• PNF and Movement
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.365-376
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• 2018

Purpose: This study investigates research trends in the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) and Movement journal. Methods: This study analyzes the frequency of keywords and their coincidences with medical subject headings (MeSH) over 15 years in 315 papers from volume 1, issue 1 to volume 15, issue 3 of a journal published by the Korean Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Association. The research types and levels are also analyzed, and the journals are classified by subject, diagnosis, application of PNF, and technique used when PNF is applied. All of the variables are classified in five-year units and their trends are examined. Results: A total of 315 papers were published in 40 issues, and 1190 keywords were used over 15 years. The most frequently used keyword was "PNF." For the keywords that coincided with the MeSH, there were 235 (19.74%) complete coincidence words, 167 (14.03%) incomplete coincidence words, and 788 (66.21%) complete incoincidence words. Thus, the number of complete incoincidence words was the largest. For research types, there were 196 (61.90%) experimental studies, which was the most studied research type. For research levels, there were 155 (49.21%) Level 3 studies (non-randomized trial), which was the research level with the largest number of papers. Normal people were the most common subjects (121 cases, 38.41%), and the number of papers that did not use PNF was 187 (59.37%), which was larger than those that used PNF. The most frequently used combination technique was isotonics when PNF was used. Conclusion: Basic data on PNF-related research was obtained by analyzing papers published over the past 15 years. This information can be used to suggest future directions for PNF research.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.263-274
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• 2019

Purpose: This article was conducted to determine the immediate effects of unilateral contract-relax (CR) stretching on contralateral knee extension range and to compare both sides of the knee extension range between experimental and control groups. Methods: This study recruited 16 adult males and females with straight leg raising abilities below $90^{\circ}$. The subjects were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group comprising 8 subjects each. The experimental group performed direct CR stretching on the right hamstring muscles with straight hip extension adduction, and the control group performed indirect CR stretching on the right hamstring muscles with straight hip flexion abduction. Each group performed CR stretching 4 times with 4 repetitions comprising 10 sec of contraction and a 10 sec break between repetitions. Before and after the CR stretching exercises, the subjects' passive knee extensions were measured at the hip in a $90^{\circ}$ flexed position. The subjects' peak force on the right leg and peak pressure on the left leg during each CR stretching exercise were also measured. Results: After doing CR stretching 4 times, each group showed a significantly increased passive knee extension range on both sides, and there was no difference in the passive knee extension ranges between the groups. The peak force on the right leg was significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group. There was no difference in peak pressure between the groups. Conclusion: After applying unilateral CR stretching, the study subjects experienced a significantly increased passive knee extension range on the contralateral side. For patients who find it difficult to apply stretching techniques to knee joints directly, the use of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique of CR stretching may be useful in improving the range of the knee joint on the contralateral side without direct treatment.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.107-126
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• 2009

An Airport is important space and even stands for the country because diverse people from other countries use a variety of facilities in the gateway to the country. Therefore, It is urgent for those people to increase efficiency and convenience of its usage and also. It's worth accumulating those know-how and technologies. In this situation, Incheon International Airport aiming to be a hub of north-east Asia need to focus more on restructuring general process of passenger's travel based on PI perspectives then simply improving a process of passenger's travel and have been trying to realize the process based on Innovation perspectives with following precess innovation consisting 5 steps And to conclude, this study will help Incheon International Airport to be innovative in a system of passenger's travel service related to a utility of airport and then achieve a hub Airport of North-East Asia.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.79-83
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined training using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) patterns and treadmills on the balance and walking ability of stroke patients. Methods: Twenty-three stroke patients were randomized into a control group (n=11), receiving only treadmill training and an experimental group (n=12) receiving combined training. The use of both PNF exercise and treadmill were implemented in the combined training. Interventions were performed 5 times a week for 6 weeks. Balance ability was measured by a timed up and go (TUG) test. Walking ability was measured by a 10-meter walk test (10MWT) and a 6-minute walk test (6MWT). A paired t-test was used to compare differences between pre- and post-intervention and independent t-tests were used to compare between groups. Results: Changes in TUG, 10MWT, and 6MWT before and after interventions were significantly different for both the experimental group and the control group (p<0.05). In addition, within-group changes in the TUG, 10MWT, and 6MWT were more effective in the experimental group than in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Combined training using PNF techniques and treadmills may be useful in improving the balance and walking ability of stroke patients.

