• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.381-390
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• 2010

This paper describes a procedure of the map-based localization for mobile robots by using a sensor fusion technique in structured environments. A combination of various sensors with different characteristics and limited sensibility has advantages in view of complementariness and cooperation to obtain better information on the environment. In this paper, for robust self-localization of a mobile robot with a monocular camera and a laser structured light sensor, environment information acquired from two sensors is combined and fused by a Bayesian sensor fusion technique based on the probabilistic reliability function of each sensor predefined through experiments. For the self-localization using the monocular vision, the robot utilizes image features consisting of vertical edge lines from input camera images, and they are used as natural landmark points in self-localization process. However, in case of using the laser structured light sensor, it utilizes geometrical features composed of corners and planes as natural landmark shapes during this process, which are extracted from range data at a constant height from the navigation floor. Although only each feature group of them is sometimes useful to localize mobile robots, all features from the two sensors are simultaneously used and fused in term of information for reliable localization under various environment conditions. To verify the advantage of using multi-sensor fusion, a series of experiments are performed, and experimental results are discussed in detail.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.46-56
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• 2004

As economic cooperation and exchanges between North and South Korea have been glowing much more than before, the demand for geographic information on North Korea is recently increasing. In fact, there is no specific method to be provided with geographic information on North Korea. In this regard, the study searched a method to collect geographic information on North Korea by using the high spatial resolution satellite image. In order to produce its best result, the study collected the geographic information on the case study area and ensured the location accuracy. This study produced total 52 items of geographic information on North Korea. Horizontal and vertical errors of stereo image, which are 4.6m and 0.9m respectively, showed high accuracy. In addition, even though the horizontal error of single image is 9m, which is bigger than that of stereo image, there is no doubt that it can be used as basic data for North Korean studies and related projects.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.63-70
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• 2005

Compared with land logistics and sea logistics, air logistics takes not only less transportation time, but also makes just-in-time delivery possible. Because of this, in spite of high freight rates, many shippers make good use of airlines. To cope with borderless competition in this global age, most shippers using air logistics want to receive diverse information including just-in-time cargo delivery and dangerous situation as well as convenience and speed in job handling. Nevertheless, most domestic forwarders, who perform many kinds of important businesses for air logistics, mainly put emphasis on demanding information from overseas partners through their business agreements, that is, focusing on horizontal integration, instead of sharing information or improving job performance among air logistics participants. As a result, it is almost impossible to satisfy the needs of shippers. Airline users want to remove the uncertainties over their cargo movement. And in time of emergency, they want to take immediate measures through speedy information sharing and decision-making. In order to satisfy shipper's needs, all the organizations participating in the air logistics supply chain-cargo senders, cargo receivers, forwarders, transporters, licensed customs brokers, airlines as well as foreign partners-have to set up a vertical cooperation system. For effective air logistics SCM, it is very important to remove overlapping jobs, strengthen the efficiency of job handling, and provide online monitoring on cargo information in order to support decision-making. To this end, this paper has applied the concept of RTE (Real Time Enterprise), a new business management system, which tries to maximize competitiveness by removing many hindrance factors on an ongoing basis in managing and fulfilling core business processes based on up-to-the-minute information. In order to realize RTE-based information system for air logistics SCM, this paper has analyzed the information required by business process and by air logistics participant, and suggested the method for information sharing, point of time for information input and output, and its means.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.134-143
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• 1998

