• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.47 no.5
• /
• pp.307-310
• /
• 2003

Ethanol extract of Actinidia polygama Max. (AP) was examined for hypouricemic activity in potassium oxonateinduced hyperuricemic animal model. Ethanol extract of AP lowered the plasma uric acid level by 20％ when compared to the hyperuricemic control group. AP ether fraction at a dose of 100 mg/kg showed 27％ reduction, whose efficacy was comparable to the probenecid-treated group. AP ether fraction-treated group also showed 23％ reduction of urate in urine and this result suggests that AP ether fraction has anti-gout activity probably due to xanthine oxidase inhibition.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.363-369
• /
• 2011

The present study elucidated the effect of the selective inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor $N^6$-(1-iminoethyl)-L-lysine (L-NIL) on monosodium urate (MSU) crystal-induced inflammation and edema in mice feet. L-NIL (5 or 10 mg/kg/day) was administered intraperitoneally 4 h before injection of MSU (4 mg) into the soles of mice hindlimb feet. Twenty-four hours after MSU injection, foot thickness was increased by 160% and L-NIL pretreatment reduced food pad swelling in a dose dependent manner. Pretreatment of 10 mg/kg/day L-NIL significantly suppressed the foot pad swelling by MSU. Plasma level of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites and gene expression and protein level of iNOS in feet were increased by MSU, which was suppressed by L-NIL pretreatment. Similar pattern of change was observed in nitrotyrosine level. MSU increased the gene expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ and interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ and L-NIL pretreatment suppressed MSU-induced cytokines expression. The mRNA levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase1 were increased by MSU and L-NIL pretreatment normalized the gene expression. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 was increased by MSU, which was suppressed by L-NIL pretreatment. The mRNA levels of iNOS, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IL-$1{\beta}$ were increased by MSU in human dermal fibroblasts, C2C12 myoblasts, and human fetal osteoblasts in vitro, which was attenuated by L-NIL in a dose dependent manner. This study shows that L-NIL inhibits MSU-induced inflammation and edema in mice feet suggesting that iNOS might be involved in MSU-induced inflammation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.797-804
• /
• 2016

In an acute toxicity test for Chrysanthemum indicum Linne, 0.5~10 g/kg of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne extracts were administered. Chrysanthemum indicum Linne did not produce acute toxicity even at high doses of 10 g/kg, making it a highly safe material. In the chronic toxicity test, oral administration of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne up to 2 g/kg was carried out for 13 weeks, showing liver non-toxicity. The gout inhibitory effect of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne extracts was measured by inflammatory cytokine expression and foot thickness after 24 h of monosodium urate crystal (MSU) oral administration when inflammatory cytokine production reached a maximum. The group administered 2~4 g/kg of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne extract showed an inhibitory effect on gout inflammation and edema, whereas the 10 g/kg administered group showed an increase in inflammation. Therefore, the moderate concentration of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne extract for gout inhibitory effect was under 4 g/kg. Chrysanthemum indicum Linne extract showed an anti-inflammatory effect on MSU as a relatively safe material at high capacity. These results indicate that Chrysanthemum indicum Linne extract is thought to be an excellent substance for gout prevention.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.86-90
• /
• 2003

An 8-month-old male infant presented with persistent, gross, orange-colored crystals in his urine. His physical and neurological development was normal. Laboratory study showed hyperuricemia, hyperuricosuria and urate crystaluria. He was determined to have partial hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase(HPRT) deficiency. The molecular genetic analysis revealed a missense mutation in the patient's HPRT gene. By sequencing the patient's cDNA, we identified an A-to-G transition at nucleotide 239, resulting in the replacement of Aspartate with Glycine at amino acid 80 in the HPRT. To our knowledge, this mutation has not previously been reported. Our patient is now being placed on allopurinol therapy, and has had no problem since. Partial HPRT deficiency has been known to cause recurrent acute renal failure without the phenotypic features of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Therefore, we think that early diagnosis and treatment are very crucial in preventing acute renal failure.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.39 no.6
• /
• pp.1126-1140
• /
• 1999

Renal failure is one of the main causes of economic impacts in the poultry industry and complex syndrome with different severity of clinical signs caused by multiple nephropathogenic factors such as infectious bronchitis viral infection and excess salt and calcium in diet. To evaluate the correlation between severity of renal failure and the causative nephropathogenic factors, one-day-old specific pathogen free chicks were treated with either single causative factor or multiple causative factors described as above. Each group was designed as control for non-treated control, IB for infectious bronchitis virus (IB virus) infection, IBHNa for IB virus infection with high diet salt, IBHCa for IB virus infection with high diet calcium, IBHNC for IB virus infection with high diet salt and calcium, HNa for high diet salt, HCa for high diet calcium and HNC for high diet salt and calcium. Chickens were inoculated with IB virus at 1-day-old and remained on their respective diets until 21 day of age. The high dietary salt feeding groups such as IBHNa, IBHNC, HNa, HNC increased water intake, watery diarrhea, general subcutaneous edema and the high dietary calcium feeding groups such as IBHCa and IBHNC showed severe visceral gout. Two more than treated groups caused high mortality in comparison with the single treated groups. IB virus exposure significantly increased urate deposition and lymphocytic interstitial nephritis. Especially urate deposition dramatically increased when excess diet calcium was combined together. In excess diet salt treated groups enlarged edematous kidneys were observed and hypertrophy of glomeruli were showed. These results suggest that IB virus enhanced the incidence and severity on chicken renal failure clearly related to the quantity of salt and calcium.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2006

