• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.160-160
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• 2009

Compartment syndrome is not uncommon in the forearm or lower extremity, but it is relatively rare in the upper arm. This rarity might delay the diagnosis, especially in the unconscious or intoxicated patient. Therefore, a high index of suspicion is needed to make an accurate, early diagnosis. Although excessive muscle strain leading to localized compartment syndrome is seldom encountered in the upper arm, three cases of compartment syndrome in the upper arm after blunt injury have been reported. Interestingly, there were no bony injuries in any of these patients. However, there are only two reports of isolated dorsal compartment syndrome after blunt trauma. The present report presents the case of a patient who had blunt trauma to the upper arm that resulted in the development of compartment syndrome in the isolated dorsal compartment of the upper arm.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 2020

Purpose: This study analyzed the immediate effects of intra-abdominal pressure with visual feedback on the muscle activation of the upper trapezius and sternomastoid during natural inspiration and forced inspiration in individuals with costal respiration. Methods: The eighteen individuals with upper costal breathing pattern participated in this study. Surface electromyography was used to analyze the muscle activity of the upper trapezius and sternomastoid during natural inspiration and forced inspiration before and after intra-abdominal pressure. Results: A significant difference in muscle activation was observed with the muscle type, inspiration type, and test session (p<0.05). The muscle activities of the sternomastoid and upper trapezius decreased significantly during forced inspiration after intra-abdominal pressure training (p<0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant difference during natural inspiration in both muscles (p>0.05). A comparison of the difference between the pre-test and post-test during forced inspiration revealed the upper trapezius to be significantly larger than the sternomastoid (p<0.05). No significant difference was noted during natural inspiration (p>0.05). Conclusion: The intra-abdominal pressure has positive effects on correcting the breathing patterns in individuals with costal respiration.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-4
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• 1989

To determine the thickness of coronal hard structure the minimal distance between pupal surface and outer surface of crown was measured by means of Bowley gauge on extracted first molars. Upper(28 teeth) and lower(24 teeth) were carefully collected from 30-39 years of age and male. The teeth were split mesio-distally through central pit. On the split surface various part which are deeply related in cavity preparation were measured (schematic drawing). The results were as follows: A : Distance from mesio-cervical enamel to pulp chamber surface. upper $2.63{\pm}0.19$(mm) Lower $2.18{\pm}0.27$(um) B : Distance from mesial chamber ceiling to mesial surface upper $2.75{\pm}0.34$ Lower $2.62{\pm}0.31$ C : Distance from mesial chamber ceiling to occlusal surface upper $3.82{\pm}0.51$ Lower $3.49{\pm}0.50$ D : Distance from distal chamber ceiling to occlusal surface upper $4.28{\pm}0.69$ Lower $3.90{\pm}0.52$ E : Distance from distal chamber ceiling to distal surface upper $2.79{\pm}0.45$ Lower $2.41{\pm}0.40$ F : Distance from disto cervical enamel to pulp chamber surface upper $2.49{\pm}0.24$ Lower $2.39{\pm}0.25$.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze the presence of ipsilesional movement deficit, with segmental performance in each proximal or distal upper extremity. The visuoperceptual complex task of the ipsilesional upper extremity was investigated in patients with unilateral brain damage and a control group of healthy sex-age-matched controls. Tracking movements were tested in the proximal and distal upper extremities. Movements were measured by the accuracy index, which was normalized to each subject's own range of motion and took into account any differences between subjects in the excursion of the tracking target. The findings revealed that stroke patients experienced difficulties with tracking movement of both proximal and distal segments in the upper extremities on the so-called "non-affected side", irrespectively of the extent of patient's age, time since onset, or severity of contralateral upper extremity. Therefore, the unilateral brain damage affected ipsilateral motor function of the proximal and distal upper limbs in the performance of complex motor tasks, requiring central processing and the higher order cognitive function in the integrity of both hemispheres.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.685-699
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• 1991

The purpose of this report is to review vertical dysplasia such as openbite or deep bite in skeletal Class III malocclusion and their treatment modality and to present two cases treated with MEAW. The results obtained were as follows A. Open bite case 1. The treatment time was 3 year 8 months. 2. Upper and lower incisors showed extrusion and especially lower anterior alveolar process showed remodelling. 3. The mesially inclined upper and lower molars were uprighted and especially lower first molars showed extrusion that means remodelling of alveolar bone. 4. Normal overbite and overjet were established. 5. Mandible showed slight clockwise rotation. 6. Maxilla showed slight downward bending of ANS part. 7. Upper lip showed downward drop and lower lip showed retraction and touch between upper and lower lip was established. 8. Tongue posture of post-treatment was more raised than pretreatment. B. Deep bite case 1. The treatment time was 1 year 8 months. 2. Upper incisors showed intrusion and labioversion and lower incisors showed slight intrusion and linguoversion. 3. The lower molars showed distal uprighting and intrusion and upper molars showed mesial movement and extrusion. 4. Normal overbite and overjet were established. 5. Maxilla did not show downward movement. 6. Mandible showed slight clockwise rotation. 7. Lower lip showed retraction and downward drop and upper lip showed downward drop.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.310-316
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• 2006

