• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.380-383
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose a fuzzy group decision making method for multiple decision maker-multiple objective programming problems to obtain the agreeable solution. In the proposed method, considering the vague nature of human subjective judgement it is assumed that each of multiple decision makers has a fuzzy goal for each of his/her own objective functions. After eliciting the membership functions from the decision makers for their fuzzy goals, total M-Pareto optimal solution concept is defined in membership spaces in order to deal with multiple decision maker-multiple objective programming problems. For generating a candidate of the agreeable solution which is total M-Pareto optimal, the extended weighted minimax problem is formulated and solved for some weighting vector which is specified by the decision makers in their subjective manner, Given the total M-Pareto optimal solution, each of the derision makers must either be satisfied with the current values of the membership functions, or update his/her weighting vector, However, in general, it seems to be very difficult to find the agreeable solution with which all of the decision makers are satisfied perfectly because of the conflicts between their membership functions. In the proposed method, each of the decision makers is requested to estimate the degree of satisfaction for the candidate of the agreeable solution. Using the estimated values or satisfaction of each of the decision makers, the core concept is desnfied, which is a set of undominated candidates. The interactive algorithm is developed to obtain the agreeable solution which satisfies core conditions.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.63-79
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• 1993

The design of tunnels in rock masses often demands more informations on geologic features and rock mass properties than acquired by usual field survey and laboratory testings. In practice, the situation that a perfect set of geological and mechanical input data is given to geomechanics design engineer is rare, while the engineers are asked to achieve a high level of reliability in their design products. This study presents an artificial neural network which is developed to resolve the difficulties encountered in conventional design techniques, particulary the problem of deteriorating the confidence of existing numerical techniques such as the finite element, boundary element and distinct element methods due to the incomplete adn vague input data. The neural network has inferring capabilities to identify the possible failure modes, support requirements and its timing for underground openings, from previous case histories. Use of the neural network has resulted in a better estimate of the correlation between systems of rock mass classifications such as the RMR and Q systems. A back propagation learning algorithm together with a multi-layer network structure is adopted to enhance the inferential accuracy and efficiency of the neural network. A series of experiments comparing the results of the neural network with the actual field observations are performed to demonstrate the abilities of the artificial neural network as a new tunnel design assistance system.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.22-29
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• 2017

This paper investigates the evaluation criteria in order to manage healing environment of long-term care elderly hospital. Elderly hospital evaluation tool developed by Korean Government is used to assess elderly hospital facilities to check the hospital facility and maintain its quality. However, the evaluation indicators and questions mainly focusing on safety indicators. Some questions are too vague for precise evaluation. In this paper, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the present evaluation criteria to establish new assessment tool for precise evaluation. The literature research was conducted tp set up the new evaluation criteria. From this research, we developed an elderly focusing on healing environment checklist for elderly care hospital which contains 7 factors as the primary hierarchy structure (Safety, Accessibility, Amenity, Sensibility, Friendly to nature, Territory, Interaction) and 23 factors as the secondary hierarchy structure. This evaluation criteria will help healthcare facility designers and healthcare organizations to build the healthcare facilities.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1029-1038
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• 2014

Bayesian experimental design is a useful concept in applied statistics for the design of efficient experiments especially if prior knowledge in the experiment is available. However, a theoretical or numerical approach is not simple to implement. We review the concept of a Bayesian experiment approach for linear and nonlinear statistical models. We investigate relationships between prior knowledge and optimal design to identify Bayesian experimental design process characteristics. A balanced design is important if we do not have prior knowledge; however, prior knowledge is important in design and expert opinions should reflect an efficient analysis. Care should be taken if we set a small sample size with a vague improper prior since both Bayesian design and non-Bayesian design provide incorrect solutions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.3-8
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• 1998

