• 유기물자원화
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2016

농경지에 작물재배를 위한 양분재료의 과다한 투여는 주변 수계로의 양분유출을 증가시킬 수 있다. 고추재배시 사용되는 양분재료는 화학비료, 우분퇴비, 돈분퇴비 등이 대표적이다. 볏짚은 벼 재배의 부산물로 밭 농사에서 잡초발생 억제, 토양수분 보존, 유기물 재료로 널리 사용된다. 본 연구는 노지 고추 재배에서 밭 고랑을 볏짚으로 피복할 때 강우로 발생하는 표면 유출수에 의한 양분유출 특성을 파악하기 위해 수행하였다. 시험구는 양분재료를 기준으로 하여 화학비료, 우분퇴비, 돈분퇴비로 구분하였고 양분투입량은 토양검정 시비량에 준하여 처리하였다. 각각의 시험구는 화학비료 또는 우분퇴비, 돈분퇴비를 시용한 후 볏짚으로 덮은 경우(피복 처리구)와 덮지 않은 경우(무피복구)로 구분하였다. 화학비료 처리구와 우분퇴비 처리구의 볏짚 고랑 피복 처리는 무피복구 보다 T-N (총질소)의 유출이 각각 $1.4kg\;ha^{-1}$, $2.1kg\;ha^{-1}$ 감소하였다. 반면에 화학비료 처리구와 우분퇴비 처리구, 돈분퇴비 처리구의 볏짚고랑 피복 처리는 무피복구 보다 T-P (총인)의 유출이 각각 $2.1kg\;ha^{-1}$, $2.1kg\;ha^{-1}$, $0.2kg\;ha^{-1}$ 증가하였다. 볏짚은 질소 0.4 %, 인산을 0.3 % 함유하고 있고 증류수에 볏짚을 담근 후 3주일 내에 인산 성분이 유출되므로 T-P의 유출은 고랑을 피복한 볏짚에서 기원한 것으로 추정된다. 무피복구에 비하여 고랑 볏짚 피복구는 잡초발생이 줄었다. 그러나 붉은 고추의 수확량은 무피복구와 볏짚피복구 간에 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 결론적으로, 고추밭 고랑을 볏짚으로 과다하게 피복하면 T-P의 유출을 유발할 수 있으므로 고랑을 피복하는데 적정한 볏짚량을 산정하기 위한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다고 판단되었다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.318-318
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• 2017

This study was conducted to find optimum mixed sowing ratio of green manure crops to reduce the use of chemical fertilizer as well as to increase the crop yield potential which will foster the utilization of green manure crops in the upland field in view of environment friendly agriculture. According to the study, the mixed ratio, 50:50, of hairy vetch and green barley showed highest nitrogen production yield in the soil due to the relatively higher organic nitrogen supply from the hairy vetch plant as well as nitrogen fixation from the air rather than other mixed ratio. In the 50:50 mixed ratio of hairy vetch and green barely total nitrogen amount in the soil showed 17.2kg per 10a, but in the other treatment ratio such as 75:25, 25:75. total nitrogen fixation amount were 16.7, 16.9 respectively. We also conducted the experiment to compare the effect of the mixed sowing treatment of green manure crops on the production of corn cultivated as a succeeding plant of hairy vetch. According to the result, the mixed ratio, 50:50, of hairy vetch and green barley treatment showed highest yield potential of corn as 153kg per 10a in seed weight which is due to the relatively higher organic nitrogen supply from the hairy vetch plant as well as nitrogen fixation from the air rather than other mixed ratio. In the mixed sowing treatment of hairy vetch 100 and barley 0 ratio, the corn production showed 148kg per 10a which is 5kg lower than that of hairy vetch 50 and barley 50 ratio, but showed statistically no difference between those two treatment. Otherwise, different treatments, such as hairy vetch 75 and barley 25, 25 and 75, 0 and 100 showed statistically different each other. Therefore, it was concluded that green manure crops, such as hairy vetch, green barley and rye were very effective crops to increase the soil fertility and gave the positive effect to the crops to give vegetative and propagative growth condition and, in turn, increased the yield potential. We have to make policy to enhance the utility of green manure crops in the upland crops as well as faddy field for the soil fertility and crop yield production which will guarantee prominent quality of environment friendly agriculture products.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1999년도 추계 학술대회지
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• pp.102-144
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• 1999

