• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.155-161
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• 2023

Objective : To analyze the anatomical location of the ureter in relation to lateral lumbar interbody fusion and evaluate the potential risk of ureteral injury. Methods : One hundred eight patients who performed contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scans were enrolled in this study. The location of the ureter from L2-L3 to L4-L5 was evaluated. The distances between the ureter and psoas muscle, intervertebral disc, and retroperitoneal vessels were also recorded bilaterally. Results : Over 30% of the ureters were close to the working corridor of extreme lumbar interbody fusion at L2-L3. Most of the ureters were close to working corridor of oblique lumbar interbody fusion, especially at L4-L5. The distance from the ureter to the great vessels on the left side was significantly narrowing from L2-L3 to L4-L5 (28.8±9.5 mm, 22.0±8.0 mm, 15.5±8.4 mm), and it was significantly larger than that on the right side (12.3±6.1 mm, 7.4±5.7 mm, 5.4±4.4 mm). Conclusion : Our findings indicate that the location of the ureter varies widely among individuals. To avoid unexpected damage to the ureter, it is imperative to directly visualize it and verify the ureter is not in the surgical pathway during lateral lumbar interbody fusion.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.243-246
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• 2000

A 3-year old female Poodle dog was presented with a history of anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain and depression for 2 days. After physical and blood examination, excretory urogram(EU) and ultrasonography of the abjomen were conducted. On radiographs and ultrasonographs, dilation of diverticulum, sinus, proximal ureter of right kidney and mild dilation of left renal medullar were found. And there was some leakage of contrast agent in the proximal ureter area of right kidney. So this was diagnosed as a rupture of right proximal ureter. This dog was undertaken a surgery of nephrectomy of right kidney. On surgery, dilation of right kidney and hemorrhage, adhesion were found at the proximal ureter and some calculi were also found in the pelvis of right kidney. There were no complications after surgery.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.267-271
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• 2006

The present study was performed to clarity the effect of hemodialysis(HD) on acute renal failure induced by bilateral ligation of the ureter. HB was applied on 48 hours(1st HD) and 72 hours(2nd HD) after ligation of the ureter, respectively. Clinical signs including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and depression were observed in all cases(6 heads), however, those symptoms were much improved after HD. Hematological values including WBC, PCV and PLT were increased after ligation of the ureter, however, those values were decreased by HD without significance, compared with those of before HD. In addition, serum BUN, creatinine, Ca and P levels were increased after ligation of the ureter, however, BUN(p<0.05), creatinine(p<0.05) and P(p<0.05) were significantly decreased by HD, compared with before HD, respectively. Considering above findings, it was thought that HD was effective for improvement of clinical symptoms of dogs with induced acute renal failure.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.261-263
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• 2015

A 10-year-old spayed female Yorkshire Terrier visited for a physical checkup. The bitch had a history of ovariohysterectomy for treatment of pyometra a year ago. On physical examination, the dog was bright and alert. Complete blood counts, serum biochemistry and blood gas analysis results did not show any deviations within normal ranges. Radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations revealed unilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureter of the right kidney and ureter, and obstruction of the distal ureter was observed. On the basis of these results, nephroureterectomy was performed. During the operation, the adhesion of the distal ureter and surrounding tissue cells were observed without the evidence of the ureteral ligation. The distal ureteral obstruction was presumed to be adhesion caused by fibrous tissue formation between ureter and retained broad ligament, or incompletely removed blood clots following ovariohysterectomy. This case report describes the occurrence of hydroureteronephrosis caused by adhesion of the distal ureter following ovariohysterectomy in a bitch.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.476-480
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• 2024

Present case report describes a case of bifid ureter arising directly from separate calyces and renal pelvis of the kidney. Incomplete ureter duplication on the left side in a 78-year-old male cadaver was found during an anatomy class. These ureters converged in a Y-shaped pattern just above the level of the anterior superior iliac spine. In the coronal section of the kidney, the anterior ureter arose from a renal pelvis that was divided into two major calyces in the lower two-thirds of the kidney. On the other hand, the posterior ureter was directly connected to a major calyx in the upper third of the kidney, without the formation of a renal pelvis. This anatomical variation has implications for diagnostic approaches, especially in the use of imaging techniques by urologists for the insertion of stents in the treatment of phyelonephritis.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2011

Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) evoke pacemaker activities in many tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between interstitial cell and pacemaker activity in the human ureter through the recording of spontaneous contractions. Spontaneous contractions of eight circular and longitudinal smooth muscle strips of the human ureter to acetylcholine (ACh) and/or norepinephrine (NE) were observed. Human ureteral strips were divided into proximal and distal groups, and each group was subdivided into circular and longitudinal groups. The proximal group showed spontaneous activities of 3~4 times within 5 minutes in the longitudinal group. ACh ($10^{-4}\;M$) augmented the frequency of the spontaneous contractions. The cumulative application of NE also augmented the frequency in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of NE application were inhibited by concomitant application of $10^{-5}\;M$ glibenclamide. Receptor tyrosine kinase (c-kit) staining revealed abundant ICCs only in proximal tissues. Therefore, spontaneous contractions of the human ureter might be modulated by ICC in the proximal region, and the actions might be related with the activation of cholinergic and/or adrenergic system mediated by a glibenclamide-sensitive pathway.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.38-41
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• 2002

Localized amyloidosis of the ureter is rare and clinically confused with neoplasm. We describe a case of localized amyloidosis of the ureter in which the presence of amyloid was detected in ureteral washing cytology. A 75-year-old female presented with gross hematuria. Abdominal CT and retrograde pyelography revealed hydronephrosis and hydroureter on the left side with abrupt narrowing of the distal ureter. Ureteral washing cytology yielded a hypocellular smear with many irregular clumps of amorphous, extracellar, waxy material. Biopsy sections demonstrated submucosal deposits of eosinophilic amorphous material which gave characteristic apple green birefringence with Congo-red stain under the polarized light. Familarity with the cytologic features of amyloid is helpful for preoperative diagnosis and proper treatment.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.137-140
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• 2014

A Maltese (case 1) and a Labrador Retriever (case 2) presented with urinary incontinence. General conditions were good and screening tests, including a complete blood count, serum chemistry and radiography, were performed. Excretory urography was conducted, and fluoroscopy was performed for case 1 and computed tomography was performed for case 2. The dogs were diagnosed as right extramural ectopic ureter in case 1 and bilateral intramural ectopic ureter in case 2. We performed surgical corrections, including a neoureterocystostomy for extramural ectopic ureter and neoureterostomy for intramural ectopic ureter. After surgery, the dogs were catheterized with an indwelling catheter for 3 days. Urinary incontinence improved completely and the clinical outcomes were good. The choice of adequate surgical procedure is important for correcting ectopic ureters in canines.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the renal ultrasonographic findings in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 83 patients who were diagnosed with VUR and underwent ultrasonography at Ilsan hospital between January 2000 and December 2010. Results: Among 166 renal units, 108 (65.0%) were found to have vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Fifty-one (73.9%) had VUR in renal units with abnormal ultrasonography (USG), whereas 57 (58.7%) had VUR in renal units with normal USG. Abnormal USG findings were independent risk factors for VUR (Odds ratio, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.01-3.89; $P$=0.045). In renal units with VUR, the number of normal USG finding was 52.8%, and the abnormal findings were as follows; increased cortical echogenicity 16.7%, hydronephrosis 17.6%, megaureter or ureter dilatation 8.3%, hydronephrosis and ureter dilatation 1.9%, duplication of ureter 1.9%, and atrophic kidney 0.9%. The prevalence of VUR was relatively higher in renal units with hydronephrosis (23/19, 82.6%), ureter dilatation (9/9, 100%), duplication of ureter (2/3, 66.6%), and atrophic kidney (1/1, 100%). Conclusion: Our study indicates that VUR was associated with abnormal USG findings. When there are abnormal USG findings such as hydronephrosis, ureter dilatation, duplication of ureter, and atrophic kidney in children with UTI, VCUG is recommended to detect VUR after controlling UTI.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.243-246
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• 2024

Traumatic ureteral injuries account for fewer than 1% of traumatic urologic injuries, and those caused by blunt trauma are even rarer than those caused by penetrating trauma. The symptoms associated with ureteral injury may be subtle, with or without hematuria, making it difficult to diagnose. We report the case of a 31-year-old man with a delayed diagnosis of proximal ureter injury after abdominal blunt trauma sustained in a motorcycle traffic accident. The patient underwent emergency laparotomy on admission for liver injury, mesenteric injury, and resultant hemoperitoneum. On postoperative day 6, he underwent angioembolization for suspected remnant intra-abdominal bleeding. Persistent symptoms of flank pain and leukocytosis led to follow-up imaging studies that revealed proximal ureter injury, and the patient underwent unilateral nephrectomy. This case stresses the importance of clinical suspicion for genitourinary injuries in the presence of abdominal trauma.