• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2020

A "Scenic Site" is an official heritage category legally defined as a "scenic site of outstanding artistic value with excellent scenic views." However, the subjective interpretation of the term causes several problems. This study suggested a systematic, organized process of designating a listed area as a scenic site after careful and detailed quantitative and qualitative analysis. Indicators were identified for each of the two analyses, and then scored and weighted. Quantitative indicators were distributed within 5 points for each indicator. Water, which is a natural indicator, based on distance from river boundaries. Forest landscapes were assigned in consideration of forest physiognomy and age class. Land use was allocated in consideration of land cover type and, in case of development site, '-' score was assigned. Cultural heritage conservation area, which is historical and cultural indicator, was distributed by distance within a maximum of 500 meters. Visibility, an indicator of landscape value, was assigned according to the frequency of visibility. The weight of each indicator was calculated by considering the value of each item. The weight of distribution of cultural resources is relatively high, while other items were set the same. In case of land use, however, '-' score was given according to the grade. Qualitative indicators, on the other hand, were considered terrain, landscape zone, ownership, intellectual boundary, and land category. The applicability of the proposed process and method was examined by applying the existing methods and criteria used for designating scenic spots. Opinions of subject-matter experts were incorporated in the identification of the indicators and in the result review stage. In the future, it is necessary to apply this method while designating scenic sites so as to establish an objective, scientific designation process.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.13-24
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• 2018

한국의 농업유산 정책은 2002년 FAO가 도입한 GIAHS 제도를 바탕으로 2012년에 농림축산식품부가 도입하였다. 현재 한국 국가중요농업유산(KIAHS)지역으로 지정이 되면, 농림축산식품부의 다원적 자원 활용사업에 의해 3년간 보전 관리를 위한 예산지원을 받도록 제도화되어 있다. 그렇지만, 다원적 자원 활용사업 종료 이후 KIAHS 지역에 대한 실질적인 관리체계는 마련되어 있지 않은 상황으로, 이에 대한 연구가 시급한 상황이다. 따라서 본 연구는 KIAHS 지역에 대한 지속적 관찰 및 데이터 구축을 위한 모니터링 지표 개발을 통하여, 지속가능하고 효율적인 KIAHS 지역의 보전관리체계를 마련하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해, 본 연구는 문헌고찰, 해외사례 조사, 전문가 그룹 인터뷰를 통한 지표의 검증 및 현장 적용의 연구방법을 통하여 모니터링 지표 및 관리체계를 도출하였다. 모니터링 지표는 단계별 검증절차를 거쳐서 총 17개의 공통지표와 각 지구의 특성을 반영하는 자율지표로 구성하여 제시하였다. 제시한 모니터링 지표들은 준비-지정-관리의 3단계로 구분하여 단계별로 적용가능한 지표를 제시하고, 측정시기와 방법, 측정주체 등 관리체계 구축에 필요한 항목들을 함께 제시하였다. 본 연구는 한국 국가중요농업유산의 보전과 관리를 위한 정책적 시사점을 제시하는 데 의의가 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.1-13
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• 2022

The damages caused by landslides are increasing worldwide due to climate change. In Korea, damages from landslides occur frequently, making it necessary to develop the effective response strategies. In particular, there is a lack of countermeasures against landslides in cultural heritage areas. The purpose of this study was to spatially analyze the relationship between Buyeo-gun's cultural heritage and landslide susceptible areas in Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, which has a long history. Nine spatial distribution models were used to evaluate the landslide susceptibility, and the ensemble method was applied to reduce the uncertainty of individual model. There were 17 cultural heritages belonging to the landslide susceptible area. As a result of calculating the area ratio of the landslide susceptible area for cultural heritages, the cultural heritages with 100% of the area included in the landslide susceptible area were "Standing statue of Maae in Hongsan Sangcheon-ri" and "Statue of King Seonjo." More than 35% of "Jeungsanseong", "Garimseong", and "Standing stone statue of Maitreya Bodhisattva in Daejosa Temple" belonged to landslide susceptible areas. In order to effectively prevent landslide damage, the application of landslide prevention measures should be prioritized according to the proportion belonging to the landslide susceptible area. Since it is very difficult to restore cultural properties once destroyed, preventive measures are required before landslide damage occurs. The approach and results of this study provide basic data and guidelines for disaster response plans to prevent landslides in Buyeo-gun.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.97-110
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• 2018