Fitness of clothes becomes a major concern in apparel industry. But male sports athletes had difficulties to buy ready-made clothes of good fit. Because ready-made clothes manufactured in companies are produced accordingly to the general person's body types. To solve this problem, it is necessary to classify athletes' upper body into several kinds of somatotypes. The purpose of this study was to classify upper body types of male sports athletes based on the analysis of their upper body types and to provide fundamental data on the development of ready-to-wear clothing appropriate for the upper body types. The subjects for anthropometric measurement were 189 male sports athletes of 20 to 29 year-old. The result of factor analysis indicated that 6 factors were extracted from anthropometric measurements through analysis and those factors comprise 73.807% of total variance. 3 clusters were categorized using 6 factor scores by cluster analysis. Type 1 was taller than other types, had average size in circumference, width and thickness and was bending somatotype. Type 2 exhibits a large circumference in the upper body and straight somatotype. Type 3 was characterized by short, exhibits a large circumference in waist, abdomen and hip and swayback somatotype.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.2065-2070
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• 2020

Background: Weakness of the abdominal and mid thoracic muscles the lead to thoracic kyphosis of stroke patients. The trunk muscles activity of stroke patients is significantly related to upper extremity. Objectives: To investigate the effect of seated exercise of thoracic and abdominal muscles on upper extremity function and trunk muscles activity in stroke patients. Design: One-group pretest-posttest design. Methods: A total of 27 stroke patients were recruited. All stroke patient were given seated abdominal exercise (posterior pelvic tilt exercises) and thoracic exercise (postural-correction exercise). All exercises were conducted for 30 minutes, three times a week for four weeks. The manual function test (MFT) and electromyography (EMG) were measured, and EMG electrodes were attached to thoracic paraspinal muscles and lower rectus abdominal muscles. EMG signal is expressed as %RVC (reference voluntary contraction). Results: Experimental group showed significant increases in abdominal muscles, paraspinal muscles activity and MFT total score, items of arm motion (forward elevation of the upper extremity, lateral elevation of the upper extremity, touch the occiput with the palm) in MFT after four weeks. Conclusion: These results suggest that, in stroke patients, seated exercise of thoracic and abdominal muscles contribute to improve trunk muscles activity and upper extremity function in stroke patients.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.310-318
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to assess the soft tissue changes of upper lip & nose using 38 patients who treated with Le Fort I osteotomy for the correction of dentofacial deformities. Patients were devided into three groups. One was advancement group of maxilla(Group I, N=14), another was impaction group of maxilla(Group II, N=12) and the other was combination group(advancement & impaction)(Group III, N=12). Preop. and 1 month postop. (T1), preop. and 6 months postop.(T2) were analyzed and compared. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The upper lip thickness(UL-VP) moved anteriorly approximately 62% of the horizontal maxillary change and this was significant in the advancement group(Group I) 2. The upper lip length(Stm-Sn) and the lower border of upper lip(Stm) moved superiorly 25%, 40% of the maxillary impaction group(Group II) (P<0.05) 3. There was significancy in the upper lip thicness(UL-VP) approximately 56% of the combination group(Group III) (P<0.05) 4. The nasolabial angle decreased in all groups, but there were no significancy.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.575-581
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• 1992

It is a very important procedure to establish the occlusal plane in the construction of complete denture. So many methods have been utilized to establish the occlusal plane in complete denture prosthodontics. However, no single method seems to fully accepted. This study was aimed to review the literature on establishing the occlusal plane in complete denture prosthodontics, to measure the distance from the lower border of the upper lip to the upper incisal edge and to investigate the correlation between the ala-tragus line and the occlusal plane. The results ware as follows ; 1. The average distance between the lower border of the upper lip and the upper incisal edge was $1.45{\pm}1.28mm$. 2. The distance between the lower border of the upper lip and the upper incisal edge had a tendency to decrease with age. 3. A angle of the ala-tragus line to the occlusal plane measured with Fox plane was $-1.41{\pm}2.33^{\circ}$. 4. The ala-tragus line to occlusal plane was nearly parallel, cosidering curve of spee in the upper natural teeth.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.185-204
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to obtain the data for stable and accurate techniques of the free throw in basketball. The subjects of this study were seven male basketball player consisted of college students athletes. Free throw motions were taken by video camera. The three-dimensional coordinates was processed by DLT. The variables were the velocity, the angular velocity of the upper extremity segments, degree, and angular momentum. The result of analysis is summarized as follows. 1. The velocity and angular velocity of the upper extremity segment was showed an gradual increase and a smooth velocity transfer, transferring from proximal segment to distal segment at free throw motion in basketball. 2. The local term and remote term angular velocity momentum of the proximal segment showed larger than that of the distal segment in X, Y, Z axis component all. 3. The remote term angular momentum was showed larger than that of the local term angular momentum in X, Y, Z axis component all. 4. The angular motion of the upper trunk and upper arm, upper arm and forearm was showed in opposite direction and symmetrical angular momentum in local term angular momentum of the Y and Z axis component. 5. All the segments of upper extremity segment was showed left rotation in remote term angular momentum of the Y axis component and right rotation in remote term angular momentum of the Z axis component.