• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.1077-1086
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• 2006

This study aims at analyzing relationships between land use and habitat types of winter wildbirds to provide basic understanding of ecosystem for preservation and restoration of urban ecosystem in the future. The research area is Hanam City. Researches on land use types showed Hanam City had 79.1% of greenspace and openspace, but intensive urban development has been taking place in greenspace that is adjacent to urban districts. This has brought the problems of lack of greenspace in urban districts and damages to cultivated areas and grassland. A total of 61 and 8,642 populations of winter wildbird species were observed in research areas. Paradoxornis webbiann(16.91), Passer montanus(11.93), Pica pica(6.88) were dominant species. When they were divided according to habitat types, 20 species of interior species, 8 species of interior-edge generalist species, 12 species of edge species and 3 species of urban species were observed. When which land use type was mostly served as wildbirds habitats was examined, urban species(3 species and 290 populations) was a dominant species in urban districts while in greenspace and openspaece, water species(19species and 3,075 populations) including winter migratory birds was. Among greenspace and openspaece, edge species was dominant in forest while urban species was a dominant species in cultivated areas. This shows there is a need to improve diversity of wildbirds through restoration of cultivated areas in the central part of Hanam City.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.12-19
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• 1996

Urban parks, as remnant patches, of two older cities and two new towns can be analyzed by a landscape ecological approach. The index of patch shape, the dispersion of patches, the mean edge length, and the mean patch size of parks of each city are ocmpared. The findings of this study are as follows : 1) The mean edge length of urban parks of older cities is longer than that of new towns : Seoul>Suwon>Bundang>Ansan. 2) The mean patch size of urban parks in Seoul is much greater than those of other cities : Seoul> Ansan>Suwon>Bundang. 3) The index of patch shape of urban parks of older cities is greater than that of new towns : Seoul>Suwon>BundangAnsan. 4) The dispersion of patches is in the order of Bundang >Ansan>Seoul>Suwon. The new towns have relatively even distributions of urban parks than older cities. Further research is required to find out the relationship between the index of patch shape and patch interior dynamics.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.279-290
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• 2018

The importance of monitoring and assessing the status of urban forests in the aspect of urban forest management is emerging as urban forest edges increase due to urbanization and human impacts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of vegetation condition of urban forest edge that is affected by different land cover types using $NDVI_{max}$ images derived from FSDAF (Flexible Spatio-temporal DAta Fusion). Among 4 land cover types,roads had the greatest effect on the forest edge, especially up to 30m, and it was found to affect up to 90m in Seoul urban forest. It was also found that $NDVI_{max}$ increased with distance away from the forest edge. The results of this study are expected to be useful for assessing the effects of land cover types and land cover change on forest edges in terms of urban forest monitoring and urban forest management.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.243-252
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• 2005

Wavelet transform and its inverse processing provide the effective framework for data fusion. The purpose of this study is to investigate applicability of wavelet transform using texture images for the urban remote sensing application. We tried several experiments regarding image fusion by wavelet transform and texture imaging using high resolution images such as IKONOS and KOMPSAT EOC. As for texture images, we used homogeneity and ASM (Angular Second Moment) images according that these two types of texture images reveal detailed information of complex features of urban environment well. To find out the useful combination scheme for further applications, we performed DWT(Discrete Wavelet Transform) and IDWT(Inverse Discrete Wavelet Transform) using texture images and original images, with adding edge information on the fused images to display texture-wavelet information within edge boundaries. The edge images were obtained by the LoG (Laplacian of Gaussian) processing of original image. As the qualitative result by the visual interpretation of these experiments, the resultant image by each fusion scheme will be utilized to extract unique details of surface characterization on urban features around edge boundaries.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.317-323
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• 2012

Fragmented urban forests, as green islands within urban area, are the primary habitats for a vast number of different organisms inhabiting large cities. The areas of the urban forests are usually small, and hence, the proportion of the forest edge is relatively high. It is therefore expected that overall butterfly diversity may be lower than that of suburban or rural forests, and that those of grassland species, forest edge species, and generalist species with a wider niche breadth may be richer. Butterflies were surveyed weekly by the line transact method in order to characterize the butterfly community of the Hongneung Forest, a fragmented urban forest in Seoul. Butterfly richness of the study forest is much lower than those of main forests around or in Seoul. Grassland species, forest edge species, and generalist species were found to be richer, which was in agreement with the expected patterns of urban butterfly communities. Also, an endangered species, Spindasis takanonis, was observed in the Hongneung Forest, showing that urban forests play important roles for conservation of rare species.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.541-550
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• 2019