Idiopathic renal hypouricemia is a disorder characterized by impaired urate handling in the renal tubules. Most patients with hypouricemia are asymptomatic and are found incidentally, but the condition is known to be at high risk for exercise-induced acute renal failure or urolithiasis. URAT1 protein encoded by SLC22A12 gene has been identified recently as a urate/anion exchanger in the human kidney. Inactivation mutations in SLC22A12 gene have been shown to cause renal idiopathic hypouricemia. We experienced a 3-year-old boy who presented with persistent orange-colored urine since infancy. His urine contained many uric acid crystals, while the serum showed hypouricemia(0.7 mg/dL). The fractional excretion of uric acid was increased to 41.7%. SLC22a12 gene analysis revealed W258X homozygote alleles. Renal hypouricemia must be included in the differential diagnosis of red-urine and SLC22A12 gene analysis is recommended in idiopathic renal hypouricemia.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.23-29
• /
• 2017

Objective : Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood uric acid levels, and its prevalence is rapidly increasing worldwide. Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus (AO) belonging to Zingiberaceae is one of well-known traditional medicines in China and Korea, and has been used to treat intestinal disorders, urosis, diuresis, and chronic glomerulonephritis traditionally. However, the effect of AO has not been studied. In this study we investigated the anti-hyperuricemic effect of AO, and the mechanisms underlying the effect in potassium oxonate (PO)-induced hyperuricemic rats. Methods : To examine the anti-hyperuricemic effects of the AO extract, serum uric acid levels were analyzed in normal and PO-induced hyperuricemic rats. The mechanism underlying the effects of the AO extract on uric acid levels was studied through xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity test and uric acid uptake assay in vitro. The chemical finger printing of the AO extract was analyzed using HPLC-DAD. Results : The AO extract significantly reduced serum uric acid levels in normal as well as PO-induced hyperuricemic rats. It also significantly inhibited the uptake of uric acid in oocytyes and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) expressing urate transporter (URAT)1, but not XOD activity in vitro. The chemical finger printing analysis of the AO extract showed nootkatone as a main component. Conclusion : The AO extract exhibits anti-hyperuricemic effects, and these effect were accompanied by increasing excretion of uric acid in kidney. Therefore, the AO extract could be used for prevention or treatment of hyperuicemia and gout.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.396-403
• /
• 2022

Objectives: Gout is an inflammatory arthritis of the joints and soft tissues occurring due to deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals, which are caused by persistent hyperuricemia. Soyeom pharmacopuncture is one treatment method that has been traditionally used for pain management in Oriental medicine. However, studies on its effect in reducing gout pain have been insufficient. Therefore, we selected Soyeom pharmacopuncture among natural products used in Korea as the new target of our study. Methods: The effects of Soyeom pharmacopuncture were examined in mouse models of acute gout induced by injection of MSU crystals into footpads. IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α production were examined by immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as hallmarks of NLRP3 inflammasome and cytokine activation. Results: Soyeom pharmacopuncture reduced foot edema in gout-induced mice, as well as IL-1β, nitrite, IL-6, and TNF-α production. Moreover, Soyeom pharmacopuncture also reduced MSU-induced gout inflammatory gene expressions, specifically those in the NF-kB pathway. Conclusion: Pharmacopuncture may serve as a new solution for other inflammatory diseases as well. Through active follow-up studies, we could thoroughly understand the clinical value of Soyeom pharmacopuncture.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.1087-1091
• /
• 2007

In order to obtain practical application of Yiyiren-tang against gout disease, water extract of modified Gami-Yiyiren-tang(GYYT) added with Lonicera japonica is prepared through decoction and freeze drying. The effects were evaluated with blood sample from ICR mice treated with MSU intra-peritoneal injection 1 time a day, 3 days consecutively. The results were as follows. GYYT decreased C-reactive protein level and HDL cholesterol levels. But the creatinine, the LDL cholesterol levels, triglyceride and uric acid levels were not changed were decreased significantly. These results show that GYYT can be used effectively against the urate-related gout disease. But not better than effects of the Gami-daehwangmokdan-tang.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.493-500
• /
• 2008

A 2-year-old female Pekingese dog was presented with primary complaints including exercise intolerance and neurological sign associated with hepatic encephalopathy. The major findings in clinical examination included an intermittent seizure, a slow heart rate with pulse deficit, leukocytosis and anemia in hemogram, elevated pre- and post-prandial serum bile acid and hepatic enzymes, hypoproteinemia, coagulopathy, ammonium urate crystaluria and bilirubinuria. Diagnostic tests revealed an intrahepatic portosystemic shunt complicated with a second degree atrioventricular block and QT prolongation. The case was successfully treated with a transvenous coil embolization. Clinical signs were gradually improved and cardiac bradyarrhythmia disappeared. This case is a rare case of intrahepatic portosystemic shunts complicated with a cardiac bradyarrhythmia in a small breed dog fixed by a transvenous coil embolization.