The present work proposes the potential fuzzy framework, based on fuzzy set theory, for supporting decision-making problems, especially, selection problems of a best design in the area of nuclear energy system. The framework proposed is composed of the hierarchical structure module, the assignment module, the fuzzification module, and the defuzzification module. In the structure module, the relationship among decision objectives, decision criteria, decision sub-criteria, and decision alternatives is hierarchically structured. In the assignment module, linguistic or rank scoring approach can be used to assign subjective and/or vague values to the decision analyst's judgment on decision variables. In the fuzzification module, fuzzy numbers are assigned to these values of decision variables. Using fuzzy arithmetic operations, for each alternative, fuzzy preference index as a fuzzy synthesis measure is obtained. In the defuzzification module, using one of methods ranking fuzzy numbers, these indices are defuzzified to overall utility values as a cardinality measure determining final scores. According these values, alternatives of interest are ranked and an optimal alternative is chosen. To illustrate the applicability of the framework proposed to selection problem, as a case example, the best option choice of four design options under five decision criteria for primary containment wall thickening around large penetrations in an advanced nuclear energy system is studied.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.119-126
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• 2012

Recently, the breakdown of online banking servers and the leakage of customer information give rise to much concern about the security of information systems in financial and banking companies in Korea. The enforcement of security for information system becomes much more important issue than earlier. However, the security reinforcement of information system is restricted by a budget. In addition, the activities' cost to secure information system from threatening are under uncertain circumstances and should be established by a human decision maker who is basically uncertain and vague. Thus, making the budget for information system is exposed to any extent of the risk for these reasons. First, we introduce brief fuzzy set theory and fuzzy AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) methodology. Then, the cost elements that comprise yearly budget are presented and the priorities among the cost elements are calculated by fuzzy AHP. The cost elements that are exposed to risk are evaluated from the both perspectives of the risk impact and risk occurrence possibility which are expressed as linguistic terms. To get information on the risk profiles-pessimistic, most likely, and optimistic-for each cost element, the evaluation is accomplished and the result is presented. At last, the budget ranges-minimum, mode, maximum-for each cost element are estimated with the consideration of the risk profiles.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.2D
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• pp.315-322
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• 2011

The Korea government set a Act called as Before and After Study for a huge SOC projects in order to check their feasibility again at the time of design, construction and completion period. However, the evaluation items and analysis method are so vague that its effectiveness has been challenged. Especially railroad projects need to be evaluated differently by railroad construction types and rolling stocks. This paper suggests the evaluation items as a common items and exclusive items on the type of construction and rolling stocks. Also data collection in the standardized form and GIS techniques and are introduced to analyze evaluation items effectively.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

While human error has been one of the main technical issues from the early era of human factors engineering, it still remains hot and somewhat vague due to the various types of the concepts and words on human errors in practice. There may be some technical limitations hindering human error prevention activities. This paper introduces the human error activities described in the papers if this issue of ESK Journal according to a few criteria proposed for more effective technical review. And two basic technical issues are discussed on the concepts, perspectives, and classifications about human errors. Each activity shows its own artifacts associated with the safety purpose and the nature of the industry. This paper also provides a set of new technical bases proposed for a more effective management of human errors by considering the dependability, representativeness, and structuredness of human errors. Additionally, this paper includes some new challenges over the current prevention-oriented activities; positive utilizations of human errors to training/education, advertisements, fun and entertainments, and nudges.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.473-476
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• 2003

This paper presents a systematic risk assessment procedure with uncertainty modeling for general construction projects. Since the approach is able to effectively deal with all the related construction risks in terms of the assumed probability with conditional probability concept that systematically incorporate expert's experiences and subjective judgement, the proposed methods with uncertainty modeling is able to apply to all the construction projects inherent in lots of uncertain risk events. The fuzzy set theory is adopted to enhance risk assessment to effectively handle the vague and dynamic phenomenon of an event Therefore, the fuzzy-based risk assessment is very useful, for those countries, such as Korea, where objective probabilistic data for risk assessment is extremely rare, and thus the utilization of subjective judgmental data based on expert's experiences is inevitable.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.225-248
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• 1992

In this paper, word sense disambiguation methods utilizing a knowledge base based on a semantic network are introduced. The basic idea is to keep track of a set of paths in the knowledge base which correspond to the inctemental semantic interpretation of a input sentence. These paths are called the semantic paths. when the parser reads a word, the senses of this word which are not involved in any of the semantic paths are removed. Then the removal operation is propagated through the knowledge base to invoke the removal of the senses of other words that have been read before. This removal operation is called recusively as long as senses can be removed. This is called the recursive word sense removal. Concretion of a vague word's concept is one of the important word sense disambiguation methods. We introduce a method called the path adjustment that extends the conctetion operation. How to use semantic association or syntactic processing in coorporation with the above methods is also considered.