• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.13-24
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• 2020

As the importance of rural landscapes has recently emerged due to an increase in number of urban to rural migrants into suburban area in Korea, this study empirically grasps the differences in subjective landscapes perceptions between native and non-native residents. and tried to explore new landscape management possibilities through the role of each residents group. To this end, based on the data collected through the 'photo-elicitation with walking', the residents' landscape perception objects, perception factors, and perceived feelings are derived, and then the differences and characteristics of landscapes perception between native and non-native residents group were analyzed. As a result, native residents perceived everyday landscapes relatively meaningfully and provided abundant information in all aspects, while non-native residents mainly recognized characteristic landscapes and responded more sensitively to visual and environmental perception factors than the natives. Non-native residents also showed strong willingness to improve the degraded landscapes. These results are expected to provide a basis for exploring the role of residents in rural landscape planning and management in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.1-18
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate the Korean value about family and kinship in urban and rural families. For this purpose, we surveyed 716 subjects with structured questionnaires in Seoul and 593 subjects in rural areas. From this survey, we reached the following conclusions: 1) In urban families, most of the respondents are found not to support familism, materialism, boy preference, and they show an ambivalence about the child value in the viewpoint of the reward and the cost. 2) Most of the respondents in rural families are found to support familism, materialism, and rewardable child value. But, as the same as urban families, they don't show boy preference. 3) Comparing urban families with rural families, the latter are found to support familism more strongly. And there are sleight differences in boy preference significantly. On the other hand, urban families are found to show costly chad value more strongly.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.129-144
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• 2001

In spite of rapid sociocultural changes and an increase in the number of nuclear families in recent years, quite many families in Korea still have taken the extended family form where daughter-in-law provides care for the elderly parents. Even though the nature of the inter-generational relationship in Korea is reciprocal in many regards, most of the studies looked at the burden or costs of coresidence with the elderly parents while relatively little attention has been given to the positive side of the coresidence. This study is an attempt to fill this gap in the area. The purpose of this study is to examine not only the costs but also benefits of the coresidence with the elderly parents. We also explore whether there is a rural-urban differences in costs and benefits of coresidence and related factors. For the purpose, data were gathered from 876 daughters-in-law of three generational family both in rural and urban area, using structured questionnaire. The statistical methods used for data analysis were descriptive statistics, cross tables, and regression analysis with SPSS/PC+ program. The major findings of this study were as follows: Marital and economic status of the elderly parents, age, job status and filial responsibility attitude of caregiver, sibling support, and coresidence duration were the significant variables predicting the level of perceived benefits. Marital status of elderly parents, income, job status, educational level, and filial responsibility altitude of caregiver, residence region affected the level of perceived costs. Rural-urban differences are found in many aspects of coresidence experiences and related factors. Rural caregivers receive higher level of the sibling support, have more traditional final responsibility altitude and perceived less costs and more benefit than urban caregivers. There also are differences in the factors influencing the level of perceived costs and benefits between rural and urban area. Level of sibling support and final responsibility attitude have significant impact on both the perceived costs and benefits. But there are differences in terms of that perceived costs and benefits of urban caregivers are affected by job status of caregivers while those of rural caregivers are affected by educational level of caregivers and marital status of elderly. The results confirm that Korean caregivers experience both positive and negative aspects of coresidence and shows that the nature of the inter-generational relationships differ between rural and urban Korea.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.226-241
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• 2015