The major problems of food crop cultivation in Korea are low yield of most crops except rice. inefficient cultivation techniques for aged farmers. and low international competibility. Therefore, development of cultivation techniques of food crops should aim the yield. quality improvement, labor reduction and production cost. The primary issue for increasing the yield of soybean, barely and wheat is to reduce the yield gap between the farmer's yield and recommended ones of experiment station. More advanced cultivation techniques needs to be developed. and/or the conventional breeding methods to be reconsidered. The newly developed labor-saving mechanized technique needs to reduce labor hours , and the cost of agricultural implements and machineries. In other words the labor-saving mechanized technique should be developed based on the improvement of total farming system as well as systemic fundamental innovation of cultural methods. The efficiency of solar energy use in food production of Korea in 1997 is as low as $0.52{\%}$ so there is much room to increase yield. It is recommendable that the concept of food Production should be changed to energy Producing efficiency Per unit area basis from volume and weight of food materials. Moreover, introduction of resonable cropping system is needed to increase yield of main crops, farmer's income, solar energy use efficiency, and decrease of land service expenditure. Current cropping system emphasized on economic crops. especially in vegetables , is not desirable for resonable use of arable land. stability of agricultural management and staple food crop self-sufficiency ratio. It is desirable to increase food crops . that are energy of carbohydrate and protein rich and land dependent crops. in cropping system. And the agronomist should develop the cultural methods to replace food crops for food self-sufficiency and stable farming management instead of economic crops in current cropping system. Low-input and environmentally-sound crop cultivation techniques, especially nitrogen-reducing culture technique which is directly related to food crop quality, also needs to be developed urgently. The extended cultivation of corn in upland and barely and wheat in lowland as a feed stuffs is recommended to prevent further decrease of food self-sufficiency ratio, which is mainly caused by the high reliance on imported feed grain. It is also considered that the calculation and presentation methods of standard agricultural income needs to be improved. The current calculation method uses unit land area of 10a regardless of crop kinds , characteristics of agricultural management and cultivation scale. So, it is apt to lead misunderstanding of farm income value. Therefore. it should show an income of average farmers for certain number of years. Research and developing system for food producing is not desirable because they are conducted currently individual crop and mono-culture basis. But actual agricultural income is usually earned by cropping system including upland and lowland. For example. the barley and wheat is usually cultivated in double cropping system. The cooperation among research institutes such as university agribusiness. government and farmers is indispensible. The public information and education on importance and consumption habit of food crops is necessary in Korean society to increase food self-sufficiency through nationwide cooperation.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2017

