• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.73-84
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• 2015

In this research, two careers connectable with the contents of the curriculum of fifth to sixth grade elementary school students were selected among other promising future careers in biotechnology and medical engineering fields. 'Design-based promising future career STEAM program' was developed and its validity and effectiveness were verified. Reflecting recent issues, and complying with the STEAM standard (frame) instructional materials were developed through group deliberations for nine months, based on the achievement standards through an analysis of subject curriculum revised in 2009. This was prepared so that students are able to experience biotechnology and medical engineering related careers in a simulational form emphasized with creative design to make them prefer natural sciences and engineering careers and draw their interests and recognition of the relevant careers under the two disciplines. As a result of such application to STEAM Leader School students at the verification stage of the program, the contents and level of the program were verified suitable, receiving favorable reviews. And as a result of applying the developed program on other elementary school students, it was discovered that significant improvements were found in their career consciousness. Through this research, it was suggested that there is a need for a simplification of the curriculum content standards, a provision of 'standard for integration,' development of teachers' ability in reconstituting or organizing the STEAM and proceeding classes, continuous long-term support to see the effects of a policy or a program, and a reinforcement of career education integrated in the curriculum.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.111-130
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• 2014

The article 742(2) of the Korean Commercial Code allowed the third party to invoke a direct action against the insurer under a liability insurance. Meanwhile, the owners of the vessel enter into the P&I Insurance Contract with the P&I Club to indemnify all kinds of liability or expenses involved in the operation of its vessel. However, the Rule Book under the P&I Insurance mostly included the Pay to be Paid Clause which precludes the third party's direct action. Recently, the Seoul Central District Court passed a judgement on the validity of the Pay to be Paid Clause under the Korean law against the third party i.e. the cargo insurer having the right of subrogation. The court held that (1) the third party's right of direct action is not the right to claim insurance money but the right to claim damages against the P&I Club, (2) the insurer under a liability insurance is deemed to assume liability jointly and severally with the insured against the third party, (3) the Article 742(2) of the Korean Commercial Code is considered as a compulsory provision because it was invented to protect the innocent third party, the Paid to be Paid Clause is thus null and void. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the appropriateness of this court's judgments by comparative analysis of Korean and English law, and to suggest the relevant amendments of the Korean Commercial Code in order to prevent further legal disputes. The article criticizes the decision of the Seoul Central District Court, taking the attitude that, since the third party's right is the right to claim insurance money, the Paid to be Paid Clause is valid against the third party.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.453-461
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• 2011

This study is to derive a project model based on potential demand for Korean-style houses, focusing on new town detached housing sites that LH supplies and to test validity of the derived model and to present the direction and supply methods of the projects. The existing high-class new town Korean-style housing developments that have been considered were found to have little business value due to problems in choice of location and discordance of demand, so 6 types of projects were established through the methods of changes in planned scale, combined use, and subdivision of plot of land based on the results of survey. The type that has the highest business value among the project models was block-type multifamily houses, and this can be interpreted as the increase in total construction area leading to increase inrevenues of allotment sales due to economies of scale. The feasibility of mass housing model in which small-scale Korean-style houses are combined with amenities was found to be high, and if the same project conditions as those of the block-type multifamily houses are applied, the business value of the Korean-style tenement houses was found to be high. Besides, the high-class housing models within block-type detached housing areas are typical projects that the private sector generally promotes, and the construction cost was found to be most expensive with 910 million won per house. In order to enhance the business value of the Korean-style housing development, collectivization such as choice of location, diversification of demand classes, optimization of house sizes, and combination of uses is needed. And in order to adopt Korean-style houses in the detached housing sites, the adjustments and division of the existing planned plots are needed, and the strategies to cope with new demand through supplying Korean-style housing types of sites can be suggested. Also breaking away from the existing uniform residential development methods, the development method through supplying original land that is natural land not yet developed besides basic infrastructures (main roads and water and sewage) can be considered, and as the construction of more than 1~2 stories building is impossible due to the structure of Korean-style house roof and furniture. So it can be suggested that original land in the form of hilly land is considered to be most suitable to large-scale development projects.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.87-102
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a valid instrument for measuring the dietary quality and behaviors of Korean elderly. Methods: The development of the Nutrition Quotient for Elderly (NQ-E) was conducted in three steps: item generation, item reduction, and validation. The 41 items of the NQ-E checklist were derived from a systematic literature review, expert in-depth interviews, statistical analyses of the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, and national nutrition policies and recommendations. Pearson's correlation was used to determine the level of agreement between the questionnaires and nutrient intake level, and 24 items were selected for a nationwide survey. A total of 1,000 nationwide elderly subjects completed the checklist questionnaire. The construct validity of the NQ-E was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis, LISREL. Results: The nineteen checklist items were used as final items for NQ-E. Checklist items were composed of four-factors: food behavior (6 items), balance (4 items), diversity (6 items), and moderation (3 items). The standardized path coefficients were used as the weights of the items. The NQ-E and four-factor scores were calculated according to the obtained weights of the questionnaire items. Conclusion: NQ-E would be a useful tool for assessing the food behavior and dietary quality of the elderly.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.85-105
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to develop a narrative analytic scoring rubric through teacher-students negotiations, as an assessment of tasks using methods of experiment and practice for home economic(HE) in the middle school. In this study. an analytic rubric had been developed in the following three stages: In the first stage, all the things for rubric development were defined and prepared, by selecting tasks used for rubric application through a questionnaire survey, providing detailed directions on methods and procedures and needed items, and selecting a class for rubric negotiation and setting the development schedule. In addition, the method suggested by Ainsworth and Christinson(1998) in Student Generated Rubrics was used. In the second stage, performance criteria for tasks in terms of knowledge, skills, and attitude were developed, setting scoring framework and scales depending on assessment areas. Referring to selected scoring framework and assessment criteria, observable and assessable behaviors were used to describe rubric based on A, B, and C scale. Then, a primary rubric was developed through teacher-students negotiations, using rubrics made by group. In the last stage, the developed primary rubric was reviewed by an expert of HE education to test the validity. Moreover, the analysis to test the suitability of the final rubric assessment tool employed 46 copies of questionnaire collected from incumbent home economics teachers selected by way of random sampling mainly focusing on those teachers who were in the Master's degree program or completed the program at one university. As a result, the average of suitability of aa the rubrics were over 4.0 in th 5-point scale.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.4-29
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• 2015

