• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.226-237
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• 2024

Ticks, blood-sucking ectoparasites, spread diseases to humans and animals. Haemaphysalis longicornis is a significant vector for tick-borne diseases in medical and veterinary contexts. Identifying protective antigens in H. longicornis for an anti-tick vaccine is a key tick control strategy. Enolase, a multifunctional protein, significantly converts D-2-phosphoglycerate and phosphoenolpyruvate in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in cell cytoplasm. This study cloned a complete open reading frame (ORF) of enolase from the H. longicornis tick and characterized its transcriptional and silencing effect. We amplified the full-length cDNA of the enolase gene using rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The complete cDNA, with an ORF of 1,297 nucleotides, encoded a 432-amino acid polypeptide. Enolase of the Jeju strain H. longicornis exhibited the highest sequence similarity with H. flava (98%), followed by Dermacentor silvarum (82%). The enolase motifs identified included N-terminal and C-terminal regions, magnesium binding sites, and several phosphorylation sites. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis indicated that enolase mRNA transcripts were expressed across all developmental stages of ticks and organs such as salivary gland and midgut. RT-PCR showed higher transcript levels in syn-ganglia, suggesting that synganglion nerves influence enolase's role in tick salivary glands. We injected enolase double-stranded RNA into adult unfed female ticks, after which they were subsequently fed with normal unfed males until they spontaneously dropped off. RNA interference significantly (P<0.05) reduced feeding and reproduction, along with abnormalities in eggs (no embryos) and hatching. These findings suggest enolase is a promising target for future tick control strategies.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.115-124
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• 1990

These experiments were undertaken as a basic study to develop immunocontraceptive vaccine and to understand the role of zona pellucidae in early fertilization process by investigating the effect of monoclonal and polyclonal antibody to porcine zona pellucidae and polyclonal antibody to mouse zona pellucidae on the fertilization of porcine and mouse eggs in vitro. The results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows : 1. Treatment of porcine and mouse eggs with undiluted anti-zona serum produced intense precipitation layer on the poricne and mouse zonae, respectively, thus resulting in the total inhibition of sperm adherence on surface of zona. 2. In vitro fertilization of eggs pre-treated with 0.3∼10% of various antibodies was examined, and resulting in that 5 and 10% of rabbit polyclonal antibodies to porcine zona inhibited completely both in vitro fertilization and polyspermy of porcine eggs while monoclonal to porcine zona and rabbit polyclonal antibody to mouse zona did not inhibit in vitro fertilization but monoclonal antibody reduced the rate of polyspermy compared to that of control group. Almost the same results were obtained in the study on the effect of anti-zona serum on in vitro fertilization of mouse eggs.

• 생약학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.196-203
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• 1989

Experimental studies were conducted to investigate the effect of Sagan-Tang on analgesic, sedative, antipyretic, isolated ileum and blood vessel and so on. The results of this investigation were summarized as follows; Analgesic action by the acetic acid stimulating method in mice were recognized. Prolonging action against the hypnotic duration induced by thiopental-Na was noted in mice. Antipyretic effect in typhoid vaccine febrile rats was recognized. Spontaneous motility of the isolated ileum of mice was suppressed and contractions of the isolated ileum of mice and guinea-pig induced by accetylcholine chloride, barium chloride and histamine were remarkably inhibited. Vaso-diating and hypotensive actions were recognized in rabbits. GOT and GPT activities in the serum of rats damaged by $CCl_4$ and galactosamine were decreased remarkably.

• 대한수의사회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.317-322
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• 1977

[ $C_{3}H$ ] 생쥐의 피부를 조금 떼어내서 조직배양을 하며 배양액중 3, 4-benzpyrene을 첨명하여 종양조직으로 진화시킨 다음, 알카리로 처리하여 enhancing factor를 법한 후에 adjuvant와 함께 원래 피부를 제공했던 생쥐의 복강내에 주사하면, 3,4-banzpyrene의 피하주사에 의한 발암작용을 미리 방지할 수 있었다. 상기의 실험성적을 토대로 하여 저자는 암에 대한 vaccine,의 개발이 가능한 것이라고 고찰한다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권12호
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• pp.489-500
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• 2011

Compared to the past decades, in recent decades, environmental and hygienic conditions in the Republic of Korea have improved along with socioeconomic developments, and the incidence of most infectious diseases, especially vaccine-preventable diseases, has greatly decreased due to active immunization with the developed level of health care. However, the incidence of some diseases has been increasing, and new diseases have been emerging. To cope with such changes actively, the government put the "Law for Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases" into effect; this law was entirely revised on December 30, 2010. In this report, I review the past and recent status of infectious diseases in the Republic of Korea, following the introduction of this law, on the basis of data in the "National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System", which had been accumulated between the years 1960 and 2010.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2011