This research aims to analyse rural change by increasing in urban-to-rural migrants in rural Jeju. In particular, the author analysed changes in rural area focusing on non-agricultural sector and local organization. Urban-to-rural migrants into rural Jeju have been causing increase in tourism business. Such an increase in tourism business caused increase in construction of service space and changes in land use. Meanwhile, the local organization formed by urban-to-rural migrants has differences in its members and its activities and implementing system of activities in comparison with those of native local organizations. The Seowgipo Rural Migrants Cooperative, which is the research target, has characters of urbanism even thoug it was formed in rural area.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.53-63
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify leisure activities, health promotion behaviors, and quality of life and regional differences in urban and rural elderly people. Method: This study was a descriptive research and data were collected from 198 elderly people using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the PASW WIN 18.0 Program. Result: Urban elders showed significantly higher rate for leisure activities compared to rural elders. While urban elders did not show a significant relationship among leisure activities, health promotion behaviors, and quality of life, rural elders showed a significant relationship among leisure activities, health promotion behavior, and quality of life. While the leisure activities and health promotion behaviors were influenced by recreational and social life in the urban elders, these activities and behaviors had no influence for rural elders. Leisure activities and quality of life were influenced by watching and enjoying activities, services and religious activities, and recreational and social life for urban elders but health sports was an influence for rural elders. Conclusion: Findings indicate regional differences and provide basic information to develop programs and leisure guidelines to enhance leisure activities, health promotion behaviors, and quality of life according to regional characteristics of elderly people.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare health promotion behavior and influencing factors between aged women of rural areas and urban areas, to investigate factors affecting their behavior, and to provide the primary data for developing heath enhancing program that is appropriate for the population. Method: A survey was conducted on 221 aged women 100 from urban areas and 121 from rural area. The data were collected through a questionnaire and interview. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA and multiple stepwise regression were found by using SPSS PC Win. Package. Result: There were significant difference of factors relating health promotion behavior in Pender model between the aged women in urban areas and rural areas, urban women showed higher scores in factors such as previous heath relating behavior, perceived confidence, self-efficacy, social support, satisfaction with marriage, situational influence, and behavioral plan involvement, while rural women showed higher scores in the factors of fixed idea regarding gender role, perceived disabled feeling, and activity related emotions. At the subscale of HPLP, interpersonal relation, nutrition, health responsibility, stress management, spiritual growth of rural group was lower than urban group. With the multiple stepwise regression analysis, commitment to a plan of action, social support, activity related affect, self efficacy were proved to be significant to urban group, while commitment to a plan of action. activity related affect, social support, sex-role stereotype were proved to be significant to rural group statistically. Conclusion: There were differences of health promotion behavior and influencing factors between aged women in urban areas and rural areas and women in rural areas were found to have more weakness than women in urban areas. With the results, it is concluded that health promotion programs for aged woman should be designed differently between urban and rural area regarding the factors affecting health promotion behaviors.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.43-54
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to examine the job satisfaction of teachers in urban and rural day care centers. The subjects of this study were 134 teachers in urban(n=68) and rural(n=66) areas. Participants completed an early childhood job satisfaction survey. The statistics used for this data were t-test, one-way ANOVA (Duncan's test), and multiple regression analysis. The study showed significant differences between urban and rural teachers' job satisfaction in the job itself, human relationships, and working environment. The job satisfaction of the teachers in urban day care centers was influenced significantly by the related variables: age of teacher, marital status, education level, educational career, capacity, number of classes, class size, working hours, and the age of the children in class. The job satisfaction of the teachers in rural day care centers was influenced significantly by the above variables. The important factors on predicting the job satisfaction of the urban day care teachers were found to be the age of teachers, educational career, education level, and number of classes. The important factors for predicting the job satisfaction of the rural day care center teachers were found to be the age of teacher, educational career, education level, number of classes and working hours.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.175-185
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• 1995

