• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.451-460
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• 1983

Computational four-equation turbulence model is developed and is applied to predict twodimensional unsteady thermal surface discharge into a reservoir. Turbulent stresses and heat fluxes in the momentum and energy equations are determined from transport equations for the turbulent kinetic energy (R), isotropic rate of kinetic energy dissipation (.epsilon.), mean square temperature variance (theta. over bar $^{2}$), and rate of destruction of the temperature variance (.epsilon. $_{\theta}$). Computational results by four-equation model are favorably compared with those obtained by an extended two-equation model. Added advantage of the four-equation model is that it yields quantitative information about the ratio between the velocity time scale and the thermal time scale and more detailed information about turbulent structure. Predicted time scale ratio is within experimental observations by others. Although the mean velocity and temperature fields are similarly predicted by both models, it is found that the four-equation model is preferably candidate for prediction of highly buoyant turbulent flows.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 1988

The results obtained by survey on 599 respondents of different age groups for preference of 84 prepared foods were subjected to statistical principal component analysis, factor analysis, analysis of variance, scheffe verification, and discriminant analysis so as to find a structure of preference for foods. The results may be summarized as follows: 1. The results of the factor analysis indicate that 84 prepared food items may be classified into 3 groups and that by knowing an indvidual's preference to one prepared food, one can presume his preference to the others in the same group without carrying out actual test. 2. The results from an analysis of variance showed that most of primary school children extremely liked snacks, seniors liked Korean cooking, primary school children and collegians had weaknesses for western cookings while kindergarden children and adults over 50 years old disliked them.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.20-24
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• 2008

A bid-based pool(BBP) model is representative of energy market structure in a number of restructured electricity markets. Supply function equilibrium(SFE) models of interaction better match what is explicitly required in the bid formats of typical BBP markets. Many of the results in the SFE literature involve restrictive parametrization of the bid cost functions. In the SFE models, two parameters, intercept and slope, are available for strategic bidding. This paper addresses the realistic competition format that players can choose both parameters arbitrarily. In a fixed demand function, equilibrium conditions for generation company's profit maximization have a degree of freedom, which induces multi-equilibrium. So it is hard to choose a convergent equilibrium. However, consideration of stochastic demand function makes the equilibrium conditions independent each other based on the amount of variance of stochastic demand function. This variance provides the bidding players with incentives to change the slope parameter from an equilibrium for a fixed demand function until the slope parameter equilibrium.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.2516-2520
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• 2005

In this paper, finite impulse response (FIR) smoothers are proposed for discrete-time systems. The proposed FIR smoother is designed under the constraints of linearity, unbiasedness, FIR structure, and independence of the initial state information. It is also obtained by directly minimizing the performance criterion with unbiased constraints. The approach to the MVF smoother proposed in this paper is logical and systematic, while existing results have heuristic assumption, such as infinite covariance of the initial state. Additionally, the proposed MVF smoother is based on the general system model that may have the singular system matrix and has both system and measurement noises. Thorough simulation studies, it is shown that the proposed MVF smoother is more robust against modeling uncertainties numerical errors than fixed-lag Kalman smoother which is infinite impulse response (IIR) type estimator.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.677-680
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• 1998

In this paper, we proposed a lwo bit rate subband coding with adaptive vector quantization using the correlation between motion vector and block energy in subband. In this method, the difference between the input signal and the motion compensated interframe prediction signal is decomposed into several narrow bands using quadrature mirror filter (QMF) structure. The subband signals are then quantized by adaptive vector quantizers. In the codebook generating process, each classified region closer to the block value in the same region after the classification of region by the magnitude of motion vector and the variance values of subband block. Because codebook is genrated considering energy distribution of each region classified by motion vector and variance of subband block, this technique gives a very good visual quality at low bit rate coding.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.673-691
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• 1998

In this paper, an analytic method to examine the random vibration of multispan Timoshenko frames due to a concentrated load traversing at a constant velocity is presented. A load's magnitude is a stationary process in time with a constant mean value and a variance. Two types of variances of this load are considered: white noise process and cosine process. The effects of both velocity and statistical characteristics of load and span number of the frame on both the mean value and variance of deflection and moment of the structure are investigated. Results obtained from a multispan Timoshenko frame are compared with those of a multispan Bernoulli-Euler frame.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.339-353
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a radiographic estimate of osseous fractal dimension and power spectrum of 2D discrete Fourier transform is useful in the characterization of structural changes in bone. Ten specimens of bone were decalcified in fresh 50 ml solutions of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid solution at cummulative timed periods of 0 and 90 minutes. and radiographed from 0 degree projection angle controlled by intraoral parelleling device. I performed one-dimensional variance. fractal analysis of bony profiles and 2D discrete Fourier transform. The results of this study indicate that variance and fractal dimension of scan line pixel intensities decreased significantly in decalcified groups but Fourier spectral analysis didn't discriminate well between control and decalcified specimens.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.331-338
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• 1990

In adaptive control, the lack of persistent and rich excitation causes the estimated parameters to drift, which degrade the performance of the system and may introduces instability to the system in a stochastic environment. To solve the problem of the parameter drift, the concept of single parameter adaptation is presented. For the parameter identification, a priori error is directly used for adaptation error. The structure of the controller is based upon the minimum variance control technique. The stability and robustness analysis is carried out by the sector stability theorem for the second order system. The computer simulation is performed to justify the theoretical analysis for the various cases.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.145-151
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• 2004

PROC MIXED fits a variety of mixed models to data and enables one to use these fitted models to make statistical inferences about the data. However, the simulation study in this article shows that PROC MIXED using REML estimators provides one with a confidence interval, that does not keep the stated confidence coefficients, on sums of two variance components in the simple regression model with unbalanced nested error structure which is a mixed model.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.1423-1431
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• 2016

When the sample size in a certain domain is too small to produce adequate information, small area model with random effects is usually used. Also, if we do not consider an inherent pattern which data possess, it considerably affects inference. In this paper, we mainly focus on modeling to handle increased variation of the Current Population Survey (CPS) median income as the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) mean income increases. In a hierarchical Bayesian framework, most estimations are carried out through the Gibbs sampler while the grid method is used to generate parameters from non-standard form. Numerical study indicates that the performance of proposed model is better than that of CPS method in terms of four comparison measurements.