Invasive Candida infections (ICI) have become the third most common cause of late-onset infection among premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Risk factors include birth weight less than 1,000 g, exposure to more than two antimicrobials, third generation cephalosporin exposure, parenteral nutrition including lipid emulsion, central venous catheter, and abdominal surgery. Candida colonization of the skin and gastrointestinal tract is an important first step in the pathogenesis of invasive disease. Strict infection control measures against the infection should be done in the NICU. The following practices are likely to contribute to reducing the rate of ICI: (1) restriction of broad-spectrum antibiotics, antacids and steroid; (2) introduction of early feeding and promoting breast milk. Fluconazole prophylaxis may be an effective control measure to prevent Candida colonization and infections in individual units with high incidence of fungal infection. In addition, there is a need of further data including the development of resistant strains and the effect on long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants exposed to drugs before the initiation of routine application of antifungal prophylaxis in the NICU.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2015

Herpes zoster (HZ) is a transient disease caused by the reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus (VZV) in spinal or cranial sensory ganglia. It is characterized by a painful rash in the affected dermatome. Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the most troublesome side effect associated with HZ. However, PHN is often resistant to current analgesic treatments such as antidepressants, anticonvulsants, opioids, and topical agents including lidocaine patches and capsaicin cream and can persist for several years. The risk factors for reactivation of HZ include advanced age and compromised cell-mediated immunity (CMI). Early diagnosis and treatment with antiviral agents plus intervention treatments is believed to shorten the duration and severity of acute HZ and reduce the risk of PHN. Prophylactic vaccination against VZV can be the best option to prevent or reduce the incidence of HZ and PHN. This review focuses on the pathophysiology, clinical features, and management of HZ and PHN, as well as the efficacy of the HZ vaccine.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2007

Liposome-entrapped atypical Aeromonas hydrophila antigen was prepared to investigate the potential protective efficacy for A. hydrophila infection. Carp (Cyprinus carpio) were immunized orally with liposome-entrapped A. hydrophila antigen. After immunization, significantly more antigen-specific antibodies were detected in serum, intestinal mucus and bile than non-immunized control group. The immunized carp were then challenged by immersion with $1{\times}10^{6}$ cfu/ml of A. hyrdophila for 60 min. Of the eight non-immunized carp, three carp died (62.5% survival), whereas five out of six (83.5%) of the immunized survived. Furthermore, development of skin ulcers was significantly inhibited in carp immunized with liposomes containing A. hydrophila antigen. These results suggest that liposomes containing A. hydrophila antigen have a potential for induction of protective immune responses against atypical A. hydrophila infection and also suggest the possibility of developing a vaccine that may ultimately be used for prevention of fish diseases.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.291-303
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• 2008

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of commercial swine mycoplasma vaccine (M+$Pac^{(R)}$, Schering-Plough Animal HealthCo.) at different vaccination time points. Total 139 piglets were moved to experimental farm after weaning and were randomly allocated to 3 treatment groups and 1 control group. Piglets of 3 treatment groups (A, B and C) were vaccinated twice at 1 and 3 weeks (A group), 3 and 5 weeks (B), and 6 and 8 weeks (C), respectively. All vaccinates showed higher antibody titers compared with nonvaccinates, and maintained to finish (P<0.001). Performance and RBC/WBC count showed no significant difference between groups. Vaccinates at 6-8 weeks showed better effect on decrease of clinical sign compared with vaccinates at 1-3 weeks and 3-5 weeks and nonvaccinates. Also, lung lesion assessment showed significant difference between vaccinates at 3-5 weeks and 6-8 weeks, and nonvaccinates and vaccinates at 1-3 weeks (P<0.05). Vaccinates at 3-5 score in comparison with other groups. In conclusion, these results suggested that vaccination at 3-5 weeks or later may be more effective than earlier vaccination.

• 생약학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.178-192
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• 1983

Polygalae Radix was used as diuretics, analgesics and expertorants in oriental medicine. The root of Polygala tenuifolia Willd. (Polygalaceae) is comprised saponin (Onjisaponin A,B,C,D,E,F and G) polygalitol, onsitin and sugars. The pharmacological action of crude Polygala-saponin (PS) obtained from the roots are studied. The following results were obtained; 1) The median lethal dose $(LD_{50})$ of PS in mice is presented 71.1mg/kg s.c. and 694. 5mg/kg p.o.. 2) PS demonstrated diuretic action of relatively long acting duration in mice. 3) The diuretic mechanism of PS was found due to inhibitory effect of renal tubular reabsorption of electrolytes and glomerular vascular dilatation. 4) The group, administered simultaneously PS and cefadroxil monobydrate was significantly increased with PS alone group on diuretic action. Synergistic effect cefadroxil monohydrate on the diuretic action of PS seems due to competitive inhibition of plasma protein binding with PS. 5) PS demonstrated analgesic action by the acetic acid stimulating method and Randall-Selitto test in mice. 6) PS presented antipyretic action against febrile treated with the typhoid vaccine. 7) PS was significantly prolonged against the hypnotic duration of pentobarbital in mice. 8) Onset time convulsion and death induced by picrotoxin and strychnine in mice were not delayed. According to the above results, the PS was identified as a pharmacological active component obtained from roots of Polygala tenuifolia Willd.