This study is to compare family support and mental health between the rural and the urban elderly. In order to do that I collected the data through questioning 238 people in 3 urban areas in Busan and 201 people in 9 rural areas near Daegu. The degree of their family support is 36.70 on the average in the rural area and 40.77 in the urban area. The degree of family support of urban elderly is a little higher. According to general characters between the differences of family support in both areas, in the rural area there are differences in sex, age, whether they have a spouse or not, education level, financial state, number of children, number of co living, status of co living, subjective health status, amount of pocket money and how much they are participating in leisure activity. In the urban area there are differences in sex, whether they have a spouse or not, religion, financial state, number of co living, status of co living, subjective health status, amount of pocket money, how much they are participating in leisure activity and house pattern. In the stepwise multiple regression analysis the main variables that affect degree of family support in the rural area are age, whether they have a spouse or not and financial state which account for 33% of the total variance and in the urban area are subjective health status, financial state, whether they have a spouse or not and number of co-living which account for 35%. Health status is better in the urban area(average 36.87) than in the rural area(57.42). In each item the people whose mark was more than 75%(low) have Depression 8.4%, Somatization 8.0% in the urban area and Somatization 8.5%, Depression 8.5%, Anxiety 4.0%, Phobic anxiety 4.0%, Obsessive compulsive reaction 2.5%, Hostility 2.0%, Paranoid ideation 2.0%, Psychoticism 1.5% and Interpersonal sensitivity 1.5% in the rural area. In the mental health condition, on the basis of 4 points in both areas, the average is Somatization(rural : 1.69, urban : 1.51), Depression (rural : 1.64, urban : 1.37) and Obsessive compulsive reaction(rural : 1.33, urban : 0.99). According to the differences between mental health conditions by general characters, in the rural area the differences are presented in sex, age, whether they have a spouse or not, religion, education level, financial state, number of children, status of co living, subjective health status, amount of pocket money and how much they are participating in leisure activity, in the urban area the differences are presented in sex, whether they have a spouse or not, religion, financial state, number of co living, status of co living, subjective health status, house pattern, amount of pocket money and how much they are participating in leisure activity. In the stepwise multiple regression analysis the main variables that affect mental health condition in the rural are family support degree subjective health status, religion sex, age and financial state which account for 43% of the total and in the urban area are family support degree, subjective health status and financial state which account for 51%. In the matter of family support degree and mental health condition the rural area was -0.4555, of urban area was -0.6446. The rural area that has a high percentage in family support degree and mental health condition Depression was -0.5036, Psychoticism was -0.4265 in the urban area Psychoticism was -0.6452, Depression was -0.5955. Family support has a great influence on mental health of old people and family support and mental health condition can be different according to living area. So in their problems nursing intervention through family and nursing strategies according to living area should be established.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.140-148
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the relationships of self-esteem, health status and self-care, and compare them between the rural and urban elderly. Method: The subjects were 126 persons with age over 65: rural(69 persons) and urban(57 persons). The data was collected from 1st Sep to 10th Oct, 2004 by questionnaires, and was analyzed with t-test, ANOVA, Least Significant Difference and Pearson's correlation coefficient in the SPSS-Win 10.0. Results: The level of self-esteem, health status and self-care of the elderly in rural were lower than those of the elderly in urban. The higher group self-esteem in the rural elderly shows more health status and self-care than the lower group. Significant differences between two groups in the urban elderly were not found. Self-esteem, health status and self-care were positively correlated each other in the rural elderly. Significant correlations were found between self-esteem and health status, and between self-esteem and self-care in the rural elderly. Conclusion: Self-esteem forms the foundation of psychosocial health and provides a measure for the quality of life of the elderly in long term care. As nursing is in a unique position to promote self-esteem, the nurse can plan and provide nursing intervention with the consideration of characteristics of the rural and urban elderly to promote the self-esteem, health status and self-care of the elderly.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.153-163
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• 2008

The objective of this research was to study the differences between urban and rural areas high school students in body image and dietary habits. The number of subjects in Seoul and Kyungkido were 902. Based on self-reported height and weight, there was no significant difference between the urban and rural students. However, the rate of obesity was significantly higher in males, whereas the rate of underweight was significantly higher in females, especially for urban females (p < 0.05). Their ideal body image ratio as skinny or slender-type was 91.6% (urban) and 95.7% (rural) for male category while 100% (urban) and 99.4% (rural) for females. Urban females had a strong preference for a skinny body (p < 0.05). Rural students were more highly interested in weight control than urban students were, but they appeared not to care their health. In addition, they had significantly lower levels of weight control knowledge and dietary attitude score (p < 0.001). Subjective assessment of body weight appeared to be more important in terms of body satisfaction, weight control knowledge and dietary attitude than actual measurement of body mass index. Significant test revealed that weight control knowledge was related to dietary attitude (p < 0.01). (p < 0.01).