• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2020

This study measured the downward stepping movement relative to weight change (no load, and 10%, 20%, 30% of body weight respectively of adult male (n=10) from standardized stair (rise of 0.3 m, tread of 0.29 m, width of 1 m). The 3-dimensional cinematography and ground reaction force were also utilized for analysis of leg stiffness: Peak vertical force, change in stance phase leg length, Torque of whole body, kinematic variables. The strategy heightened the leg stiffness and standardized vertical ground reaction force relative to the added weights (p<.01). Torque showed rather larger rotational force in case of no load, but less in 10% of body weight (p<.05). Similarly angle of hip joint showed most extended in no-load, but most flexed in 10% of body weight (p<.05). Inclined angle of body trunk showed largest range in posterior direction in no-load, but in vertical line nearly relative to added weights (p<.001). Thus the result of the study proved that downward stepping strategy altered from height of 30 cm, regardless of added weight, did not affect velocity and length of lower leg. But added weight contributed to more vertical impulse force and increase of rigidity of whole body than forward rotational torque under condition of altered stepping strategy. In future study, the experimental on effect of weight change and alteration of downward stepping strategy using ankle joint may provide helpful information for development of enhanced program of prevention and rehabilitation on motor performance and injury.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.504-513
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• 2013

This study evaluates the difference of visual effect according to pant style and geometric pattern. The researcher made 28 stimuli-combination of four pant Stiles (classic, baggy, skinny, and bell-bottom) and seven geometric pattern (large vertical stripe, small vertical stripe, large horizontal stripe, small horizontal stripe, large check, small check, and hound's tooth check). The test involved 96 female college students. The stimuli were made with the i-Designer computer program. The panels tested the computer screen images of all manikins wearing pants. A 7-point scale was used to evaluate each image. For the data analysis, ANOVA and Duncan-test were applied along with an SPSS program. The results of this study are as follows. Three factors (lower-body compensation, abdomen highlight, and length compensation) influenced the visual effect pant styles and geometric patterns. The skinny style and large vertical stripe evaluated positively in elongated height and leg length and a slimmer overall body. It was shown that the vertical stripe pattern was evaluated as more positive than the horizontal stripe pattern in the visual effect; particularly, the results showed distinct aspects in the classic pants style. The mutual influence of the visual effect (according to pants style and geometric pattern) were indicated as two factors of lower-body compensation and length compensation. A more positive visual effects resulted in a higher mutual influence on pant style and geometric pattern.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2016

The passive control methods such as horizontal and vertical fences on the lower surface of the bluff body were applied to suppress the vortex shedding and enhance the aerodynamic stability of flow. For investigating the effects of the passive control methods, wind tunnel experiments on the unsteady flow field around a bluff body near a moving ground were performed. The boundary layer and velocity profiles were measured by the Hot Wire Anemometer (HWA) system and the vortex shedding patterns and flow structures in a wake region were visualized via the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system. Also, it is a measuring on moving ground condition that the experimental values of the critical gap distances, Strouhal numbers and aerodynamic force FFT analyses. Through the experiments, we found that the momentum supply due to moving ground caused the vortex shedding at the lower critical gap distance rather than that of fixed ground. The horizontal and vertical fences increase the critical gap distance and it can suppress the vortex shedding. Consequently, the stability characteristics of the bluff body near a moving ground could be effectively enhanced by the simple passive control such as the vertical fences.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.74-83
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to extract information of lower body type's classification on pre-school children. To this end, 325 younger children living in the capital area and aged from 4 to 6 were sampled to be subject to the measurement of their somatotypes. The results are as follows. 1. The changes in the physical types of pre-school children, as they growing older, show the following tow peculiarities, first, in terms of vertical change, the height grows so rapidly that the proportion of the lower part of the body gets longer. And second, in terms of horizontal change, their growth is more distinctive in the width and the girth than in the thickness, which transforms their body into more or loss a dumpy form. 2. The analysis of the lower body of pre-school children allows us to distinguish two types of group. The first type has a smaller body, short in every part of body, which represents the body of four year-old children. On the contrary, the second type show much bigger body, especially the lower part of the body having a longer proportion, and it represents the body of six year-old children. the physical type and the gender have no relation, which means that we cna fidn both male and female children uniformly in both types.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.79-94
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• 1997

