betula davurica higher than the one of Castanea crenata.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.9-20
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• 1985

물오리나무와 사방오리나무의 뿌리 줄기 및 가지에 있어서 목부요소의 크기의 변이에 관해서 연구하였다. 도관요소의 직경은 뿌리에서 가장 넓고 그 다음은 줄기이며 가지에서 가장 좁다. 그런데 도관요소의 길이는 줄기에서 가장 길고 다음은 뿌리이며 가지에서 가장 짧은 것으로 밝혀졌다. 섬유의 직경 및 길이는 뿌리에서 가장 넓고 길며 그 다음은 줄기 가지의 순이다. 각 기관의 일정위치에서 중심부로부터 연륜이 증가함에 따라 목부요소의 크기는 뚜렷하게 증가되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.295-301
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• 2016

본 연구는 4개 종자산지(Yugoslovia, ltaly, United Kingdom, Bulgaria)의 글로티노사오리나무(Alnus glutinosa)를 대상으로 목섬유 길이, 도관 길이 및 직경인 해부학적 성질을 조사하여, 이들의 종자산지 간 및 생장속도와의 관계를 규명하였다. 글로티노사오리나무는 산공재, 계단상천공, 교호상벽공으로 나타났다. 접선단면에서 방사조직 높이는 9~11, 횡단면에서 방사조직 수는 16~26개로 나타났다. 산지 간의 목섬유 길이, 도관 길이 및 직경에서 만재부에서는 차이가 없었고, 조재부에서는 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 3개 산지는 생장이 좋을수록 만재부의 목섬유 및 도관 길이가 짧아지는 것으로 나타났으나, 유고슬로비아산은 생장이 좋으면서 목섬유 및 도관길이도 긴 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.319-325
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• 1998

The developmental changes occuring in the secondary xylem of Aristolochia manshuriensis Komarov have been studied in different ages of vine stems. A. manshuriensis possesses typical storeyed cambium comprising both vertically elongated fusiform initials and almost isodiametric ray cell initials. Stems of A. manshuriensis have wide rays that make the secondary xylem appear dissected as other vine types. The length of vessel member and fiber remained relatively constant throughout the secondary growth. However, vessel diameter increases with the increasing age of stem till the cell reaches their maximum limit and later more or less stabilize in diameter while number of vessel per $\textrm{mm}^2$ is vice versa. Width and relative proportion of ray to axial elements gradually increased with the increasing age of stem and later remained relatively constant.