• Anxiety and mood
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

Objective : To translate and adapt the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale into Korean and validate the Korean version of the social appearance anxiety scale, which measures the fear and anxiety about being negatively evaluated by others based on one's overall appearance, including body shape. Methods : For item translation and adaptation, six bilingual translators participated in the process of forward-adaptation and back-adaptation. Data were collected from undergraduate students. The sample size is 105 for Study 1 and 212 for Study 2. Classical item discrimination and difficulty analyses, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and reliability analysis were performed. Results : A unidimensional structure was found with a high internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.95) and a high test-retest reliability (r=0.918). In addition, the concurrent validity was examined by correlations of the scale and several other scales measuring constructs related to social appearance anxiety. Conclusion : K-SAAS appears to be a reliable and valid scale for screening and assessing social appearance anxiety.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.10 no.5 s.37
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• pp.161-170
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• 2005

The Certificate Revocation List(CRL) or the Online Certificate Status Protocol(OCSP)has been used to validate certificates. However, the CRL cannot validate certificates in realtime because of the Time-Gap problem and the OCSP server overloads in a large scale secure system. In addition, the client cannot access a wired LAN until the client has been authenticated by the authentication server on the IEEE 802. 1x framework. Therefore, the client cannot validate the authentication server's certificate using a certificate validation server. Thus, the client cannot authenticate the authentication server in realtime. To solve these problems this paper designed a secure system that can protect the content of communications and authenticate users in realtime on a wireless LAN The designed certificate validation protocol was proved that the stability and efficiency of the system was very high, the result of the validation had the presence, the speed of the validation was not affected by the system scale, the number of authorities user must trust was reduced to one, and the overload of the validation server was Protected. And the designed user authentication and key exchange protocols were Proved that the mutual authentication was possible in realtime and the fact of the authentication could be authorized by the CA because of using the authorized certificates.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.10
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• pp.3182-3195
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• 2021

The implementation and validation of multi-dimensional (multi-D) features in thermal-hydraulic system codes aims to extend the application of these codes towards multi-scale simulations. The main goal is the simulation of large-scale three-dimensional effects inside large volumes such as piping or vessel. This novel approach becomes especially relevant during the simulation of accidents with strongly asymmetric flow conditions entailing density gradients. Under such conditions, coolant mixing is a key phenomenon on the eventual variation of the coolant temperature and/or boron concentration at the core inlet and on the extent of a local re-criticality based on the reactivity feedback effects. This approach presents several advantages compared to CFD calculations, mainly concerning the model size and computational efforts. However, the range of applicability and accuracy of the newly implemented physical models at this point is still limited and needs to be further extended. This paper aims at contributing to the validation of the multi-D features of the system code ATHLET based on the simulation of the Tests 1.1 and 2.1, conducted at the test facility ROCOM. Overall, the multi-D features of ATHLET predict reasonably well the evolution from both experiments, despite an observed overprediction of coolant mixing at the vessel during both experiments.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.117-125
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate of a knowledge scale for lymphedema in patients with breast cancer. Methods: 34 preliminary items were made according to literature review, then verified content validity, construct validity, and reliability of the scale. 28 items among them were confirmed through content analysis by 4 experts. After a preliminary test, a survey for 156 breast cancer patients was performed for confirming construct validity and reliability. The data were analyzed using factor analysis, independent t-test, and KR-20. Results: This scale had 28 items consisting of 2 categories: prevention and self-care of lymphedema. Construct validity was confirmed by known-group technique because there were some categories consisted of just one or two items, and some mismatches between categories and items in factor analysis. Women who were educated about lymphedema scored significantly higher than women who had not (t=-3.92, p<.001). Reliability was appropriate (KR-20=.81). A percentage of correct answers was 74.6%, but it was from 31.8% to 96.1%. Conclusion: The study shows that this scale is reliable and valid to measure the knowledge of lymphedema. This scale can be effective to assess and educate the patients with breast cancer.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.133-161
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to translate and validate the Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale(LGBIS), which is a scale measuring the multidimensional identities of sexual minorities. For this, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis using a sample of 201 LGBs(homosexuals and bisexuals). Identical to the original scale, eight factors were extracted from the translated scale(i.e., concealment motivation, identity uncertainty, internalized homonegativity, difficult process, acceptance concerns, identity superiority, identity centrality, and identity affirmation), but one item was removed. In addition, the reliability coefficients of the eight factors except for concealment Motivation were satisfactory. The Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the 8-factor model had a good fit to the data. Finally, to verify the criterion validity, correlation among each eight factor and the scales measuring the identity related scale and the psychological-functioning scale were analyzed. In conclusion, the Korean version of the LGBIS consists of 8 factors and 26 items in total. Also it was found to be a valid measure for LGBS in Korea as well.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.375-389
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• 2018

