• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.514-518
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• 1999

Portosystemic shunts in 3 Dogs with respiratory sign of cough and with dementia signs characterized by hypersensitivity, salivation, and seizure were diagnosed at veterinary teaching hospital of Seoul National University. In radiographs, microhepatica was observed. In abdominal ultrasonography, abnormal intrahepatic connections between the portal vein and the systemic vessels and tortuous vascularity were found. There was no complication such as ammonium urate urolith in kidney or urinary bladder, These dogs were treated with medicine and protein-restricted diet.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.399-403
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• 2007

In order to obtain practical application of Daehwangmokdan-tang gout disease, water extract of Gami-daehwangmokdan-tang(GDMT) added with Lonicera japonica is prepared through decoction and freeze drying. The effects were evaluated with blood sample from ICR mice treated with MSU intra-peritoneal injection 1 time a day, 3 days consecutively. The results were as follows. GDMT decreased BUN, creatinine and C-reactive protein level in serum significantly. But the HDL and LDL cholesterol levels were not changed in spite of positive tendency in HDL cholesterol. Triglyceride and uric acid levels were decreased significantly too. These results show that GDMT can be used effectively against the urate-related gout disease.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.149-153
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• 1987

Pyrazinamide, an amide of pyrazinoic acid, is widely used in combination with other drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis. It was attempted to observe the effect of pyridoxal on the pyrazinamide induce hyperuricemia in this study. It was observed that the values of serum transminases were not changed in mice injected pyrazinamide and pyrazinoic acid, respectively (100, 200, and 300mg/kg) compared with control. Blood urate levels were increased in mice treated with these drugs in a dose dependent manner. After pyrazinoic acid was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 300mg/kg pretreated with 50mg/kg of pyridoxal once daily for 4 days, the blood levels of uric acid and pyrazinoic acid were decreased significantly.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 1991

노화현상에 관련된 가설은 프로그램설, 세포손상축적설 등 다양하나 증거와 연구자료가 아직은 불충분하고 미흡하다. 현재 상당한 주목을 받고 있고 또 일견 설득력이 있는 것으로 수용되고 있는 oxygen species에 의한 세포손상축적 가설은 시험관 또는 생체 내에서의 실험과 관측을 통해 연구에 상당한 진전이 있음에도 노화현상을 해석하는 또 다른 실마리에 불과하다. Oxygen radical이 세포내의 거대분자들 중 DNA에 손상과 변이를 일으키거나, 우리기를 수반하지 않는 다른 기작에 의해 조직손상이 일어나면서 세포내의 유리기반응에 이차적 장애가 유도되어 세포내의 분자들이 훼손되거나 변화됨으로서, 이들 손상물이 시간과 더불어 축적하여 신체기능의 퇴행을 수반한 질병과 노화현상이 나타나게 된다는 것이다. 유리기에 대한 효과를 가지는 SOD, catalase, glutathione, peroxidase, metal-chelator와 chain-breaking 효과를 가진 alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotere, urate, ascorbate, ubiquinone, glutathione, protein-thiol 등 항산화물질의 적용과 섭취의 중요성이 인식되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.806-809
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• 1999

The present study showed the advantages of dried Bacillus subtilis culture (DBSC) supplementation on reducing ammonia gas release in the poultry house. In Experiment 1, 65-week-old Hyline W-36 hens were raised in individual wire-floor cages in a windowless house, and divided into two groups of 180 hens each. One group was fed diets without DBSC as the control and another group was fed a diet supplemented with 2% DBSC. In Experiment 2, 2-week-old broiler chicks were divided into 3 treatment groups of 20 chicks each and maintained in individual floor cages. One group was fed the diet without DBSC and other two groups were fed the diet supplemented with 1 or 2% DBSC, respectively. In experiment 1, DBSC consistently reduced ammonia gas release in the laying house (p<0.01) and manure storage facilities (p<0.01). incubation of feces for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 24 or 48 hours showed that DBSC consistently reduced ammonia gas release. In Experiment 2, DBSC reduced ammonia gas release in the broiler house; however, DBSC had no effect on total N, urate-N and ammonia-N contents of feces, but it improved cumulative N utilization and decreased serum urea-N concentration when chicks when chicks were fed 1% DBSC.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.35-40
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• 2006

