• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.93-98
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• 1997

The vaginal endoscopy was performed in two Labrador Retrievers from onset of vaginal bleeding until metestrus accompanying with vaginal smear and blood progesterone concentration to investigate estral changes, and the intrauterine infusion of radiopaque fluid using vaginal endoscope (rigid 25-degree endoscope, Karl Storz) was detected by radiogrphy to determine if theis technique is feasible for future artificial insemination in the dogs. During the proestrus vaginal mucous membrane folds were edematous and a large amount of clear red discharge was present. In the beginning of estrus, the mucous membrane folds was present and the amount of the red discharge was decreased. In the estrus there were obbvious shrinkage, angulation of the membrane folds and decreasing of the discharge. In metestrus the vaginal folds started to round out and the surface appeared moist and sticky. The endoscope used for endoscopic monitoring of the vaginal mucosa was advanced until the external os of the cervix could be visualized. A plastic catheter, 8Fr guage was manupulated into the cervical os and then advanced through into the uterus. The radiopaque fluid was injected into the uterus through the catheter and radiographs taken to detect the site of insemination using the endoscopic technique revealed the exact infusion of the fluid in the uterus, consequentlyto prove that this technique is usable for more successful artificial insemintion tn the bitch.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.1490-1500
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• 2021

Various microorganisms reside in the human vagina; the vaginal microbiome is closely linked to both vaginal and general health, and for this reason, microbiome studies of the vagina are an area of research. In this study, we analyzed the vaginal microbiome of women before and after menopause to further increase our understanding of the vaginal microbiome and its contribution to general health. We did a 16s rRNA gene-based metagenomic analysis on the vaginal fluids of 11 premenopausal and 19 postmenopausal women in Korea. We confirmed that the taxonomic composition was significantly different between the two groups. In postmenopausal women, species richness was significantly decreased, but species diversity was significantly increased. In particular, among the taxonomic components corresponding to all taxon ranks of the vaginal microbiome, a reduction in Lactobacillus taxa after menopause contributed the most to the difference between the two groups. In addition, we confirmed through metabolic analysis that the lactic-acid concentration was also decreased in the vaginal fluid of women after menopause. Our findings on the correlation between menopause and the microbiome could help diagnose menopause and enhance the prevention and treatment diseases related to menopause.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.277-281
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• 2013

RNA analysis has become a reliable method of body fluid identification for forensic use. Previously, we developed a combination of four multiplex quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) probes to discriminate four different body fluids (blood, semen, saliva, and vaginal secretion). While those makers successfully identified most body fluid samples, there were some cases of false positive and negative identification. To improve the accuracy of the identification further, we tried to use multiple markers per body fluid and adopted the NanoString nCounter system instead of a multiplex qRT-PCR system. After measuring tens of RNA markers, we evaluated the accuracy of each marker for body fluid identification. For body fluids, such as blood and semen, each body fluid-specific marker was accurate enough for perfect identification. However, for saliva and vaginal secretion, no single marker was perfect. Thus, we designed a logistic regression model with multiple markers for saliva and vaginal secretion and achieved almost perfect identification. In conclusion, the NanoString nCounter is an efficient platform for measuring multiple RNA markers per body fluid and will be useful for forensic RNA analysis.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.133-141
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• 1988

본 연구는 polyacryiamide gel등을 전기영동을 응용, 보존시간에 따른 정액반, 질액반 등에서 PGM$_1$아형의 검출 및 효소활성의 안전성을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. (1). 정액반의경우, 실온에서 보존후 7일에는 85%,14일에는 15%의 PGM$_1$아형의 판정이 가능하였고, 21일에는 전혀 판정이 불가능 하였다. (2). 질액반의 경우, 실온에서 보존 후 7일에는 675의 PGM$_1$아형의 판정이 가능하였으나, 14일에는 전혀 불가능 하였다. 한편, 질액에 정액이 혼합된 경우, 질액의 PGM$_1$아형을 판정함으로서, 정액의 PGM$_1$아형의 추정이 가능하였다. 이 결과를 통하여 실제 법생물학 분야에 활용이 가능하다고 인정하였다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2022

Vaginal microbiome deeply influences vaginal health via production of messenger molecules. The healthy vaginal pH ranges between 3.5 and 4.5. However, dysbiosis of vaginal microbiome increases the pH level, leading to the incidence of vaginitis. The commensal vaginal bacterium Dermabacter vaginalis-which was isolated from the vaginal fluid of a Korean female-was incubated in acidic and neutral pH to simulate healthy and vaginitis conditions, respectively. The chemical profiles of the two different cultures were compared using HPLC. The compound showing distinctive difference between the two sets of data was presumed to be a chemical messenger, which was identified as cyclo(L-pro-L-met) by analysis of NMR, MS, and specific rotation data. Synthesis was achieved in three steps (overall yield 15%), enabling structure confirmation and antimicrobial evaluation against vaginal pathogens. Cyclo(L-pro-L-met) showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans, a major cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2009