• 한국BIM학회 논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

Since its beginning the military has continued updating its equipments and facilities by modernizing and expanding them. However, with rapidly growing technologies and business management skills, the time for military facilities' evolvement seems unavoidable. The Defense Installations Agency (DIA) has come to a conclusion that application of BIM is necessary. Since its decision, the DIA has been researching the use of BIM and developing guidelines for its application. Nevertheless, the speed of instructions and practical implementation of its model have been behind its plan due to various reasons. To overcome its limitations, the DIA has come up with three-step-solution: basic experience, budgeting, and expansion. Due to numerous number of projects of BIM, it is almost impractical to implement all of them concurrently. The methodological approach of the research employs the Delphi survey method to quantitatively analyze qualitative information drawn from experts' opinions. By applying the Delphi survey method, the first round of the survey drew lists of constraints, BIM application scenarios as well as BIM promotion measures. Afterwards, at the second round of the survey, criticality of each item collected at the 1st round was analyzed to reach a conclusion. Finally, constraints against BIM application were analyzed, and BIM application scenarios and promotion measures for the BIM were introduced.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine changes in functional assessment measures (FAMs) and spatiotemporal gait parameters (STGPs) in healthy older adults before and after a 6-week intervention of a proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) training program. Methods: Thirty healthy older adults (mean age: $73.37{\pm}1.21$ age range: 65-79) were randomly assigned either to an experimental group (participating in a 6-week intervention of PNF training) or a control group (only performing daily activities). Participants in the control group did not receive any training program. Performance was assessed by recording changes in the FAMs and STGPs using functional assessment tools and GAITRite. Results: Participants in the PNF group showed significantly improved functional assessment measures and increased stride length, cadence, velocity, and step width (p<0.05). No significant differences in FAMs and STGPs were found in the control group (p>0.05). Conclusion: Participation in a PNF training program improves FAMs and STGPs, thereby increasing the ability of healthy older adults to maintain dynamic balance during functional performance and gait. These findings support the use of PNF training programs as effective fall-prevention programs for the elderly.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.11-28
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• 2015

스마트폰의 일상화로 모바일 중심의 라이프 스타일이 확산되면서, 모바일을 기반으로 하는 모바일 뱅킹, 쇼핑 등의 이용이 증가하고 있다. 또한 최근 금융과 IT기술이 결합된 신조어인 Fintech(Financial + Technology)의 등장과 함께, IT기반의 금융시장은 더 확대될 것으로 보인다. 이러한 추세에 따라서, 지급결제 수단으로서의 모바일 신용카드에 대한 기업 및 국가적 차원의 관심 및 투자가 증가하고 있으나, 소비자의 실제적인 확산 및 이용은 낮은 수준에 있다. 이러한 점을 고려하여 본 연구에서는 모바일 신용카드 이용 및 확산을 위한 요인이 무엇인지를 파악하기 위하여 확산이론(Innovation Diffusion Theory)과 후기수용모형(Post Acceptance Model)을 바탕으로 연구모형을 구성하였다. 설문조사를 통해 분석 자료를 수집하고, 연구모형을 분석한 결과, 인지된 용이성, 이미지, 적합성, 촉진의 4가지 요인이 사용자 만족에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것이 확인되었다. 또한, 모바일 신용카드에 대한 사용자 만족은 모바일 신용카드 지속사용의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 집단 간 비교연구에서는 플라스틱 신용카드보다 모바일 신용카드 이용금액이 많은 집단에서 촉진이 사용자 만족에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 상대적으로 모바일카드 이용금액이 적은 집단에서는 인지된 용이성과 이미지가 사용자 만족에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 모바일 신용카드 활성화를 위한 정부 및 기업의 마케팅에 있어서의 전략적 가이드라인을 제공할 것으로 기대하며, 또한 상대적으로 부족한 모바일 신용카드 연구에 초기 단계 연구로서의 가치를 지닐 것으로 기대한다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2010

Pupose : This study aimed to examine the Influence of stregthening for Transverse abdominis and resistive breathing exercise to use PNF on fulmonary functions and static sitting posture in adult stroke patient. Methods : Left hemi-plegic patient was masured pulmonary function test and analyzed sitting posture of alignment at pre intervention and post-intervention in 4weeks. Results : The pulmonary functions was increased and changed good alignment of trunk on sitting position after treatments. Conclusion : We were found that stregthening for Transverse abdominis and resistive breathing exercise to use PNF could improve pulmonary functions and sitting posture for stroke patient.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.171-186
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• 1998

While one main stream of research in GDSS (Group Decision Support System) is to investigate how GDSS affects decision-making performances of groups according to task types, support features, meeting facilitation modes and meeting environments. little study h3s been done about how group characteristics affect group decision processes and outcomes depending upon GDSS is provided or not. So far, most GDSS research has considered group characteristics (e.g. personality homogeneity) as given and did not include it as control variables in experiments. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate how members of two different groups perceive the use of GDSS in group meetings through lab experiments. The two groups are homogeneous and heterogeneous groups in terms of members' personality mix. This research found that the effect of GDSS is a function of groups' personality homogeneity in regards of the satisfaction on decision process and the communication thoroughness. The support of GDSS and the group homogeneity are proved to influence participant's perception about some dependent variables such as satisfaction on decision process.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2000

One stream of the GDSS(Group Decision Support System) research is to investigate how GDSS affects decision performances of small groups according to task types, support features, meeting facilitation modes and meeting environments. But little study has investigated the effects of group member characteristics on group decision processes and outcomes depending upon whether GDSS is provided or not. To date, most GDSS studies have not controlled group member characteristics(e,g. personality, sex, decision style) in laboratory experiments. However, this study included the decision styles of group members as an independent variable. Therefore, this study investigated how differently members of two different decision styles perceive the use of GDSS in small group meetings through lab experiments. The two decision styles are feeling(F) style and thinking(T) style. We found that the effect of GDSS is a function of individual's decision style only in the communication thoroughness variable. The decision style is a statistically significant factor that can mediate the effects of the group support technology on the perceived communication thoroughness. Specifically, the GDSS is positively related to participants' perception about satisfaction on decision process, goal achievement, communication thoroughness, degree of influence-outward and effort for achieving meeting goals.