• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.181-185
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• 2012

An 11-year-old, intact female Shihtzu showing anuria was diagnosed as a urethral leiomyoma. The tumor occupied and obstructed the urethral lumen. In this report, the urethral tumor and secondary obstruction could be diagnosed via ultrasonography and contrast study such as excretory urography and voiding urethrography. Ultrasonography revealed a hypoechoic, demarcated urethral mass in proximal urethra. Contrast study confirmed the urethral obstruction and ruled out the expansion of the tumor into the urinary bladder. The clinical signs of the dog were completely resolved after removing the urethral mass and urethral anastomosis. Leiomyoma is a benign smooth muscle tumor, and rarely reported in lower urinary tract.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.62.1-62.7
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• 2023

This case report describes the hematological and radiological examination of urinary bladder rupture and complete urethral obstruction. associated with urolithiasis in Hanwoo. Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, azotemia, and hyperglycemia were observed in both urethral obstruction and urinary bladder rupture. However, cattle with urethral obstruction showed hyperkalemia and mild hyperglycemia, whereas cattle with bladder rupture showed marked hyperglycemia and normal potassium levels. In ultrasonography, the urethral obstruction showed a dilated bladder with a thick bladder wall. In contrast to previous literature, in this study, severe electrolyte changes such as severe hyponatremia, hypochloremia, and hyperkalemia occurred in a case of complete urethral obstruction.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.176-179
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• 2019

A giant prostatic urethral calculus has not been previously reported in dogs and should be distinguished from prostatic calculus. A 7-year-old castrated male Maltese dog with a 2-month history of relapsing hematuria and urinary incontinence with slowly progressing paraphimosis was referred. On abdominal radiography and ultrasonography, there was a giant calculus in the region of prostate or urethra, one left ureteral calculus, one urinary bladder calculus, and two penile urethral calculi. On computed tomography for evaluating the accurate location and planning the surgical approach, the giant calculus was located at the prostatic urethra. The calculi in urinary bladder, prostatic and penile urethra were surgically removed. These calculi were mixed-type of calcium oxalate monohydrate, struvite and calcium phosphate carbonate. On the basis of the urolith analysis and urine bacterial culture results, antibiotics and prescription diet were adjusted. At the 3-month follow-up, there were no clinical sings but paraphimosis was still remained, and ultrasonography revealed newly-formed, small urethral calculi at the prostatic urethra. This is the first report to describe the case of a canine giant prostatic urethral calculus and its clinical signs, diagnostic imaging findings, treatment, and outcome. CT may be useful to assess the accurate location and surgical approach for such calculi.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.501-505
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• 1999

Two dogs were presented urinary disorder in the associated with urolithiasis. Clinical signs were increased frequency of urination with mild straining pollakiuria, general depression and anorexia. On physical examinations, the pain was revealed at the palpation of the urethral area. Urinalysis showed high specific gravity, high pH, and triple phosphates. Radiography showed an increased radiopacity, and ultrasonography showed hyperecho in the just behind of os penis. Urolithiasis was diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs, radiography, and ultrasonography. In the prescrotal urethrotomy, urethra on the midline was incised and uroliths were eliminated. After elimination of uroliths, incision area was closed with 4-0 synthetic absorbable suture. In postoperative, there was good prognosis without hemorrhage, inflammation, and urethral stricture.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2021

Urethral obstruction is a life-threatening feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD). The rate of recurring urethral obstruction was 14.8-58.1% after the first occurrence. Ultrasonographic findings associated with reobstruction had been rarely reported although ultrasonography was a valuable technique for diagnosing urinary bladder calculi and distinguishing different FLUTD causes. This retrospective study aims to describe the ultrasonographic findings, urinalysis, and serum chemistry profile in cats with FLUTD and determine the associations of reobstruction with ultrasonographic findings, urinalysis, and serum chemistry profile. The present study included 141 cats that were followed up for more than 1 year. The ultrasonographic criteria included the presence of cystolithiasis, urine echogenicity, sediment, suspended linear strand, pericystic effusion, hyperechoic pericystic fat, ureteral dilation, pyelectasia, and perirenal effusion. The urinalysis criteria included hematuria, urine-specific gravity, pH, sediment, and proteinuria. The most common ultrasonographic findings in cats with FLUTD were echogenic urine and sediment. However, this study did not find an association between reobstruction and ultrasonographic findings, urinalysis, and serum chemistry profiles. Thus, an ultrasonographic examination may be insufficient to predict the risk of reobstruction although it is a useful modality for diagnosing FLUTD and making treatment direction.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.200-204
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• 2004