To protect cultural heritages from damage and destruction, evaluating the crime prevention environments is considered extremely important. This study analyzed the crime patterns related to cultural heritages, classified the crime environments by their types, and deduced the elements of the CPTED(Crime Prevention Through Environment Design), aiming to present the indices for evaluating the crime prevention environments. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the crimes related to cultural heritages that must be prevented were identified as the night time trespassing and arson. According to the results of the analysis of external environments based on crime actions, the crime prevention environments of cultural heritages were classified into 10 types. Second, the important evaluation principles of the cultural heritage CPTED were the access control, surveillance reinforcement and the surrounding environment. Third, the access control that cover the internal region, boundary, external region and surroundings were classified into 22 indices. The surveillance reinforcement covers natural, organized and mechanical surveillance with 21 indices. Fourth, the applicability of the CPTED evaluation index was presented according to the types of the cultural crime prevention environments. The results confirmed that the maximum 43 indices were applicable to the seowon(lecture hall), hyanggyo(Confucian school), and gwana(district government office), and the minimum 10 indices, to the ramparts. Finally, the 43 indices were applied to Donam Seowon to validate their applicability. The results confirmed that most of the indices were applicable with the partial supplements. The evaluation index presented in this study is likely to contribute to studies in the cultural heritage CPTED field and to the protection of cultural heritages. Furthermore, this study is considered significant because it unleashed continuous concerns on and developments of CPTED. However, as the field survey to validate the applicability of the indices was limited to only one type, it may require further objective verification such as through an expert's examination of the validity and applicability of the evaluation index. In addition, to accommodate the index in related policies and systems, more precise verifications of the indices by type are considered necessary.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.34 no.6_3
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• pp.1457-1468
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• 2018

The sigma naught (${\sigma}^0$) equation is essential to calculate geo-physical properties from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images for the applications such as ground target identification,surface classification, sea wind speed calculation, and soil moisture estimation. In this paper, we are suggesting new Kompsat-5 (K5) Radar Cross Section (RCS) and ${\sigma}^0$ equations reflecting the final SAR processor update and absolute radiometric calibration in order to increase the application of K5 SAR images. Firstly, we analyzed the accuracy of the K5 RCS equation by using trihedral corner reflectors installed in the Kompsat calibration site in Mongolia. The average difference between the calculated values using RCS equation and the measured values with K5 SAR processor was about $0.2dBm^2$ for Spotlight and Stripmap imaging modes. In addition, the verification of the K5 ${\sigma}^0$ equation was carried out using the TerraSAR-X (TSX) and Sentinel-1A (S-1A) SAR images over Amazon rainforest, where the backscattering characteristics are not significantly affected by the seasonal change. The calculated ${\sigma}^0$ difference between K5 and TSX/S-1A was less than 0.6 dB. Considering the K5 absolute radiometric accuracy requirement, which is 2.0 dB ($1{\sigma}$), the average difference of $0.2dBm^2$ for RCS equation and the maximum difference of 0.6 dB for ${\sigma}^0$ equation show that the accuracies of the suggested equations are relatively high. In the future, the validity of the suggested RCS and ${\sigma}^0$ equations is expected to be verified through the application such as sea wind speed calculation, where quantitative analysis is possible.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.94-113
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• 2019