In dogs, correct diagnosis of estrus is important and the exact time of ovulation can be determined by variouse methods. Vaginal cytology has commonly used in conjunction with the physical examination, clinical history, vaginoscopy, and hormonal assays to determine the stage of the reproductive cycle. This study was therefore investigated the effectiveness of direct ovulation detector designed by changes of electrical resistance in vaginal mucus following different estrus cycles with several methods; vaginal cytology, concentration of plasma estrogen and progesterone, and direct examination by laparotomy. A total of 12 bitches was selected for the study and observed estrus signs. The bitches were evaluated clinical sign (vulvar swelling and bleeding), cytological examination (keratocyte and RBC), electrical resistance, plasma estrogen and progesterone concentration for estrus assessment. Accuracy of ovulation detection by vaginal cytology was significantly (p<0.05) lower than those by electrical resistance and plasma progesterone concentration, based on the confirmation by laparotomy. Vaginal smear is not confidential method compared to detection of electrical resistance and plasma progesterone concentration at ovulation. Although the value of electrical resistance was varied at the same points of estrus in individuals, ovulation was occurred at the first day which shown the peak of electrical resistance and mating time was third day after peak. In conclusion, ovulation detector designed by changes of electrical resistance is an effective and economic instrument for predicting estrus and ovulation in bitches.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.135-139
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• 2018

There has been a significant increase in the number of multiple pregnancies that are associated with a high risk of preterm delivery among Korean women. However, to date, delayed-interval delivery in women with multiple pregnancy is rare. We report a case of delayed-interval delivery performed 128 days after the vaginal delivery of the first fetus in a dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy. The patient presented with vaginal leakage of amniotic fluid at 16 weeks of gestation and was diagnosed with a preterm premature rupture of membranes. Three days later, the first twin was delivered, but the neonate died soon after. The second twin remained in utero, and we decided to retain the fetus in utero to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with a preterm birth. The patient was managed with antibiotics and tocolytics. Cervical cerclage was not performed. The second twin was delivered vaginally at 34 weeks and 5 days of gestation, 128 days after the delivery of the first-born fetus. This neonate was healthy and showed normal development during the 1-year follow-up period. Based on our experience with this case, we propose that delayed-interval delivery may improve perinatal survival and decrease morbidity in the second neonate in highly selected cases.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.474-477
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• 1999

A four-year old bitch which showed occasional hemomorragic exudate from the vulva for two weeks after the previous estrus 7 months ago was ovariohysterectomied. About 200m1 of sanguineous fluid was flowed out from the uterus and some scattered blood clots were found in both uterine horns. Hematometra of the bitch which was presumed to occur during the proestrus two weeks ago was thought to progress into early pyometra at the time of diagnosis. To diagnose hematometra, vaginal examination using vaginal speculum or vaginoscope and hematological examination were performed. Radiography and ultrasonography were also proved to be of use to diagnose hematometra. Treatment for hematometra was considered to be the same as for the case of pyometra.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.374-376
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• 2017

This report describes a case of postpartum uterine rupture associated with retained placenta and sequential acute metritis, not dystocia. A 14-month-old Bichon Frise bitch presented with continuous vaginal bleeding. She delivered five puppies 3 days ago and expelled four placentas on the next day. After then, anorexia, acute depression with continuous vaginal haemorrhage developed. Plain radiography showed decreased serosal detail, and ultrasonography showed irregularly thickened uterine wall and ascites. Blood-tinged peritoneal fluid was an exudate with bacteria. Ovariohysterectomy was curative for the patient, and four full-thickness perforated holes were identified on both sides of the uterine horns.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.144-148
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• 2022

Imperforate hymen is a rare congenital disorder that may predispose to retention of fluid in the vagina and uterus, thereby resulting in conditions such as hematocolpos, pyocolpos, and pyocolpometra in female dogs. A 7-year-old intact female shih tzu exhibiting abdominal distension, depression, anorexia, dysuria, dyschezia, and tenesmus was diagnosed with pyocolpos; a 9-year-old intact female Yorkshire terrier with abdominal mass, dysuria, and tenesmus was diagnosed with hematocolpos; and a 7-year-old intact female shih tzu with dysuria, dyschezia, anorexia, and vomiting was diagnosed with pyocolpometra. Ovariohysterectomy and partial vaginectomy were performed, and the blind end of the vaginal stump was omentalized. This clinical report provide diagnostic process and surgical treatment option for congenital vaginal obstruction cases.