Background: Inorganic arsenic is a human carcinogen that can target the liver, but its carcinogenic mechanisms are still unknown. Inorganic arsenic induces a spectrum of tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. Methods: Pregnant C3H mice were supplied with drinking water containing 50 ppm sodium arsenite during their pregnancy. The protein expression profile in the liver of 0.5-day-old. male offsprings exposed transplacentally to sodium arsenite was analyzed using protein 2D gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). Results: Expression of proteins such as hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase mitochondrial precursor (HMG-CoA synthase), ${\beta}$-actin (cytoplasmic 1) and apolipoprotein A-IV precursor (Apo-AIV) were induced in mouse liver by sodium arsenite, while uricase (urate oxidase), guanine nucleotidebinding protein beta subunit 2-like 1 (RACK1) and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B (Aldolase 2) were down-regulated. Summary: Expression of proteins that have been implicated in carcinogenesis, such as HMG-CoA, ${\beta}$-actin, and RACK1, was regulated in the liver of mice transplacentally exposed to inorganic arsenic.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.183-188
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• 1997

Familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by progressive renal disease and hyperuricemia or gout, affecting young people of either sex equally. There are two biochemical markers of this disorder. The first is hyperuricemia disproportionate to the degree of renal dysfunction; the second is a grossly reduced clearance of uric acid relative to creatinine, dispropotionate to age, sex and degree of renal failure. We experienced 2 family members with hyperuricemia. One family member, a 13-year-old girl who had suffered from tophaceous gout and chronic renal failure. Her younger brother also had hyperuricemia and moderately reduced renal function. Their urinary excretion fractions of uric acid($FE_{uric\;acid}$) were reduced and renal biopsy specimens showed interstitial fibrosis with tubular atrophy and interstitial urate crystal deposition. We have treated these two patients with allopurinol but we have done renal transplantation because she progressed to end stage renal disease at 16 year old age.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.88-90
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• 2020

A one year old spayed female Bichon Frise dog presented with gait abnormalities and seizure. Serum biochemical results showed elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and ammonia. Serum bile acid level was also increased to be over 30 μmol/L on preprandial. Urinalysis identified the presence of ammonium urate crystal. Abdominal ultrasonography and CT revealed aberrant, tortuous, and multiple small vessels connected to the caudal vena cava between left kidney and caudal vena cava. Macroscopic specific findings associated with extrahepatic congenital portosystemic shunts (PSS) or other liver diseases were not identified. Liver biopsy was performed. Histopathologic evaluation revealed hepatic lobular hypoplasia with portal arterial duplication and vascular shunts. Based on these finding, this case was diagnosed as multiple acquired PSS secondary to hepatic microvascular dysplasia (HMD) and hepatic encephalopathy. A liver biopsy is recommended to differentiate HMD from other liver diseases and to confirm HMD when a young dog has multiple acquired PSS.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.141-145
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• 2006

Uric acid is the end product of the purine degradation pathway in humans. It is catabolized to allantoin by urate oxidase or uricase (E.C. 1.7.3.3.) in most vertebrates except humans, some primates, birds, and certain species of reptiles. Here we provide evidence that mouse transthyretin-related protein facilitates the hydrolysis of 5-hydroxyisourate, the end product of the uricase reaction. Mutagenesis experiments showed that the residues that are absolutely conserved across the TRP family, including His11, Arg51, His102, and the C-terminal Tyr-Arg-Gly-Ser, may constitute the active site of mTRP. Based on these results, we propose that the transthyretin-related proteins present in diverse organisms are not functionally related to transthyretin but actually function as hydroxyisourate hydrolases.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 2023

This protocol clarifies a simple and precise method for measuring the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) enzyme inhibitor. XO enzyme, which accelerates oxidative stress-related disorders through its capacity to generate hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion radicals (O₂^•-), has been found to be inhibited by several plant extracts. Enzyme samples were incubated with a suitable buffer containing adequate amounts of xanthine as a substrate to determine XO activity. The method depends on direct measurements of uric acid and hydrogen peroxide production to test XO with and without interference. The CUPRAC reagent (Cu(Nc)₂²⁺) was used to inhibit enzyme reaction after incubation was complete. The generated urate and peroxide reduced the Cu(II)-neocuproine complex (Cu(Nc)₂²⁺) to a brightly colored Cu(I)-neocuproine complex (Cu(Nc)₂⁺), which was assessed with a spectrophotometer at 450 nm. XO activity was found to be directly related to the increased absorbance of the colored Cu(I)-neocuproine complex (Cu(Nc)₂⁺). To eliminate catalase enzyme interference, the proposed method used sodium azide and was validated against XO activity using the UV method in matched samples with t-test analysis. The proposed assay can determine XO activity with high precision, as indicated by the correlation coefficient (R² = 0.9935) from comparison with the reference protocol.