This study examined the value of the old roads and roadscapes as modern assets. Topographic maps of the two years (1916 and 1919, which were produced by the Japanese Government-General of Korea) and the digital topographic map produced in 2017, were analyzed. The total amount of roads that have survived for the past 100 years are located in 108 places and total 26.32km. After examining the remnants of the roads in YeongDo, the type of scenery experienced along the roads were classified into nine kinds. The place where a sequential scenery experience takes place due to the survival of the past, the experience is based on the transition of historical scenery, not the scenery of the present time. A new model that can preserve, manage and plan this scenery is required. Therefore, we propose a new landscape model that elevates the concept of gaze from a spatial concept to a spatiotemporal concept. Based on this model, we propose a conservation criterion of the landscape viewed on the road as a viewpoint. As a modern asset for the next 100 years of YeongDo, it is necessary to understand and preserve the meaning of the landscape and roadside scenery as a transit landscape network. The remnant of roads from 100 years ago suggests that the scenery on the road was has been maintained, and it is the historical landscape of the YeongDo area. Through the landscape conservation plan proposed in this study, it is expected that the historical roads and their landscape will be positioned as a modern asset and an aspect of local heritage, and the future conservation and management of the roads and roadscapes will continue.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.30-37
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• 2018

The uniformed regulations for control of the height of buildings owned by individuals to protect landscape of cultural properties are causing serious social conflicts by limiting the development of landowners. It is urgent need of introducing indicators that can resolve such conflicts and evaluate the regulations of buildings, which can satisfy urban development as well as landscape management of cultural properties. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to simulate landscape changes according to the Cultural Heritage Protection Act and National Land Planning and Utilization Act by using Unity3D in the Pungnammun Gate(Treasure No. 308) of Jeonju and its surroundings, where architectural cultural property forms the symbolic landscape of the city. Then some items such as view points, target points were introduced and the quantitative evaluation of landscapes was attempted by applying the indicator of 3D Visual Exposure. As a result, the viewing opportunity and viewing area of Pungnammun Gate were not significantly influenced by changes in landscape according to the two laws. However, the change of the height of buildings by the National Land Planning and Utilization Act, which has the greatest development capacity, confirmed the possibility of weakening the identification of the Pungnammun Gate by increasing 3D Visual Exposure of the background buildings more than two times. Finally, it was confirmed that the skyline of Pungnammun Gate was clearly infringed upon development under the National Land Planning and Utilization Act, but the skyline was maintained similar to the current situation in the regulation by the Cultural Heritage Protection Act. Thus, this study is meaningful in that the application of 3D Visual Exposure showed the possibility of utilization as an indicator for quantitatively evaluating the protection of view on cultural property and skyline according to the changes of building heights.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.60-79
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• 2012

Environment of ancient Chinese Buddhist temple can be classified to three types such as regional society(鄕村), famous mountain(名山), and urban areas(都市). This made differences in environment where a temple existed and in turn, affected development of Buddhism. And this made another type in relationship between Buddhist temple and a society. This study explains influences which regional society gave on not only Buddhist temple and a monk but also existence and development of Buddhism. When temples are placed in different environmental position, that is, urban areas and regional society, among a social structure, they eventually should adapt to a different society externally and internally. As told in above, ancient Chinese Buddhist temple was located in regional society, famous mountain, and urban areas. Since Eastern Jin and Sixteen Kingdoms, as number of temple much increased, and temples and monks were concentrated on famous mountain, temples in famous mountains and urban areas had developed showing similar aspects each other. But because temples in regional society were influenced a little differently, this study focused on the point. There are four kinds of influences between temples and monks in regional areas. Monks in regional areas had a comparatively close relationship with a society because they came from same area or surrounding areas. Therefore,powers of regional areas restrict influences made by monk group in temple. Second, temples in regional areas shared their joys and sorrows depending on regional economy. Temples in regional areas became a public place for the society and often a market place. In fact, construction and existence of a temple originally became a driving force in regional economy. This is because construction of temple needs artisans and materials and some temples had visitors and included market economy like consumption of incense and candles, though the economic size was large or small. And when regional areas experienced natural disaster or man-made disaster or had poor harvest or economy was in depression, monks left temples and then, temples themselves could not exist. Third, the relationship between temples in regional areas and Buddhists was distinguished from the temples in urban areas and famous mountains. This is because temples in China were places where monks practiced and at the same time, places where general Buddhists worshipped. So there were always a number of Buddhists around the temples. Forth, Buddhism in resional areas was connected to regional Folk beliefs. As a result, Buddhism was spread across the nation, worship with local color often was changed to Buddhist belief or was tinged with Buddhism. While temples in regional areas maintained a close relationship with regional society.they were influenced by the region or gave influences. As a representative example, temples in regional areas showed model behaviors instead of roles of facilities related to various cultures with comparatively advanced level - for example, school, hospital etc. The temples highly affected funerary rites in regional areas. Chinese tombs were mainlymade in regional areas. After death,people living in urban areas were buried in hometown or at least, they were buried in suburbs not urban areas. Temples in regional areas generally participated in funerary rites. Above shows that though most of famous Buddhist temples were located in urban areas not in famous mountains,majority of temples were located in vast regional areas. Through mutual interaction between temples and regional society, the temples in the regional areas were related to Chinese people of over 90% and regional areas became the most important foundation for Buddhism in China. Mutual influences between temples in regional areas and the general public in regions were omnidirectional and spreaded to every aspects of social life in small or large degree. Thus Tombs in temple were widely spreaded across regional areas over time and space. This is enough to explain a close relationship between Buddhist temples and rural society in ancient China.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyze the risk of the forest fire, considering the topography and the forest, for establishing disaster prevention measures of cultural heritage, Uireung, over in Cheonjang-mountain. To do that, we estimate the occurrence and spread of the forest fire over in Cheonjang-mountain through a forest fire probability model(logistic regression), using the space characteristic data($100m{\times}100m$). The factor, occurrence of the forest fire, are diameter class, southeast, southwest, south, coniferous, deciduous, and mixed forest. We assume the probability of the fire forest in each point as follow : [1+exp{-(-4.8081-(0.02453*diameter class)+(0.6608*southeast)+(0.507*southwest)+(0.7943*south)+(0.29498*coniferous forest)+(0.28897*deciduous forest)+(0.17788*mixed forest))}]$^{-1}$. To divide dangerous zone of the big forest fire, we make the basic materials for disaster prevention measures, through the map of coniferous forests, deciduous forests, and mixed forest. The damage of cultural heritage caused by a forest fire will be reduced through the effective preventive measures, by forecast a forest fire to using this study.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.21-31
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• 2014