This study was performed to develop a basic stacks pattern for middle-aged women reflecting the characteristics of their lower body types. Anthropometric measurements using sliding guage method were carried out for 4 women 40's For the analysis of the lower body types horizontal and vertical section maps obtained by sliding gauge method and 2 indices were produced. Based on the slacks construction components produced by the drafts of their lower body surface experimental slacks pattern was designed. Multiple comparison test was used to compare 3 existing slacks patterns with the experimental pattern. 1. The results of the body section map analysis were as follows: 1) In the frontal view silhouette of vertical section maps there were less individual differences in items with skeleton landmarks than those without them. 2) In the shape of horizontal section maps waist section represented more round shape than the others and thigh maximum width section had the flattest shape. Flat ratios(depth/width) of subjects were much higer than those of young women which clarified the change of depth was bigger than that of width with aging process. 2. The slacks construction components for pattern drafting were as follows: 1)Ease amount of waist was 0.5cm and front and back waist girth difference was 1.2cm Ease amount of hip was 1,8cm and front and back hip girth difference was 0.7 cm 2) The amount of dart intake incresed in the order of side(4cm) back(3,6cm) from (2.8cm) The length of dart leg incresed in the order of front side back.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.163-173
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 요실금 발생빈도가 높아지는 40대, 50대, 60대 여성을 대상으로 하여 하반신 몸통 체형을 유형화하고 그 특징을 알아보고자 한다. 또, 연령대별 하반신 몸통 체형을 분류해봄으로써 요실금 팬티 패턴 개발에 필요한 기초자료를 얻고자 한다. 본 연구는 국가기술표준원 제8차 인체치수조사데이터 중 40-69세 여성 1543명을 대상으로 하여 하반신 몸통 관련 계측항목 총 29개를 분석하였다. 분석에는 SPSS 26.0 프로그램을 사용하였다. 하반신 몸통 높이 항목은 연령이 증가할수록 낮아지고, 너비 관련 항목은 연령이 증가할수록 넓어지며, 둘레 관련 항목은 허리둘레와 배둘레는 증가하고 엉덩이둘레는 작아지는 것으로 분석되었다. 몸통길이는 연령이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 하반신 몸통 구성 요인은 하반신 몸통 수평 요인, 높이 요인, 하부 요인, 수직 요인으로 분류되었다. 하반신 몸통 유형은 긴 역삼각 체형, 짧고 높은 몸통 체형, 몸통 비만 체형, 낮은 삼각 체형으로 분류되었다. 하반신 몸통 수평 요인과 높이 요인은 유형 3이 가장 크고, 하반신 몸통 수직 요인과 하부 요인은 유형 1이 가장 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 하반신 몸통은 허리와 복부가 발달된 유형과 엉덩이, 넙다리가 발달된 유형으로 분류되어 요실금 팬티의 가로 부위 설정 시 체형 차이의 반영이 요구되었다. 또, 몸통이 긴 유형과 짧은 유형으로 분류되어 앞중심과 뒷중심길이 차이를 반영할 수 있는 제도법이 필요하였다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.67-70
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• 2012

Massive weight loss results in skin excess, leading to an unsatisfying body contour. Various thigh lift procedures can correct flabby skin in the lower leg. We present a lower body contouring technique with a report on two patients. The procedure is determined by the body contour of the patient. As the skin excess in the thigh area tended to appear mostly on the medial side, a vertical medial thigh lift was considered. Moreover, for patients with a pear/guitar-shaped body contour, we added the spiral thigh lift for skin excess in the buttocks and the lateral thigh area. The extent of tissue to excise was determined by pinching the patient in a standing position. The inferior skin flap was fixed to non-movable tissue, which was helpful for lifting the tissue and preventing the widening of the scar. After the operation, a drain was kept for 3 to 4 days. A compressive garment was used after removing the drain. There were no complications. The patients were discharged 6 to 8 days after the operation. In conclusion, skin excess, especially in the lower body, can be corrected by a thigh lift combining several procedures, varying from person to person.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.30-40
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• 2022