Recently, agricultural lands have decreased sharply, which was caused by huge housing site, urbanization, land consolidation, and road construction etc. In particular, Yangju city near Seoul city has the most severe land use change in Korea. Therefore, we analyzed changes of land use, soil properties, and soil information in order to provide the basic soil information and soil management practices in this city. The area of crop cultivated land in Korea (2015) reduced by 12,090 ha compared to ones from the previous year (2014). The paddy field decreased by 25,421 ha but, upland field increased by 13,331 ha. One of the reasons for the reduction of the paddy field was converting paddy field to upland (20,916 ha) > others (3,056) > building (2,571) > public facilities (847) > idle land (217). But, reasons for increase of upland field were switching paddy to upland (20,916 ha) > land developed (634). The main reason of converting paddy field to upland was changing from rice to more profitable speciality crops or pulses. The cropland area (paddy fields, upland, orchard) of Yangju city reduced by 1,412 ha (2015/2014). The ratio of cropland area in each city reduced by 22.9% dramatically compared 2015 to 1999. The paddy fields located in alluvial plains in Yangju city were changed into upland or green house. The drainage classes of soil have been deteriorated because the flows of water were intercepted by road construction and other disturbance to water flows. In particular, paddy fields have been changed to not only upland, orchard, greenhouse cultivation but also to fallow and soil dressing on paddy in Yangju city. To analyze result of soil survey of Yangju city, 858 soil codes (soil phases) were used and the area was 105.17ha. The number of soil series increased from 60 to 65, and that of soil phase increased from 105 to 124. The largest increased area was Noegog soil series. 125.7ha of Neogog soil series was incorporated from the existing Sachon, Yecheon and Eungog soil series. The soil suitability class of paddy field in Ogjung huge housing site of Yangju city was the 4th grade for 32.6% of the area. The soil suitability classes of upland were 2nd and 3rd grade for 72.4% of the area. Farm land with high quality should be conserved by related law.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.202-202
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• 2022

Recently days, soybean production in paddy field is increasing, from 4,422 ha in 2016 to 10,658 ha in 2021 in Korea. It is easy for Phytophthora stem and root rot (PSR) occurring in paddy field condition, when it is poorly drained soils with a high clay content, and temporary flooding and ponding. Therefore PSR resistant soybean cultivar is required. The objective of this study is to identify QTL region and candidate genes relating to PSR resistance of the race in main soybean cultivation area in Korea. 210 soybean materials including cultivars and germplasm were used for inoculation and genome-wide association study (GWAS). Inoculation was conducted using stem-scar method with 2 replications in 2-year for the race 3053 from Kimje and 3617 from Andong. 210 materials were genotyped with Soya SNP 180K chip, and structure analysis and association mapping were conducted with QTLMAX V2. The results of inoculation showed that survival ratio ranged from 0% to 96.7% and mean 9.7% for 3053 and ranged from 0% to 100% and mean 7.6% for 3617. Structure analysis showed linkage disequillibrium (LD) was decayed below r²=0.5 at 335kb of SNP distance. Significant SNPs (LOD>7.0) were identified in Chr 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, 14, 15 for 3053 and Chr 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 14 for 3617. Especially, LD blocks (AX-90455181;15,056,628bp~AX-90475572;15,298,872bp) in Chr 2 for 3053 and 3067 were duplicated. 29 genes were identified on these genetic regions including Glyma.02gl47000 relating to ribosome recycling factor and defense response to fungus in Soybase.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2012

This study was performed to produce basic data for silty reclaimed tidal lands and to develop techniques of environmentally-friendly utilization in agricultural system. We chose the two sites in Saemangeum reclaimed tidal lands, one (Site I) has been treated with cultivating green manure and conducting the desalinization process through submergence since April, 2007 and the other (Site II) has been under natural condition without artificial treatment. In situ and ex situ physic-chemical properties were determined and comparisons were made for soil profiles examined at these two sites in April 2009. Surface soil of Site I had lower EC and higher field saturated hydraulic conductivity than those of Site II, uncultivated land. Especially, exchangeable sodium content was lowest in Site I Ap1 layer than in other layers. This is probably due to flooding desalination and green manure cultivation. Besides, Ap1 and A2 layers of soil profile in Site I showed brighter soil color and more root observation than those of Site II. This is probably due to green manure cultivation. By the large, for high cash upland crops and intensive agricultural use of silty reclaimed tidal land, site-specific soil ripening such as flooding desalination and green manure cultivation could be useful.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.520-529
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• 2017