This study aims to comparison of spatial composition that Okhojeong garden and Seokpajeong garden. Construct background and space structure in both of Okhojeong garden and Seokpajeong garden is analyzed. The results were as follows. First, Okhojeong garden and Seokpajeong garden of the nobles gardens in late Joseon dynasty. They had the advanced techniques of contemporary based on their political power and wealth, and therefore could built garden and enjoy the garden culture of the upper layer. Furthermore, composition of the Okhojeong garden can be assumed that it is related to construction of the Seokpajeong garden through analysis of the relationship between builders. Secondly, Space structure of Okhojeong garden and Seokpajeong garden is divided into pavilion unit of small gardens with living space as the center. Construction pavilion in each garden space imbues certain landscape theme. In addition, authorization of characteristics of a place in each area is attempted through boundary establishment and selective garden culture of varied seasonal landscape. Thirdly, In Seokpajeong garden, most of construction characteristics of Okhojeong garden are appeared. This indicates that Seokpajeong garden was affected by space-configuration-technique of Okhojeong garden such as acceptation or modification recreation. Fourth, In many cases, fanciers regarding floriculture are expanded to enthusiasts in late Joseon dynasty. In Okhojeong garden and Seokpajeong garden, herbaceous ornamental is considered to be precious and garden materials such as water tray, stone couch, oddly shaped stone, potted plant, artificial hill, wisteria trellis are diversified at the time.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.69-75
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• 2021

This study investigated the status of disaster response, focusing on modern architecture. The modern architecture is drawing more attention and being more used in the local community among the architectural heritage in downtown collective. The railway employee residence area in Soje-dong, Daejeon is a collective building group, and the efforts to evaluate and preserve its historical, cultural, and architectural values have been underway. However, the area is now an undesignated cultural property that does not receive institutional protection. It carries significance in preserving it as a collective building group. Yet, since the main structure is made of wood, the risk of being destroyed by fire or disaster is high, and disaster prevention measures are insufficient. Therefore, this study examined the structural and non-structural conditions such as the arrangement and architectural characteristics of official residence buildings, and looked into measures of the construction of a disaster prevention system and residents' participation. To preserve the urban historical environment created as a collective architectural heritage, it is necessary that the area reinforces its own disaster prevention capabilities, such as establishing an effective disaster prevention system considering village characteristics, strengthening disaster prevention capabilities based on residents' participation, and forging formal and informal governance in the local community.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.365-376
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• 2019

Now, our urban space is composed of all kinds of sculptures that lost its individual charm in trend flows and street furniture standardized by the integrated design of standardized franchises and similar architectures per each region and autonomous districts. This study was to introduce the concept called the 'community furniture' in the urban environment that there is no an identity of the regional culture and a sense of place because of the mostly similar street environment. The purpose of this study is to propose the concept called the 'community furniture' referred to as public facilities that imply specific identities of some regions that have became the community art expanded into necessary facilities of urban composition as bus shelter's universal convenience and functionality have been preferentially handled and its regional identities are reflected. For doing this, this study fulfilled application alternatives of community furniture design's basic principles after examining the storytelling process of local cultural heritages and analyzing domestic and foreign cases of bus shelters. Results of this study are as follows. First, convergent synergy effects in information and culture and art sectors could be expected as bus shelters visually deliver storytelling factors that imply locally related images. Second, space and place's characteristics and sustainable design concepts embody local characteristics. They can suggest directions for vitalizing urban environment designs by being in harmony with surrounding environments. Third, it is expected that realizing distinctive places is possible as bus shelters with local communities' aesthetic consciousness and regionality are composed of new street spaces.