A 3-year-old, male Shih-tzu dog with clinical signs of dysuria and hematuria was brought to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Chonnam National University. The patient was suspected urolithiasis by history taking and clinical signs but urinary and urethra calculus was not found in the radiographic examination. Enlarged prostatic gland (29.0$\times$28.0 mm) and severe finding of cystitis was observed from the ultrasonographic examination. The dog was finally diagnosed as the secondary urethral obstruction by benign prostatic hyperplasia. Castration was performed to treatment of acute hyperplasia of prostatic gland and prostatic cysts. After 26 days of operation, the prostate was defined small, hypoechoic, symmetric and decreased size (18.5$\times$18.0mm) by ultrasonography and dysuria cured completely.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.557-559
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• 2008

Three calves which were born in a village with similar symptoms that urine ran down along the inner femoral region were referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Kyungpook National University. On physical examination, there were aplasia of the penis, ventrally incomplete sheath and bifid scrotum in common. Blood cell count test and blood biochemistry test were performed and then diagnostic radiography was carried out in a case. Retrograde positive cystograph showed normal urinary bladder and no other urogenital abnormalities. The shape and size of the testes were normal on ultrasonographs, yet intact urethral wall was not detected. These cases were diagnosed as hypospadias.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.121-124
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• 2022

This case report describes a case of isolated (not associated with other anomalies) lower vaginal hypoplasia complicated by megalourethra (urethral dilatation) due to frequent urethral sexual intercourse in a regularly menstruating (hypomenorrheic) woman. The patient was a 24-year-old woman who underwent transperineal ultrasonography as well as magnetic resonance imaging followed by sequential cystoscopic and vaginoscopic examinations. Finally, a pull-through procedure was used to create a new vagina. The main outcome measure was patent vagina formation. The procedure successfully corrected isolated lower vaginal hypoplasia. The postoperative course was smooth, with the restoration of regular intercourse in the correct location. It was concluded that all gynecologists should have increased awareness of rare female genital anomalies to avoid serious sequelae, particularly in newly married patients.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.74-78
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• 2014

Sotos syndrome (SS, OMIM 117550) is characterized by prenatal and postnatal overgrowth with multiple congenital anomalies. However, there have been few cases of growth retardation caused by renal failure from infancy. We report a case of dysplasia of the bilateral kidneys with renal failure and poor postnatal growth. A 2-month-old boy visited the emergency room owing to poor oral intake and abdominal distension. He was born at the gestational age of 38 weeks with a birth weight of 4,180 g. After birth, he had feeding difficulty and abdominal distension. Upon physical examination, his height and weight were in less than the 3rd percentile, while his head circumference was in the 50th percentile on the growth curve. He also showed a broad and protruding forehead and high hairline. Blood laboratory tests showed severe azotemia; emergent hemodialysis was needed. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed bilateral renal dysplasia with multiple cysts and diffuse bladder wall thickening. A posterior urethral valve was suggested based on vesicoureterography and abdominal magnetic resonance findings. Results of a colon study to rule out congenital megacolon did not reveal any specific findings. The conventional karyotype of the patient was 46, XY. Array comparative genomic hybridization study revealed a chromosome 5q35 microdeletion including the NSD1 gene, based on which SS was diagnosed. We describe a case of SS presenting with end stage renal disease due to posterior urethral valve. The typical somatic overgrowth of SS in the postnatal period was not observed due to chronic renal failure that started in the neonatal period.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2024

Antenatally diagnosed urinary tract dilatation (UTD), previously referred to as antenatal hydronephrosis, is the most commonly detected abnormality by prenatal ultrasonography. Several grading systems have been developed for the classification of antenatal UTD using prenatal and postnatal ultrasonography. UTD comprises a wide variety of congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract ranging from transient UTD to more significant abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux, ureteropelvic junction obstruction, ureterocele, ureterovesical junction obstruction, posterior urethral valves, and non-refluxing megaureter. Optimizing the evaluation of antenatally detected UTD is essential to recognize children with important disorders while avoiding excessive investigations. Conservative approach with close follow-up is increasingly accepted as an appropriate treatment option for patients with asymptomatic vesicoureteral reflux and ureteropelvic junction obstruction in recent years. However, predicting permanent kidney damage in an unselected group of children with antenatal UTD is still challenging. The management and follow-up of children with UTD should be individualized based on recommendations from a pediatric nephrologist, a pediatric urologist, or both. Future research directed at predicting long-term outcomes of children diagnosed with UTD from mild findings to severe disease is needed to refine management for those at higher risk of kidney disease progression.