This study aims to development and validation a tool to measure physical education teaching anxiety(PETA) among preservice special teacher. In order to achieve this study purpose, first, the preliminary items for measurement scale were collected through open-ended questions and were developed by inductive content analysis from the 100 preservice special teacher. Second, investigation for construct validity was conducted on exploratory factor analysis from the 100 preservice special teacher. Third, in the final process, verify exernal validity was conducted by confirmatory factor analysis and t-test from the 300 presevice special teacher. As a result, the measurement scale of physical education teaching anxiety(PETA) among preservice special teacher consists of 4 main factors with 14 items: pedagogical content knowledge(n=4), understanding students(n=4), class environment(n=3), class management(n=3) factors and this scale has enough suitability.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2003

Scale model measurements should be conducted under an actual sky or in a simulated sky where conditions can be held constant. A number of successful attempts have been made to develop artificial sky domes with man-made sun emulators. With reference to formerly-developed examples, sky simulator facility has recently been activated in oder to provide desirable sky conditions for teaching and studies. The structure is a 6m-diameter dome and promises to set various condition for energy related and lighting research activities. The sky dome is also equipped a heliodon, the tilt table, to facilitate additive direct sun impact under clear skies. Shading studies, using scale models with the heliodon, reveal how a building's design blocks or permits light's passage to the interior; solar access studies, and tests of the reflection and transmittance characteristics of new daylighting technologies. The design and construction specification and the initial operating experience with a building configuration are reported.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.237-259
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• 2015

Teachers in music(including Korean traditional music) gifted education are a significant variable in both identifying the giftedness of students and a successful instruction. The purpose of this study is to develop the Scale for Screening the Qualified Teachers for the Gifted in Korean traditional and western Music(SSQTGM), and to examine the validity and reliability of the SSQTGM. To achieve this purpose, this study administered the SSQTGM to 175 teachers of gifted students aged between 13 and 15 in middle schools for the arts. To validate the SSQTGM, I analyzed the criteria of the SSQTGM, and conducted an exploratory and confirmative factor analysis. I also examined an internal consistency. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, I finally collected 41 items of the SSQTGM. Futhermore, I could identify psychological constructs of the qualified teachers for the gifted in Korean traditional and western music. In consequence of the confirmative factor analysis, the model provided a good fit to observe data. As a result of the reliability analysis, the internal consistency of knowledge in the music(korean traditional music) verified cronbach's ${\alpha}=.937$, and the expertise of the class management and instruction verified cronbach's ${\alpha}=.942$. Also, the teachers' aptitude and personality verified cronbach's ${\alpha}=.963$. This result of the construct validation reflects the fact that the SSQTGM is an available scale that can be applied in gifted education field instantly.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.627-642
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a teacher's praise dispositions scale(TPDS). On the basis of a literature review of praise, we developed 19 Likert-type items to measure praise dispositions of elementary and secondary school teachers. The developed scale was examined with 342 teachers. With an exploratory factor analysis we extracted 3 sub-factors of the scale consisted of 16 items; frequency, intention, and standard of praise. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficients of sub-scales were from .60 to .85 and split-half reliabilities were from .60 to .84. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the suitability of three components model. It was found that some correlation coefficients, not all of them, between gratitude disposition and praise disposition were statistically significant. It suggested that teachers'praise disposition scale is related to gratitude disposition but is not the same scale. In conclusion, TPDS could be used to measure praise dispositions of teachers. However, for further validity and reliability, repeated research is necessary.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.507-522
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• 2015

In this study, some of the model verification results of STREAM (Spatio-Temporal River-basin Ecohydrology Analysis Model), a newly-developed hybrid watershed model, are presented for the runoff processes of nonpoint source pollution. For verification study of STREAM, the model was applied to a test watershed and a sensitivity analysis was also carried out for selected parameters. STREAM was applied to the Mankyung River Watershed to review the applicability of the model in the course of model calibration and validation against the stream flow discharge, suspended sediment discharge and some water quality items (TOC, TN, TP) measured at the watershed outlet. The model setup, simulation and data I/O modules worked as designed and both of the calibration and validation results showed good agreement between the simulated and the measured data sets: NSE over 0.7 and $R^2$ greater than 0.8. The simulation results also include the spatial distribution of runoff processes and watershed mass balance at the watershed scale. Additionally, the irrigation process of the model was examined in detail at reservoirs and paddy fields.