In Korea, the largest agricultural lands are paddy fields which have poor infiltration and drainage properties. Recently, Korean government pursuits cultivating upland crops in paddy fields to reduce overproduced rice in Korea. In order to succeed this policy, it is critical to set criteria suitability classification for upland crops cultivating in paddy field soils. The objective of this study was developing guideline of suitability classification for sesame cultivation in paddy field soils. Yields of sesame cultivated in paddy field soils and soil properties were investigated at 40 locations at nationwide scale. Soil properties such as topography, soil texture, soil moisture contents, slope, and drainage level were investigated. The guideline of suitability classification for sesame was determined by multi-regression method. As a result, sesame yields had the greatest correlation with topography, soil moisture content, and slope. Since sesame is sensitive to excessive soil moisture content, paddy fields with well drained, slope of 7-15% and mountain foot or hill were best suit for cultivating sesame. Sesame yields were greater with less soil moisture contents. Based on these results, area of best suitable paddy field land for sesame was 161,400 ha, suitable land was 62,600 ha, possible land was 331,600 ha, and low productive land was 1,075,500 ha. Compared to existing suitability classification, the new guideline of classification recommended smaller area of best or suitable areas to cultivate sesame. This result may suggest that sesame cultivation in paddy field can be very susceptible to soil moisture contents.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.353-357
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• 2023

This study evaluated the effect of lignin biochar on Kimchi cabbage cultivation in an upland field. Each of the inorganic fertilizers (IF, applied at 32-7.8-19.8 kg/10a=N-P-K), lignin biochar (LBC, applied at 1,000 kg/10a), improved LBC (LBC+N, applied at 1,000 kg/10a), and LBC+IF treatments areas were separated by a control (Cn) treatment area. The fresh weight of Kimchi cabbage increased in the order LBC+N > IF > LBC+IF > Cn > LBC treatments, and the length and width of the leaf were ranged from 20.8-25.7 and 13.7-15.8 cm/plant in all treatments. After Kimchi cabbage harvesting in the LBC+N treatment, soil quality improved bulk density, pH, OM, TN, and Av-P₂O₅ than those other treatments. In addition, the total N₂O flux in LBC+N LBC+N was lower than in IF treatments. Therefore, improved lignin biochar application effectively improves Kimchi cabbage cultivation and can benefit the agricultural environment.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.370-377
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• 1992

작물재배기간중(作物栽培期間中) 재배작물(栽培作物)의 종류(種類), 잔사(殘渣)의 토양환원(土壤還元) 및 시비량(施肥량)을 달리 했을때 토양미생물(土壤微生物)의 종류(種類)와 수(數), 토양이화학성(土壤理化學性), 작물생육등(作物生育等)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 알고자 일연(一連)의 포장시험(圃場試驗) 및 실내시험결과(室內試驗結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 작물(作物)의 종류별(種類別) 미생물수(微生物數) 변화(變化)는 밭벼 재배토양(栽培土壤)에서 세균(細菌)과 방선균(放線菌) 수(數)가 많았으나 고추와 참깨재배토양(裁培土壤)에서 세균(細菌), 방선균(放線菌) 및 사상균수(絲狀菌數) 변화(變化)에는 크게 영향(影響)하지 않았다. 2. 생산된 작물잔사(作物殘渣)를 전양환원(全量還元)시 고추, 참깨, 대두(大豆) 및 밭벼토양(土壤) 모두 미생물수(微生物數) 증가(增加)를 보였으며 그 정도(程度)는 밭벼 재배시(栽培時) 세균(細菌)과 방선균(放線菌) 수(數)의 증가(增加)가 더욱 뚜렷하였다. 3. 시비량(施肥量)의 증가(增加)는 공시(供試)된 4개(個) 작물(作物)에서 모두 미생물수(微生物水)의 현저(顯著)한 감소(減少)를 보였으며 특(特)히 방선균(放線菌)의 감소(減少)가 더욱 현저(顯著)하였으며 수확후(收穫後) 미분해(未分解) 작물(作物) 잔사환원(殘渣還元)은 시비량증가(施肥量增加)로 인(因)한 미생물수(微生物數) 감소(減少)를 막아주는 완형작용(緩衡作用)의 기능(機能)을 보였다. 4. 공시토양(供試土壤)의 세균(細菌) 분리동정결과(分離同定結果) 바실러스속(屬)>리조비움속(屬)>아그로박테리움속(屬)>슈도모나스속(屬) 세균(細菌)의 순(順)으로 균수(菌數)가 많았으며 전체적(全體的)으로 볼때 그램양성균(陽性菌)이 그램음성균수(陰性菌數)보다 많았다. 5. 작물별(作物別) 세균(細菌)의 종난(種難)와 수(數)를 보면 바실러스속(屬) 세균(細菌)은 고추에서, 리조비움속(屬)은 대두(大豆)와 참깨에서, 아그로박테리움속(屬)은 대두(大豆) 및 참깨재배지(栽培地)에서 많은 수(數)를 보였다. 6. 미생물(微生物)의 서식지별(棲息地別) 수(數)는 근표면(根表面)이 토양(土壤)이나 근권(根圈)에 비해 수십배(數十培) 내지(乃至) 수백배(數百培) 이상(以上) 많았으며 다음은 근권(根圈)이었다. 바실러스속(屬), 리조비움속(屬) 및 슈도모나스속등(屬等)의 세균(細菌)은 근표면(根表面)에서 뚜렷이 많은 수(數)를 보였고 아그로박테리움속(屬) 세균(細菌)과 후사리움속(屬) 사상균(絲狀菌)은 근권(根圈)에서 많았다. 7. 작물재배지(作物栽培地) 토양(土壤)에서 미생물수변화(微生物數變化)에 미치는 영향(影響)은 기후(氣候)>작물(作物)>유기물(有機物)>시비양(施肥量)의 순(順)으로 컸다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2012

