• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.577-584
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• 2007

Uroflowmetry is non-invasive and easily performed to diagnose benign prostatic hypertrophy(BPH) frequent in aged men. Weight change during urination is usually measured to estimate the urinary flow rate by a load cell, but sensitive to any impacts against the bottom of the container, leading to unnecessary noise generation. Moreover, load cells are relatively expensive raising the production cost. The present study proposed a new technique, measuring hydraulic pressure on the bottom of the urine container to evaluate the urinary volume. Low cost pressure transducer enabled almost perfectly linear relationship between the urine volume and the hydraulic pressure. During both the simulated and human urination experiments, variance of the pressure signal was more than 50% smaller than the weight signal acquired by a load cell, which demonstrated that the impact noise was decreased to a great degree by pressure compared to weight measurement.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 1981

This study was attempted to investigate the action of debrisoquine, a sympathetic blocking agent presently employed in treating hypertension, on renal function and to elucidate the mechanism of its action. Debrisoquine, given intravenously, elicited increased urine flow, osmolar and free water clearances, along with marked increases in excretion of both sodium and potassium. Glomerular filtration rate also increased, but renal plasma flow tended to decrease, so that the filtration fraction tended to increase. Rates of reabsorption of sodium and potassium in renal tubules were also significantly diminished. The diuresis induced by debrisoquine was completely blocked by treatment with phentolamine and reserpine, and also markedly inhibited by acute renal denervation. Debrisoquine, when injected directly into a renal artery, produced antidiuretic effect and a reduction in urinary excretion of sodium and potassium, along with diminished renal plasma flow and increased filtration fraction. The above observations indicate that debrisoquine, when given intravenously, induces diuresis in the dog as a result of both diminished tubular reabsorption of electrolytes and of renal hemodynamic changes, which seem to be related to its inhibitory action of catecholamine-release from the sympathetic nerve endings.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.323-327
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• 2009

This study was to investigate the role of complementary and alternative medicine in the prevention and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. For this purpose, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed over 12 months on 47 benign prostatic hyperplasia patients with average age of 53.3 years and international prostate symptom score over 8. Subjects received either sweet potato starch (group A, placebo, 320 mg/day), pumpkin seed oil (group B, 320 mg/day), saw palmetto oil (group C, 320 mg/day) or pumpkin seed oil plus saw palmetto oil (group D, each 320 mg/day). International prostate symptom score, quality of life, serum prostate specific antigen, prostate volume and maximal urinary flow rate were measured. In groups B, C and D, the international prostate symptom score were reduced by 3 months. Quality of life score was improved after 6 months in group D, while those of groups B and C were improved after 3 months, compared to the baseline value. Serum prostate specific antigen was reduced only in group D after 3 months, but no difference was observed in prostate volume in all treatment groups. Maximal urinary flow rate were gradually improved in groups B and C, with statistical significance after 6 months in group B and after 12 months in group C. None of the parameters were significantly improved by combined treatment with pumpkin seed oil and saw palmetto oil. From these results, it is suggested that administrations of pumpkin seed oil and saw palmetto oil are clinically safe and may be effective as complementary and alternative medicine treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.423-431
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• 2009

Standard uroflowmetry measures the urine weight using single load cell to evaluate the urinary flow rate. Impact noise should be introduced due to gravity when the urine stream falls down into the container upon the load cell. The present study placed three load cells on the three vertices of a regular triangle and the three signals were ensemble averaged to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) regardless of how the urination was made. Simulated urination experiment was performed with three different urine collection methods. In all three methods, SNR of the averaged signal was much higher than each load cell signals. With no urine collection device, the present signal averaging technique resulted in SNR values higher by 10~15 dB than when dual funnels or upper funnel were used to guide the urine stream. Therefore, it was demonstrated that the three point measurement followed by with ensemble averaging could enable accurate uroflowmetric test without any specially made urine collection devices.

• Journal of Menopausal Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2018

Objectives: To investigate the rate of postoperative urinary retention (POUR) and identify the risk factors for this complication in women who underwent transvaginal uterosacral suspension surgery. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for 75 women who underwent transvaginal uterosacral suspension surgery with vaginal hysterectomy, repair of cystocele, and levator myorrhaphy with/without transobturator anti-incontinence surgery. POUR was defined as a need for continuous intermittent catheterization on the third day subsequent to removal of the urethral indwelling catheter. Results: Acute POUR was reported in 18 women (24.0%). Thirty-six of the 75 patients (48.0%) had undergone anti-incontinence surgery. Crude analysis revealed significant association between the following variables and the risk of POUR: hypertension, the lower average flow rate in the pressure-flow study (PFS), greater post-void residual (PVR) urine volume in PFS, and PVR >30% of the total bladder capacity (TBC) in PFS. In the logistic regression analysis, PVR >30% of the TBC in PFS was identified as the only significant predictor of POUR (odds ratio, 15.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.5-90.9; P = 0.003). Conclusions: The PVR >30% of the TBC in PFS was identified as the only predictive factor of acute POUR in women who underwent transvaginal uterosacral suspension surgery.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.170-177
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• 1999

