• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.77-91
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• 2007

In this paper, we present a symbiotic evolutionary algorithm for multi-objective optimization. The goal in multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) is to find a set of well-distributed solutions close to the true Pareto optimal solutions. Most of the existing MOEAs operate one population that consists of individuals representing the entire solution to the problem. The proposed algorithm has a two-leveled structure. The structure is intended to improve the capability of searching diverse and food solutions. At the lower level there exist several populations, each of which represents a partial solution to the entire problem, and at the upper level there is one population whose individuals represent the entire solutions to the problem. The parallel search with partial solutions at the lower level and the Integrated search with entire solutions at the upper level are carried out simultaneously. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with those of the existing algorithms in terms of convergence and diversity. The optimization problems with continuous variables and discrete variables are used as test-bed problems. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제28권4A호
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• pp.208-215
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• 2003

H-ARQ를 적용한 시스템에서 최대 수율(throughput)을 얻기 위한 Target PER을 수치적 해석 방법을 이용하여 구하였고 시뮬레이션 과정을 통하여 검증하였다. 수치적 해석 방법을 위하여 chase combine의 효과는 해밍 거리가 증가하는 효과로 간주하였고 이를 바탕으로 수율 계산식과 터보 부호에서 평균 상호값(Average upper bound)을 이용한 PER간의 연계식을 유도하여 최적의 Targer PER값을 구했다. 그 결과 H-ARQ방법이 적용된 경우 현재 3GPP2 표준에 선정되어 있는 5%에 비해 더 높은 6% target PERㅇ에서 최대 수율이 나타나는 결과를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.170-174
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• 2018

농어목 전갱이과에 속하는 Caranx melampygus 1개체(표준체장 113 mm)가 2010년 8월 13일 제주도 서귀포시 대포동의 정치망에서 처음으로 채집되었다. 이 종은 형태적으로 우리나라에 서식하고 있는 줄전갱이(C. sexfasiatus)와 유사하지만 주둥이 끝이 눈의 말단을 이르지 않는 점과 주새개골의 상단에 검은 반점이 없는 것이 특징이다. 이 미기록종의 종명은 줄전갱이와 비교할 때 상대적으로 작은 입을 가지고 있어서 "작은입줄전갱이"로 제안한다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.91-102
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• 2015

Two patients, diagnosed as cervical spinal cord injury, were hospitalized and treated by Korean medical interventions with Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES). The range of motion of the shoulder joint, manual muscle test were adopted to measure the resulting motor recovery after treatment. And the Korean version of Barthel index (K-MBI) was adopted as a method of measuring the improvement of quality of life after treatment. The range of motions and muscle strengths of the shoulder joints were improved. The activities of daily living were slightly improved in case 2, but showed no improvement in case 1. FES was effective for upper extremities rehabilitation of spinal cord injured patients. Further studies are needed to set up an Korean medical protocol for spinal cord injury rehabilitation.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제33권3_4호
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• pp.365-377
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• 2015

For a (molecular) graph, the first and second Zagreb indices (M₁ and M₂) are two well-known topological indices, first introduced in 1972 by Gutman and Trinajstić. The first Zagreb index M₁ is equal to the sum of the squares of the degrees of the vertices, and the second Zagreb index M₂ is equal to the sum of the products of the degrees of pairs of adjacent vertices. Let $K_{n_1,n_2}^{P}$ with n₁ $\leq$ n₂, n₁ + n₂ = n and p < n₁ be the set of bipartite graphs obtained by deleting p edges from complete bipartite graph K_n1,n2. In this paper, we determine sharp upper and lower bounds on Zagreb indices of graphs from $K_{n_1,n_2}^{P}$ and characterize the corresponding extremal graphs at which the upper and lower bounds on Zagreb indices are attained. As a corollary, we determine the extremal graph from $K_{n_1,n_2}^{P}$ with respect to Zagreb coindices. Moreover a problem has been proposed on the first and second Zagreb indices.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.405-422
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• 2010

Occupational musculoskeletal disorders currently account for the largest proportion of the occupational illnesses in Korea. In this research, status of musculoskeletal disorders among the occupational illnesses was examined through workers' compensation claims data. Types and characteristics of musculoskeletal disorders were looked at other data set as well. The data sets included epidemiological investigation data reported by Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, and data collected from occupational disease surveillance reports and Korean occupational health-related scientific journals. Number of cases, incidence rate and insurance benefits for occupational musculoskeletal disorders in Korea are increasing every year. In addition, musculoskeletal disorders occurrence is shifted from large enterprises group to small-and-medium group, from manufacturing to service sector, and from production workers to office and professional workers. Although low back pain is still most common, its occurrence characteristics is gradually shifted from traumatic to cumulative while musculoskeletal disorders are somewhat seemingly moved from lumbar to upper limb body part. Musculoskeletal disorders were observed to be more diverse and prevalent in epidemiological investigations or surveillance data rather in workers' compensation claims data. Musculoskeletal disorders occurrence is related to demographic factors, occupational psychosocial factors, and ergonomic risk factors at workplace for which appropriate preventive measures needed to be made accordingly.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.1733-1757
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• 2017