This study is to find out the proper planting and utilization plans for climbing plants in urban community gardens. As a result, a majority of respondents claimed that it is acceptable to plant climbing plants in their plots of the community garden. In particular, those who have experiences with gardening activities responded that climbing plants could be allowed in the community gardens. There was a high tendency to use climbing plants in community gardens for aesthetic or ornamental use and for creating fences. Many respondents also claimed that the climbing plants should be planted outside or on the edge of the garden and that the plants should not cross over to other plots. Those who responded that the climbing plants should be planted outside or on the edge of the community garden wanted to use the plants for aesthetic or ornamental use. Those who wanted to use the plants for creating shades responded that the plants should be planted outside or on the edge of the garden. For proper planting of climbing plants in the community garden, it is necessary to consider the height of the vertical plant support depending to the gap between the plots in the community gardens, the shape and color of flowers, leaves, and stems for aesthetic use, and mixing of plants for the duration of the shade period. Accordingly, introduction of climbing plants can be considered to increase the diversity of plants in urban community gardens.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2017

The base force element method (BFEM) is a new finite element method. In this paper, a degenerated 4-mid-node plane element from concave polygonal element of BFEM was proposed. The performance of this quadrilateral element with 4 mid-edge nodes in the BFEM on complementary energy principle is studied. Four examples of linear elastic analysis for plane frame structure are presented. The influence of aspect ratio of the element is analyzed. The feasibility of the 4 mid-edge node element model of BFEM on complementary energy principles researched for plane frame problems. The results using the BFEM are compared with corresponding analytical solutions and those obtained from the standard displacement finite element method. It is revealed that the BFEM has better performance compared to the displacement model in the case of large aspect ratio.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.789-798
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a cache algorithm based on user's context for enterprise/urban smallcell environments. The smallcell caching method is to store mobile users' data traffic at a storage which is equipped in smallcell base station and it has an effect of reducing core networks traffic volume. In our algorithm, contrary to existing smallcell cache algorithms, the cache storage is equipped in a edge server by using a concept of the Mobile Edge Computing. In order to reflect user's characteristics, the edge server classifies users into several groups based on user's context. Also the edge server changes the storage size and the cache replacement frequency of each group to improve the cache efficiency. As the result of performance evaluation, the proposed algorithm can improve the cache hit ratio by about 11% and cache efficiency by about 5.5% compared to the existing cache algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.155-163
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• 2012

This study was carried out to monitor reproductive responses of great tits in 17 urban forests in Daegu metropolitan city. The reproductive perspectives of great tits were surveyed by using 106 artificial bird nests, of which five or seven nests were set up in every urban forest. A ratio of artificial nests used by great tits for their reproduction was 27.4%. It was showing that forests, where the reproductive response was higher, was located at the edge of the city, or was known as having a good vegetation structure in the urban area. The laying date of a great tit was a little earlier in forests in the middle of the city. It might be dependent on the density of artificial land uses including a residential area and an industrial complex, which are able to increase an urban micro-temperature. Otherwise, natural forests or forest patches nearby natural forests located at the edge of the city were showing that the laying date of great tits was relatively later than the oneee in the forest in the middle of the city. There was a big difference of reproduction perspectives of great tit between the 1st and 2nd reproduction. In the 1st reproduction, a clutch size was larger, while an egg volume was so low. Otherwise, the clutch size was shown so smaller in the 2nd reproduction than in the 1st reproduction, while the egg volume was larger in the 2nd reproduction. It might be due to the survival strategy of a great tit to prepare the winter season for a juvenile. Many variables, regarding to the problem of climate changes, have been linked to the environment of urban area and the bird habitats. Finally, Monitoring a bird reproduction is a valuable work for managing an urban forest as well as for conserving a natural forest.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2022

Over the past 30 years, the tall building has seen unprecedented global support. With advanced innovation and many regions around the world discovering increasing growth rates, the tall, supertall, and megatall buildings continue to drastically alter the vertical urbanism of the cities they inhabit. For centuries, urban conditions in most major territories were predominately defined by the street wall and the spaces it shapes. Giambattista Nolli's 1748 Map of Rome most clearly illustrates this significance and possibly solidifies what generations would understand to be the predominant urban condition. As architects, it has been a city's lower vertical wall fabric that has often been the primary focus of efforts to craft an urban experience, and for good reason. Through recent examples of built and unbuilt KPF projects, this paper will explore an upper vertical wall fabric, an urbanism that not only exists at the ground but also within the troposphere.