PEG-hemoglobin SB1 (SB1), which is a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier, is intended to use as a safe blood substitute against brain ischemia and stroke. The general pharmacological profiles of SB1 were studied. The doses given were 0, 5, 10, 20 ml/kg and drugs were administered intravenously. The animals used for this study were mouse, rat and guinea pig. SB1 showed no effects on general behavior, motor coordination, spontaneous locomotor activity, hexobarbital sleeping time, anticonvulsant activity, analgesic activity, blood pressure and heart rate, left ventricular peak systolic pressure, left ventricular end diastolic pressure, left ventricular developing pressure, double product, heart rate, coronary flow rate, smooth muscle contraction using guinea pig ileum, gastrointestinal transport, gastric secretion, urinary volume and electrolyte excretion at all doses tested except the decrease of body temperature. These findings demonstrated that SB1 possesses no general pharmacological effects at all doses tested.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 2002

In this study general pharmacological profiles of KI-60606 on the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system and the other organs were investigated. The dosages given were 0,5, 10 and 25 mg/kg and drugs were administered intravenously. The animals used for this study were mice, rats, cats and guinea pigs. KI-60606 showed no effects on general behavior, motor coordination, spontaneous locomotor activity, hexobarbital-induced hypnosis time, body temperature, analgesic activity, anticonvulsant activity and contraction of nictitating membrane in cats. Furthermore KI-60606 showed no effects on blood pressure, heart rate, LVP (left ventricular peak systolic pressure), LVEDP (left ventricular end diastolic pressure), LVDP (left ventricular developing pressure), DP(double product), CFR(coronary flow rate), smooth muscle contraction using guinea pig ileum and gastric secretion at all dosage tested except the increase of gastrointestinal transport and urinary $K^+$ excretion.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.125-136
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• 1989

This study was investigated to clarify the effect of Sin Bee Tang (神秘湯) on the renal function, arterial blood pressure and plasma cortisol. The results obtained were follows; 1. Urine volume and glomerular filtration rate were decreased significantly after Sin Bee Tang water extract, 0.1ml/kg, administration. 2. Glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow and urinary excretion of electrolytes were increased significantly after Sin Bee Tang water extract, 0.25ml/kg, administration. 3. Plasma cortisol concentration increased significantly after Sin Bee Tang water extract, 0.25ml/kg, administration. These results suggest that the therapeutic action of Sin Bee Tang for 'Su Chun (水喘)' has a relation with the increase of plasma cortisol and renal hemodynamic effect.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.413-418
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• 2007

Uroflowmetry is of great convenience to diagnose benign prostate hypertrophy common in aged men. The urinary flow rate is obtained by weight measurement using load cell, however, sensitive to impact noise. An alternative technique was recently proposed to measure hydraulic pressure instead of weight and demonstrated to introduce significantly reduced noise. In this paper, we described the measured diagnostic parameters between the weight and pressure measuring techniques in 10 normal men. The weight and pressure signals were simultaneously acquired during urination, converted into urine volumes, then differentiated to obtain flow rate signals, which showed very similar waveforms. Diagnostic parameters evaluated by pressure measuring technique were well correlated with the standard weight measuring technique (correlation coefficient > 0.99). Therefore, the new uroflowmetry based on hydraulic pressure measurement can provide accurate diagnostic parameters, which would be clinically valid.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2007

Pyrethroid insecticide have widely been used for agricultural sector and residential environments. To assess the exposure of insecticide which is absorbed through skin the analysis of urinary metabolite is essential. At present, the urinary 3-PBA was analyzed using liquid-phase extraction. But LPE have many limitations, such as long pre-treatment time and low recovery. So, this study was conducted to determine the optimum conditions for analysing 3-PBA in urine using solid phase extraction. Furthermore, this study intend to investigate the relation of concentrations of pyrethroid, deltamethrin in air and 3-PBA in urine. The optimum condition for hydrolysis was found to be done with hydrochloric acid for one hour. The recovery rates of 3-PBA were $84.6%{\pm}1.2%$, $54.8{\pm}0.9%$, $99.8{\pm}1.2%$ with XAD-2, XAD-7, XAD-16 using as the aborbents and acetone as eluents respectively. But acetonitrle and methanol gave low recovery rate and methyl cellosolve could not elute the compound. The amount of acetone for elution were 6mL, 9mL, 3mL for XAD-2, XAD-7, XAD-16 as absorbents respectively. The non-absorbed rates was $0.8{\pm}0.5%$, and $0.7{\pm}0.3%$ under XAD-16, mesh size 140-200, amount of resin 1.4g and the flow rate of eluent was 0.1mL/min. In the concentration process, we obtained 11 times higher concentration of material. The amounts of urinary 3-PBA were. The LODs of 3-PBA and deltamethrin were 0.004 mg/L, 0.038 mg/L, respectively. The further research of minute monitoring which include spray pattern, environmental condition is needed And more research about the relation between total pyrethroid exposure and urinary various metabolite are also necessary.