Let $R={\oplus}_{{\alpha}{\in}{\Gamma}}R_{\alpha}$ be an integral domain graded by an arbitrary torsionless grading monoid ${\Gamma}$, ${\bar{R}}$ be the integral closure of R, H be the set of nonzero homogeneous elements of R, C(f) be the fractional ideal of R generated by the homogeneous components of $f{\in}R_H$, and $N(H)=\{f{\in}R{\mid}C(f)_v=R\}$. Let $R_H$ be a UFD. We say that a nonzero prime ideal Q of R is an upper to zero in R if $Q=fR_H{\cap}R$ for some $f{\in}R$ and that R is a graded UMT-domain if each upper to zero in R is a maximal t-ideal. In this paper, we study several ring-theoretic properties of graded UMT-domains. Among other things, we prove that if R has a unit of nonzero degree, then R is a graded UMT-domain if and only if every prime ideal of $R_{N(H)}$ is extended from a homogeneous ideal of R, if and only if ${\bar{R}}_{H{\backslash}Q}$ is a graded-$Pr{\ddot{u}}fer$ domain for all homogeneous maximal t-ideals Q of R, if and only if ${\bar{R}}_{N(H)}$ is a $Pr{\ddot{u}}fer$ domain, if and only if R is a UMT-domain.

• 복식
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• 제22권
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• pp.333-344
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• 1994

In this study an experiment was made using the function of computer simulation os to whether the phenomenon of optical illusion takes place also in clothing on the human body three-dimensional space through the case study of the Gestalt illusion of planar con-traction and expension by amodal completion in perceptual organization. One woman of latter 30s was selected as the experimental subject. She was made to wear the experimental clothing and then the frontal picture was projected of in the experimental clothing which was scanned into the com-puter. For the sake of the contractive experiment 5 stages were divided by 5-15cm the thick-nes of the black vertical line in the center of the upper garmet as the variable and for the sake of the expansive experiment the skirt length was set as the variable. It length measured 50-90cm which was divided by 10cm into 5 stages and simulated using the CAD. The basic design and the experimental de-sign were made one pair and the pictures totalled 20 pictures such as ten pictures save the human body for the estimation of the up-per garmet alone and ten pictures for the ob-servation of the effect on the human body. The extimating panel consisting of 20 panellers estimated contraction/expansion in the estimation of the upper garmet and the tall effect/the slim effect in the estimation of optical illusion as the estimating factors on the 9-point scale. All the date from experiment were analyzed by ANOVA(analysis of variance) and DUNCAN'S multiple range. As a result the experimental designs all showed a significant optical illusion in comparision with the basic design.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2008

Roll forming process is one of the most widely used processes in the world for forming metals. It can manufacture goods of the uniform cross section throughout the continuous processing. However, process analysis is very difficult because of the inherent complexity. Therefore, time is consuming and much money are needed for manufacturing goods. In order to overcome this difficulty, a new computational method based on the rigid-plastic finite element method is developed for the analysis of roll forming process. In this paper, the design of roll forming process and the simulation are performed to manufacture the upper member at under rail composed of three members. The cold rolled carbon steel sheet(SCP-1) is used in this simulation, and a flow stress equation is set up by conducting the tensile test. The upper member is designed using two types of design for a excellent design. Each types are simulated and compared with the strain distribution using SHAPE-RF software. In addition, the numerical magnitude of bow and camber which are the buckling phenomenon is estimated.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권9호
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• pp.3449-3467
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• 2015

A broadcast operation is the fundamental transmission technique in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). Because a broadcast operation can cause a broadcast storm, only selected forwarding nodes have the right to rebroadcast a broadcast message among the one-hop and two-hop neighboring nodes of a sender. This paper proposes the maximum intersection self-pruning (MISP) algorithm to minimize broadcasting redundancy. Herein, an example is given to help describe the main concept of MISP and upper bounds of forward node have been derived based on induction. A simulation conducted demonstrated that when conventional blind flooding (BF), self-pruning (SP), an optimized link state routing (OLSR) multipoint relay (MPR) set, and dominant pruning (DP), are replaced with the MISP in executing Strong duplicate address detection (DAD), the performances in terms of the energy consumption, upper bounds of the number of forward nodes, and message complexity have been improved. In addition, to evaluate the performance in reference to the link error probability, P_e, an enhancement was achieved by computing a proposed retransmission limit, S, for error recovery based on this probability. Retransmission limit control is critical for efficient energy consumption of MANET nodes operating with limited portable energy where Strong DAD reacts differently to link errors based on the operational procedures.