Twin Blocks are simple bite-blocks that effectively modify the occlusal inclined plane to induce favorably directed occlusal forces by causing a functional mandibular displacement. These devices use upper and lower bite-blocks that engage on occlusal inclined planes. Twin Blocks use the forces of occlusion as the functional mechanism to correct the malocclusion. To get an excellent result in the treatment by using the Twin Block appliances, proper case selection must be needed. Twin Block treatment is performed in two stages. Twin Blocks are used in the active phase to correct the anteroposterior relationship and establish the correct vertical dimension. Once this phase is accomplished, the Twin Blocks are replaced with an upper Hawley type of appliance with an anterior inclined plane, which is then used to support the corrected position as the posterior teeth settle fully into occlusion. The Twin Block is the most comfortable, the most esthetic ane the most efficient of all the functional appliances. Twin Blocks have many advantages compared to other functional appliances. Patients can wear Twin Blocks 24 hours per day and can eat comfortably with the appliances in place. From the moment Twin Blocks are fitted, the appearance is noticeably improved. There is less interference with normal function. Integration with conventional fixed appliances is simpler than with any other functional appliance. Twin Blocks allow independent control of upper and lower arch width. Appliance design is easily modified for transverse and sigittal arch development. The authors treated Class II malocclusion with Twin Blocks. and the results as follows; 1. Rapid profile improvement was achieved in 2-3 months. 2. There was excellent patient cooperation. 3. Severe overjet and overbite were reduced. 4. Class II molar relationship was changed to Class I.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.7-22
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• 1997

Korean Library Association brought out the fourth revised and enlarged edition of KDC last year. Compared with the former edition It Is a marked improvement. Neverthless, it leaves much room for improvement. In order to examine and evaluate the edition more effectively, I confined my study to the class 'Philosophy'. In my judgment the problem resolves itself into following three points: 1) Each regions, blanches of philosophy is not properly balanced. As is generally known KDC was originally derived from DDC. As a result KDC and DBC are similiar with regard to their stress on the philosophical tradition of the West. In consequence, it is lacking in universality. 2) The classifiers neglected on several occassions the logical regulations of classification. The vertical and horizontal relations between the subjects are not strictly respected. 3) The persons concerned were not well informed of philosophical conceptions and genealogies. There are some misused conceptions and disorganized genealogies of philosophy. To my knowledge these problems originate in the lack of professional understanding of philosophy necessary to make the work satisfactory As a result of the examination I came to the conclusion that it is inevitable for the classifiers, to ask to specialists in philosophy for mutual cooperation. Without their professional advices the classifiers will find difficulty in solving the problems and in improving the classification

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.252-259
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• 2013

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is utilizing CAD technology in a way that ultimately ties all the components of a building together as objects imbedded with information, and has been changing the way we design and build over the last 20-30 years. In Polytechnic Institute of NYU, there are four BIM courses offered which provide students with different levels of knowledge regarding BIM Technique, BIM Standards, BIM Guideline and Roadmap for Private and Public Implementation, BIM Application in Real Projects, the Cooperation of BIM and IPD for Public Works in New York City. With advanced BIM technology, BIM's integration into the construction process and its incorporation into project delivery systems, especially Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) are the bridges between technology, industry and research. This paper presents an integrated BIM curriculum with three modules: 1) BIM functions and Bid Preparation; 2) Time-Cost Trade-off Analysis; and 3) Problems Solving in BIM/IPD Environment. In this project-based curriculum developed by the common efforts of academia, public agency and industry, the objectives are: (1) to provide the information and skills needed to successfully implement BIM into the construction phase; (2) to identify BIM's role in construction and the project delivery system; (3) to develop a module in conjunction with leading BIM into project delivery system, particularly coordination between BIM and IPD; (4) to connect technology and research into industry. The course assessment was conducted and the results indicate that it is a successful reform in construction management education.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.177-192
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• 2023

