• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2009

We analyzed the factors driving succession and the structure, and dynamics of vegetation on sand and gravel bars in order to clarify the differences in vegetation succession in rivers with different river bed substrates. Woody plant communities (dominated by Salix), perennial herb communities (dominated by Miscanthus), and annual plant communities (dominated by Persicaria) appeared in that order from upstream to downstream on the sandbar. The results of DCA ordination based on vegetation data reflected a successional trend. This result suggests that sandbars grow in a downstream direction. Various vegetation types different in successional stage, such as grassland, young stands of Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora), two-layered stands of young and mature pines, and mature pine stands also occurred on gravel bars, but the vegetation in earlier successional stage was established upstream, which is the opposite to the direction found on sandbars. Those results demonstrate that the dynamics of the bed load itself could be a factor affecting vegetation succession in rivers. In fact, sands suspended by running water were transported downstream over the vegetated area of sand bar and thereby created new areas of sandbar on the downstream end of the sandbar. Meanwhile, gravel, which is heavy and thereby is shifted by strong water currents, accumulated on the upstream end of the vegetated area, and thus created new areas of gravel bar in that direction. These results showed that allogenic processes drive vegetation succession on sand and gravel bars in streams and rivers.

• 농촌계획
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.129-139
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to monitor the long-term vegetation change of the village complementary forest after restoration. Based on the monitoring in 2010, six years after the restoration project in 2004, the monitoring of the complementary forest in Dubang village in 2019 after 9 years was conducted. This study identifies the change of species diversity and structure, growth, vegetation coverage, structural quality etc. and succession through long-term monitoring. For this, field survey was conducted in 2003 and 2010, 2019. The results demonstrate significant increase of species diversity and multi-layer structure and progress of natural succession. Overall, Part I is considered to be a quasi-natural complementary village forest, which has a natural balance between natural vegetation that have remained in nature for a long time and anthropogenic vegetation, revealing the coexistence of nature and humanity. It means ecological structure and function have improved. Part II should be restored to the lost part and adaptive management rather than excessive management should be carried out to leave natural succession.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.439-450
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• 1997

The potential natural vegtation of the Pukhansan National Park area, mid-western Korea, was inferred from the actual vegetation. With the phytosociological classification and field surveys, the actual vegetation map of the park area was made on a scale of 1:25, 000, including fourteen communities. By the analyses of the species diversity, the age structure, the human interferences and various informations on vegetation changes, two pathways of late stage succession from Pinus densiflora forests to the climatic climax were suggested. One is from Quercus serrata forests to Q. mongolica forests throughout the mountain and the other, from Q. variabilis or Q. acutissima forests to Carpinus laxiflora forests in lower parts. Considering the vegetation changes, the potential natural vegetation of the park area mainly composed of Q. mongolica, C. laxiflora, P. densiflora and Zelkova serrata forest as the climatic and/or edaphic climax was inferred.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.438-453
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• 2019

Background: To investigate the trends of succession occurring at the Pinus thunbergii forests on the lowlands of Jeju Island, we quantified the species compositions and the importance values by vegetation layers of Braun-Blanquet method on the Pinus thunbergii forests. We used multivariate analysis technique to know the correlations between the vegetation group types and the location environmental factors; we used the location environment factors such as altitudes above sea level, tidal winds (distance from the coast), annual average temperatures, and forest gaps to know the vegetation distribution patterns. Results: According to the results on the lowland of Jeju Island, the understory vegetation of the lowland Pinus thunbergii forests was dominated by tall evergreen broad-leaved trees such as Machilus thunbergii, Neolitsea sericea, and Cinnamomum japonicum showing a vegetation group structure of the mid-succession, and the distribution patterns of vegetation were determined by the altitudes above sea level, the tidal winds on the distance from the coast, the annual average temperatures, and the forest gaps. We could discriminate the secondary succession characteristics of the Pinus thunbergii forests on the lowland and highland of Jeju Island of South Korea. Conclusions: In the lowland of Jeju Island, the secondary succession will progress to the form of Pinus thunbergii (early successional species)→Machilus thunbergii, Litsea japonica (mid-successional species)→Machilus thunbergii (late-successional species) sequence in the temperate areas with strong tidal winds. In the highland of Jeju Island, the succession will progress to the form of Pinus thunbergii (early successional species)→Neolitsea sericea, Eurya japonica (mid-successional species)→Castanopsis sieboldii (late-successional species) sequence in the areas where tidal winds are weak and temperatures are relatively low. However, local differences between lowland and highland of Jeju Island will be caused by the micro-environmental factors resulting from the topographic differences and the supply of tree seeds. From the characteristics of succession study, we could properly predict and manage the Pinus thunbergii forest ecosystem on lowland and highland of Jeju Island.