간척 농경지에 밭작물을 도입하려는 노력은 쌀 과잉 생산문제와 더불어 작물 다양화를 통한 농가소득 증진을 위해 오랫동안 관심의 정책지원 대상이었다. 본 연구에서는 장래 간척 농경지 전작의 도입에 따른 수질환경 영향을 평가하기 위해 청보리를 대상 작물로 비료 종류에 따른 경지 내 비료성분 물질수지를 분석 비교하였다. 비종처리는 화학비료, 축분퇴비, 무시비 세 수준에 대해, 지표수, 토양수, 토양, 작물체 영양물질을 조사하여, 포장단위 물질수지 분석을 수행하였다. 동계 청보리 재배로 강우 유출 사상이 적어 지표 유출을 통한 비료성분 유출은 미미하였다. 토양수의 질소와 인산 농도는 각각 축분퇴비와 화학비료 시비구 표층에서 높게 나타났지만, 토심이 깊어짐에 따라 그 농도가 낮아져 70cm 깊이에서는 무처리구와 유사하여 지하침투가 크지 않은 것으로 사료된다. 축분퇴비를 시비한 경우 토양유기물 농도가 다른 처리구에 비해 증가하였고, 인산농도 또한 증가하였다. 이는 축분퇴비의 높은 유기물 함량이 토양 인산보유능력의 향상에 일부 기여하기 때문으로 사료된다. 청보리 수확량은 축분퇴비구가 10.6 t/ha로 화학처리구에 비해 약 3.7 t/ha 컸고, 질소 이용율도 52%로 화학비료 처리구 48%보다 높게 나타났다. 동계 청보리 재배에 따른 영양물질의 포장 물질수지 분석 결과 지표 유출이나 지하침투에 의한 손실은 미미하였고, 작물 흡수와 토양 축적이 주요 유출 경로이었다. 다만, 표층 토양 및 토양수의 영양물질 축적은 하계 집중 호우 시 지표나 지하로 손실될수 있어 적절한 영농관리가 필요하다. 또한 인산의 경우 질소에 비해 작물 흡수율이 낮아 토양 축적 가능성이 크고, 특히, 질소 대비 인산의 함량이 높은 축산퇴비 시용 시 토양 인산축적을 고려한 시비량 결정이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.