A prerequisite for a lasting ceasefire is the emergence of a prevailing view in Moscow and Kyiv that the fighting has reached a hurting stalemate. In sum, they both lose more through continuing warfare than by a ceasefire. This study applies social identity dynamics of nationalism to this escalatory conflict. It generates findings that imply that China as a third-party great power intervening mediator can potentially play a pivotal role. Shifting the respective prevailing views in Moscow and Kyiv of their interaction from a zero-sum foundation requires proffering powerful economic and political third-party incentives. Effective inducement would facilitate national defense, development and prestige for Moscow as well as Kyiv. China arguably has the underutilized potential power capabilities necessary to alter the respective prevailing views of strategic relationships among the great powers within Moscow, Brussels and Washington. A prerequisite for success in striving effectively towards this strategic goal is cooperation with the Beijing despite skepticism from Washington. This study utilizes a process tracing methodological approach. It highlights that the foundations of the Russo-Ukraine war lie in the institutionalization within Euro-Atlantic integration of the Cold War assumption that the USSR was an imperialist revisionist actor. Russia is the USSR's successor state. Moscow's prevailing view is that Russian national self-determination was unjustly circumscribed in the multinational Soviet totalitarian Communist system. The Euro-Atlantic community is perceived as a neocolonial imperial threat by allying with post-1991 Ukrainian nationalism at Russia's expense. The study finds that acknowledging Eurasian regional multipolarity is necessary, if not sufficient, to coopt Beijing into a global political stabilization strategy. It functionally aims to promote international balancing to lessen potentials for horizontal as well as vertical escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian conflict.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.288-299
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• 2024

Indonesia's Keplauan Liau region is facing limitations in the development of connected transportation infrastructure due to its archipelago nature, budget constraints, and lack of land. Transportation demand is increasing due to its strategic location in the Malacca Strait Business Triangle and many tourist visits from Singapore and Malaysia. However, due to the nature of connecting many islands, the establishment of transportation infrastructure has not been achieved. This paper aims to predict the innovations that can be brought about by the introduction of advanced air mobility (AAM) with an electric vertical take-off and landing (e-VTOL) system through analysis and application consideration of the actual situation in Indonesia's Kepulauan Liau region. In addition, it intends to contribute to national-level review and policy establishment on the establishment of innovative transportation infrastructure using AAM, reflection in infrastructure construction plans, and active global cooperation.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.113-122
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the foot-pressure distribution of 2D(2 dimensional form) & 3D(3 dimensional form; a customized arch-fit for posture correction) insoles for assessing their biomechanical functionality. Background : Recently there has been increased interest in both foot health and foot pain patients. Analysis of the plantar pressure was often used to solve the problems of the foot displayed by such people as rheumatoid arthritis patients. Method : Subjects who participated in this study were 17 female university students who had no previous injury experience in lower limbs and a normal gait pattern. The shoe size of all subjects was 240 mm. Two models of insoles of 2D(typical flat insole - 2 dimensional form) and 3D(special production - 3 dimensional form) were selected for the test. Using the Pedar-X system and Pedar-X insoles, 4.0 km/h of walking speed, and a compilation of 50 steps walking stages were used to analyze foot-pressure distribution. Results : Results of the foot-pressure distribution and biomechanical functionality on each insole were as follows; analyses of mean plantar pressure, maximum plantar pressure, maximum vertical GRF, and plantar pressure curve shape all showed overall low plantar pressure and GRF. Conclusion : This can be evaluated as an excellent insole for low levels on the plantar pressure and GRF. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that according to this analysis the 3D Customized Arch-fit Insole was better than 2D insole on the basis of these criteria.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.343-351
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• 2014

The reflection and transmission coefficients of waves due to perforated wall are mainly determined by both the porosity and wall thickness of the perforated wall and the period and nonlinearity of incident waves. Among them the wall thickness is very important because it affects the head loss coefficient and the inertia length of the wall. However, by employing the head loss coefficient derived for sharp crested orifice, the previous researches have neglected, or incorrectly considered the effect of wall thickness on the head loss coefficient. Even though it is considered, the effect of the inertia length is neglected in some empirical formulae. Thus, the effect of wall thickness on the reflection and transmission coefficients of waves is not properly considered. In this study comprehensive experiments are conducted for the perforated walls with various thicknesses, and the results are compared with those predicted by the empirical formulae. As a result it is found that the existing formulae can not properly consider the effect of wall thickness, and it is confirmed that a new formula which can correctly consider the effect of wall thickness on the head loss coefficient is necessary.