• 농촌계획
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2011

This paper is to contribute for management and restoration as a basic study of vegetation structure in Aemirang Hill, Nakdongjeongmaek. To verify the characteristics of vegetation structure, we set up 25 plots($100m^2$). The result of community analysis was used by TWINSPAN classification. The communities were classified 7 types i.e. Quercus variabilis community, Quercus mongolica community, Pinus densiflora community, Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica community, Q. mongolica-Quercus variabilis community, Quercus mongolica-Betula davurica community, Larix leptolepis community. Pinus densiflora community and Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica community are progressively transforming a Quercus mongolica community that is called Pinus densiflora next succession stage. Whereas the communities that has dominant Quercus variabilis and Quercus mongolica did not appear a next generation succession tree such as Carpinus laxiflora, Carpinus cordata in the under story and shrub layer. Therefore, Aemirang Hill's ecological succession was to maintain the status condition. Aemirang Hill's diversity index is 0.5738 to 0.8906. It were analyzed that diversity index was lower than other places.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1331-1341
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• 2008

For providing basic data on estuary conservation and pattern of vegetation succession of sand bar, the flora of delta was investigated from March 2004 to August 2006 in the Nakdong River estuary of Korea. The flora in the eight surveyed areas was composed of total 159 taxa that belonged to 46 families, 123 genera, 133 species, 1 subspecies, 20 varieties, and 5 forms. Among them, naturalized plants and evergreen broad trees were 31 taxa and 5 taxa, respectively. The communities of main species at delta of estuary were composed of 16 species such as Rosa rugusa community, Scirpus triqueter community, Phragmites communis community, Carex kobomugi community, Digitaria ciliaris community. Especially, Rosa rugusa community which are important to establish the southern limit line of distribution as the northern factor was distributed through Jinwoodo. The succession of main vegetation community in the new delta (Doyodeung) was in order of Carex scabrifolia, Scirpus triqueter, Phragmites communis, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii and Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens. Therefore, the succession order of the surveyed area seems to predict the pattern of the vegetation succession of another deltas in Nakdong River estuary.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제109권3호
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• pp.249-258
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• 2020

본 연구는 바람재일대의 산림생태계복원 이후 식생유형에 따른 천이경향에 대한 산림의 변화 상태를 분석하였다. 바람재일대의 식생유형 분류를 위해 2019년 5월부터 10월까지 식생조사법에 따라 총 81개소를 조사하였다. 그 결과 식생유형분류체계는 소나무군락군으로 구분되었다. 군락단위에서 신갈나무군락, 소나무전형군락으로 구분되었다. 군단위에서 떡갈나무전형소군, 버드나무소군, 신갈나무전형소군으로 구분되었다. 중요치 분석 결과, 식생단위 1은 신갈나무, 굴참나무, 식생단위 2는 신갈나무, 떡갈나무, 식생단위 3은 소나무, 그리고 식생단위 4는 버드나무의 중요치가 높게 나타났으며, 천이계열에 따라 층위별 이입 종의 우점도 차이를 보였다. 식생유형분류체계를 바탕으로 천이경향을 파악하기 위해 Detrended Correspondence Analysis(DCA)를 분석한 결과, 1축(33.2%) 및 2축(28.9%)로 종합 설명력 62.1%로 나타났다. 복원 이후, 천이경향은 식생단위 1과 식생단위 2가 가장 광범위한 식생으로 발달한 것으로 판단되었다. 식생단위 2와 식생단위 4에 해당하는 버드나무소군은 초기식생 발달에 이입된 종이 다수 분포하고 있었다. 이에 따라 바람재 일대는 단계적 천이계열로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.136-146
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• 2017