This study aims to provide basic information on the changes in lower body measurements and shapes of women in their 20s for developing better fitting slacks patterns and a more applicable sizing system that can be widely utilized for women of all ages. Factor and cluster analysis were performed on 1,360 women's direct measurement data within the age group from the 5^th (2004) and 7^th (2015) Korean Human Body Measurement Investigation. The factor analysis identified four factors and explained 82.54% of the total variance; Factor 1, horizontal measurements of lower body; Factor 2, vertical lengths of lower body; Factor 3, measurements of leg and hip areas; Factor 4, lengths of hip and crotch areas. The cluster analysis categorized the lower body shapes of each age group into four shapes; Shape 1, a petite lower body with short legs; Shape 2, a long lower body with medium built; Shape 3, an obese abdomen and legs; Shape 4, a short and slim lower body. Shape 4 (36.5%), Shape 2 (31.2%), Shape 1 (27.8%), and Shape 3 (4.5%) were placed in the order of frequency from the highest to lowest among all the age groups. The findings of this study showed gradual changes in the lower body measurements and shapes of women in their 20s and relevant physical features of each age group. They can be utilized for developing women's slacks patterns with better fitting and more comfort.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.559-570
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• 2003

The focus of this research was concerned with studying lower body type for Korean adult males. To understand the features of men's lower body required to organize an optimal sizing system for men's tight-fit slacks, information from the measuring values based on research on the physical standard of the nation(l997) were summarized; in addition, a factor analysis and a cluster analysis among multivariate analyses were performed. In terms of the need for appropriate fit in motorcycle wear, basic lower body parts applying to each item had to be taken into consideration to enhance sizing suitability. In the case of the length of the lower limbs, the inclusion of protectors plays an important role in affecting sizing. The factors related to the lower body were defined as follows: Factor 1 was the vertical dimension of the lower body, Factor 2 was the horizontal dimension of waist and hip, Factor 3 was the horizontal dimension of the lower limbs, Factor 4 was the length of hips, and Factor 5 was the ankle height. The lower body part was also divided into 3 clusters. Cluster 1 referred to the smallest stature and skeleton structure among the 3 body types. Cluster 2 represented the biggest stature, with a thin lower limbs body type. Cluster 3 represented a medium stature but with a large skeleton structure of lower limbs, a muscular type. In conclusion, Cluster 2 appeared most in the 20s age groups, but Cluster 3 appeared most in each of the 30s, 40's, and 50's age groups.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.368-382
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• 1997

Through the recognition and the satisfaction of the lower part of the women body in 20s' we studied 202 respondents of the women in 20s' to analyze what lower part shape they want. And also through the measurment, we tried to analyze their wants. The results are as follows. 1. The women in 20s' think ideal body shapes are highstature, long legs, slander waist, hip, abdomen, thigh, ankle, and light weight. And so it needs to be studied to make slacks pattern which show slander girth and long length. 2. At the result of the body measurments the laterallargeness related with width, girth and depth items of the first factor rated 33.1 oyo in the variousfactors, and vertical largeness related with highness of the second fact rated 18.3% the first and the second factors affect importantly in the lower part of women body in 20s'. 3. At the result of the group analysis, the type divided five kinds, according to the body measurments, the type of 1, 3, 4, are normal, the type of 2 is weak, the type of 5 is fat. The type of 1 shows the largest distribution of all held 108, the flank is standard somatotype. The type of 2 is the second largest distribution held 59, the flank is forwardsomatotype. The type of 3 is the smallest of all types in the lateral largeness, the flankis turning over somatotype. The type of 4 is large both in the lateral largenessand in the vertical largeness, the flank is forward somatotype. The type of 5 is the fat type. The lateral type is the largest, the flank is forward turning over somatotype. The type of 5 showed the smallest distribution.