This study has been performed for the purpose of providing the basic pedagogical resources to the specialized and meister high school related educational settings in either constructing educational contents suitable for the students'technological thinking disposition or fortifying the disposition required for the students.. A tool of secured validity and reliability has been used to test technological thinking disposition for the specialized and Meister high school students. Followings are the major results of the survey analysis for the subjects. 1. Technological thinking disposition with the most component ratio for the specialized & meister high school was turned out to be Technological Operating Disposition(TOD). The second most was Technological Planning and Reflecting Disposition(TPRD). Technological Curiosity Disposition(TCD), Technological Problem Identifying and Resolving Disposition (TPIRD), Technological Analyzing Disposition(TAD), Technological Creativity and Expressing Disposition(TCED) were in sequence. 2. In comparing the technological disposition of specialized high school students with that of meister high school students, the statistical test showed no evidence for the difference between the two group. 3. Statistical comparison test for the gender difference in technological thinking disposition has also been performed for the students of specialized and meister high school. The result showed that the magnitude of difference between the component ratio of TCD and TPIRD for the boy students was bigger than that for the girl students. In the TPRD, the component ratio for the disposition of the girl students was bigger than that of the boy students on the other hand. 4. For the comparison test of the technological thinking disposition between boys and girls only for the specialized high school students, the results showed the same different component ratio results as the results of the test for the specialized and meister high school students. 5. For the gender difference of meister high school student for the technological thinking disposition, there was no statistical evidence supporting the difference.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.265-271
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• 2019

In general, specific gravity (SG) and urinary creatinine (CR) have been used to adjust urinary cadmium (Cd) concentrations. However, the validity of correction methods has been controversial. We compared the two adjustments to evaluate associations between urinary Cd and various renal damage markers and to evaluate the relationship between urinary Cd concentration and renal disease markers, such as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), in a relatively large general population sample. Among the 1,086 volunteers who were enrolled in this study, 862 healthy volunteers who did not have kidney disease were included in the final analysis. Urinary Cd, malondialdehyde (MDA), and N-acetyl-${\beta}$-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) concentrations were measured, the creatinine-based eGFR was calculated, and the relationships between these markers were subsequently analyzed. This study showed the use of urinary Cd concentration adjusted with SG rather than with urinary creatinine may be appropriate in studies evaluating renal function based on Cd exposure. Urinary Cd concentration adjusted with SG had a positive correlation with urinary MDA levels and a negative correlation with eGFR. This relationship was relatively stronger in women than in men. This study showed that urinary Cd level was associated with decreased eGFR in the general population, and oxidative stress was likely to act as an intermediator in this process. These results suggest that eGFR can be a very good indicator of kidney damage caused by Cd exposure in the general population.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.159-175
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• 2021

This study attempted to analyze the relationship between influencer's characteristic factors such as professionalism, authenticity, and interactivity and content quality factors consisting of accuracy, completeness, and diversity on brand attitude and purchase attitude through trust and self-consistency. To reveal the structural relationship between main variables, a survey was conducted on 201 users. An EFA, CFA, and reliability analysis were performed to confirm reliability and validity. And structural equation was conducted to verify hypothesis. The main results are as follows. First, it was found that professionalism and interactivity had a significant positive effect on trust. And, accuracy, completeness, and variety were all found to have a significant positive effect on trust. Second, in the relationship between individual characteristic factors and self-consistency, it was found that professionalism and authenticity had a significant positive effect on self-consistency. In addition, in the relationship between content quality and self-consistency, accuracy, completeness, and diversity were found to have a positive effect on self-consistency along with trust. Third, in the relationship between trust and self-consistency on brand attitude and purchase intention, both trust and self-consistency were found to have a statistically significant positive effect on brand attitude. It was found that only self-consistency and brand attitude had a statistically significant positive effect on purchase intention. These findings showed that when users perceive professionalism and interaction with influencer, trust increases, and professionalism and progress increase self-consistency with influencer. In addition, in the case of content quality, it was found that trust and self-consistency responded positively when perceived content quality through content accuracy, completeness, and diversity. Also, trust and self-consistency increased attitudes toward brands and could influence consumption behavior such as purchase intention. Therefore, for effective marketing performance using influencer's influence in the field of influencer marketing, which has a strong information delivery on products and brands, not only personal characteristics such as professionalism, authenticity, and interactivity, but also quality of content should be considered. The above research results are expected to suggest implications for marketing strategies and practices as one available basic data to exert the expected effect of marketing using influencer.