We selected 6 plots ($100m^2$) located 2.2-3.8 km from Minamidake Crater on the north flank of Sakurajima Volcano. We conducted a field study to investigate the effects of volcanic activity on vegetation succession and surface erosion rate. The results showed that trees growing in plots further from the crater had a greater diameter at breast height (DBH), total height, and age. In addition, these plots had a greater number of woody plants and species, as well as a greater total cross-sectional area at breast height. The Fisher-Williams index of diversity (${\alpha}$) and the proportion of evergreen broad-leaved trees were higher in plots located further from the crater. Vegetation succession in these plots was not at the level of a climax forest. From 1972 to 2015, the timing for active volcano, the depth of volcanic ash layer, the dry density, and the pH of ground surface were lower for plots located further from the crater. Furthermore, the average annual sheet erosion from 1972 to 2015 was also lower for plots located further away from the crater. Overall, plots further away from the crater have a better environment for vegetation growth and a lower dry density of the volcanic ash surface layer. It is thought that lower dry density results in increased soil permeability, which impedes surface flow. In order to prevent debris-flow disasters, caused by mud and rock flow resulting from impaired soil penetrability, it is essential to promote soil development and restore penetrability by artificial vegetation restoration.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 1990

This study was executed to investigate the vegetation structure and to propose the vegetation management proposals of the Sansung Nature Park at Cheonju City and the results were as fellows. 1. A damage of vegetation and soil surface around the Namgosa was taken place up to 100m by picnic 2. Pinus rigida forest covered 36.1% of the total area(152.6ha) and total afforested vegetation covered 43.5%, respectively. P. denstflora comm. covered 28.4% arid Carpinus laxiflora Comm. as a climax vegetation in temerate zone covered 0.3%, respectively. 3. 6, 7 and 8 of the degree of human disturbance of vegetation covered 45.3%, 26.6% and 21.4%, respectively and resulted in low quality of naturalness. 4. Physical and chemical properties of soil were pour at high elevation and were poor severely in and around the Namgosa due to human disturbance. 5. Plant community were under rapid succession and had unvalanced structure and heterogeneous composition of species. Rapid vegetational succession from Pinus densiflora and Pf. rigida to Carpinus laxifora, Quercus spp. and Robinina pseudo-acacia were taken place.6. The speeies of Raunkiaer's frequency class I as of high frequency class were Pinus dunsiflora, Carpinus alxiflora, Quercus mmongolica, Sorbus alnifolia, Prunrs sargintii, Rhododendron yedoense, Stephanandra incisa and Lespedeza maxinowiczii. 7. Vegetational management proposals were made for three vegetation zones ; Historic landscape restoration and preservation zone, Afforested vegetation zone, Native vegetation conservation zone and recommanded native species for landcape planting.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.227-235
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• 2006

강원도 평창군 일대에서 화전 후 묵밭의 식생 천이에 따른 식생 구조의 발달 과정과 종다양성의 변화를 조사하였다. 방치 후 경과 년 수에 따라 최상층부의 키는 초기에 빠르게 증가하고 후기에 안정화하는 경향을 나타내었다. 10, 20, 50 및 80 년차 묵밭에서 최상층부 식생의 키는 각각 4, 8, 18 및 18 m이었다. 교목층, 아교목층, 관목층 및 초본층의 4층 구조를 갖춘 완전한 형태의 숲으로 발달하기까지는 방치 후 약 35년이 경과해야 하는 것으로 추정되었다. 방치 후 경과 년 수에 따라 식생치 Ivc는 로그 함수적으로 그리고 식생치 Hcl은 직선적으로 증가하는 경향이 있었다. 묵밭의 식생천이에서 종다양성은 천이 중기인 $10{\sim}20$년차에서 최고로 증가한 다음 이후 점차 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 본 조사지에서 종다양성은 균등도보다 종풍부도와 매우 밀접한 상관을 나타내었다. 대부분의 목본은 개망초-쑥 단계인 $2{\sim}6$년차에 정착이 이루어져 시간 경과에 따라 이들의 우점도가 변화함으로써 Egler (1954)의 초기 종조성 모델을 따르는 것으로 확인되었다.