• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.51 no.5
• /
• pp.401-407
• /
• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of onion cultivation under paddy and upland condition on the yield and storage of onion bulbs. In comparison of soil conditions, nitrogen, phosphate, potassium content and average temperature in upland condition were higher than those of paddy condition, but calcium, magnesium, sodium and water content in paddy condition were higher than those of upland condition. The growth of aerial part was better in upland cultivated condition. It showed that bulb formation in paddy cultivated condition was faster during in early growth stage, but was slower during in late growth stage. Average bulb size and weight were higher in upland cultivated condition, but dry weight per 100 g fresh weight and bulb hardness were higher in paddy cultivated condition. Sugar contents, inorganic compounds, nitrogen, phosphate and potassium content of onion were higher in upland cultivated condition, but calcium, magnesium and sodium content of onion were higher in paddy cultivated condition. In distribution of onion bulb size, most of large sized onions were produced in upland cultivated condition. Average bulb production for seed harvesting were $63{\sim}70%$ higher in paddy cultivated condition than that of upland cultivated condition. The rotted rate of onion was about $27.2{\sim}34.6%$ in paddy, $37.5{\sim}51.4%$ in upland cultivated condition respectively, showed favorable result as the difference of $8.7{\sim}24.2%$ in paddy cultivated condition.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.56 no.1
• /
• pp.94-98
• /
• 2011

Proximate chemical components (protein, oil, carbohydrate, ash, fiber, and starch) were determined from tubers grown in upland and wetland conditions. The contents of crude protein, oil, carbohydrate, and starch were higher in upland condition than in wetland condition. Eight gibberellins were commonly identified and quantified in leaves and tuber of chufa grown in wetland and upland field during growing season. Gibberellin content was always higher specifically in the leaves and tubers grown in wetland condition than in those grown in upland condition. The current knowledge of gibberellin biosynthesis suggests that the two endogenous bio-active gibberellins both $GA_1$ and $GA_4$ are differently metabolized according to cultural conditions. Major gibberellin biosynthesis route is ascertained dominantly the non C-13 hydroxylation pathway leading $GA_4$ in chufa plants.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.50 no.6
• /
• pp.387-393
• /
• 2005

The effect of cattle manure with the rates of 2 and 4 ton $l0a^{-1}$ for winter rye and summer corn cultivation, respectively, on the dry matter (DM) yield and nitrogen (N) uptake were investigated during successive three­year conversion period from paddy to upland condition in paddy field. The changes in soil properties and soil N sup­plying capacity during repetitive manure application were a1so examined. Growth and DM yield of upland forage crops, especially. winter rye were hindered highly by poor soil condition in the first year after conversion from paddy to upland condition, so apparent recovery of cattle manure N by crops was very low in the first conversion year. But, DM yield and N uptake of upland forage crops were increased linearly by accumulative input of cattle manure along with mineral N enrichment in soil, which also increased apparent recovery of cattle manure-No It seemed that those increases were mainly due to the improvement of soil properties such as soil mineral N, soil organic matter (soil carbon), potentially mineralizable N and bulk density by accumulative input of cattle manure rather than the increase of soil N supply according to accumulative conversion period from paddy to upland condition. It was derived that conversion period from paddy to upland condition over 2 years is needed to obtain proper DM yield in paddy field and accumulative inputs of cattle manure during the conversion period is more influential to the continuous increment of DM yield and N uptake of upland crop as well as of potential N supplying capacity of soil.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.304-311
• /
• 1993

To find out suitable crops and their rotation years with rice for paddy-upland rotation, continuous rice cropping and rice with 1, 2 and 3 years cropping of upland crops(soybean, maize and job's tears) were tested for four years from 1989 to 1992. Rice yield, when averaged over rotation years for each crop, was increased ranging from 7% to 12% when compared with that of continuous rice cropping. With every crop, rice yield of 2 year upland rotation was higher than that of 1 year upland rotation, but rice quality seemed to deteriorate in paddy-upland rotation. When considering yields of the upland crops, 1 year rotation was the best condition for soybean and job's tears, with 3 years rotation being the best for maize. In paddy-upland rotation, number of weed species and its occurrence rates were reduced in paddy and upland condition and the reduction rates in paddy condition were higher than those in upland condition. Physical properties of soil were improved in paddy-upland rotation and airphase seemed to increase with increasing upland period.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2022.10a
• /
• pp.100-100
• /
• 2022

This study was conducted in 2021 using Kwangpyeongok and Gangdaok, that showed good yield performance both under upland and lowland conditions in the previous year. The experiments were carried out by sowing on April 22, May 14, May 30, June 19, and July 10, with aim to determine optimum sowing date in central region of Korea. The growing degree days (GDD) required to read the flowering stage were 1375.5-1725.3℃ for upland and 1582.7-1982.4℃ for lowland condition. The lowest GDD was observed in July 10 sowing regardless of ridge formation both under lowland and upland conditions for Kwangpyeongok. However, Gangdaok showed the lowest GDD under no-ridge in lowland and high-ridge in upland, both of which were sown on June 19. The difference in GDD between no-ridge and high-ridge treatment was little depending on the sowing date. In both lowland and upland, there was no significant difference between no-ridge and high-ridge treatments in stover dry matter, ear dry matter, and TDN between no-ridge and high-ridge treatments. Under upland condition, no significant difference in biomass and TDN was observed among sowing date treatments and between varieties. Under lowland condition, biomass production was severely reduced in May 30 sowing treatment, whereas no varietal difference was observed. Reduced biomass in May 30 sowing treatment may be due to excess waterlogging and lodging by rainfall.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.25-30
• /
• 1980

Lowland and upland rice were grown concurrently under the both lowland and upland conditions. Yield and its components such as one liter weight, 1, 000 grain weight, number of grain per panicle and number of panicle per hill were compared between varieties and between cultural conditions. Variations of rice quality were also observed about amylose content, alkali digestion value and protein content between varieties and cultural conditions. Most of lowland varieties showed high growing vigour and yielding ability in lowland culture, and they also showed high variations between the lowland and upland cultures compared to upland variety. Upland varieties were revealed higher adaptability in productivity to the lowland condition than upland condition.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.157-162
• /
• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the change of weed community on paddy-upland rotation in 1996. In paddy-upland rotation, dominant weed species in paddy condition were Cyperous amuricus, Echinochloa crus-galli, Rotara indica and Lindernia procumbens. They were E. crusgalli, Digitaria sanguinalis and C. amuricus in upland condition. The number of weed occurrence on paddy and upland rotation reduced about 74-78% as compared with continuous paddy and upland condition. Similarity coefficient and Simpson index on paddy and upland rotation was 8-64, 0.34-0.35, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 1979

Lowland and upland rice were grown under the both of lowland and upland conditions. Ecological variations in plant characteristics such as plant height, leaf emergence, length of leaf blade, leaf angle, leaf width, heading date, culm length, panicle length and straw weight were observed. Plant height, leaf emergence and heading were accelerated under the lowland condition for both lowland and upland varieties, while leaf length, leaf angle, leaf breadth, number of leaves were increased in upland condition for both lowland and upland varieties.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2022.10a
• /
• pp.99-99
• /
• 2022

This study was carried out to select the excellent silage maize varieties customized for paddy cultivation that is vulnerable to lodging and waterlogging in the central and region. Ten varieties (Kwangpyeongok, P3394, etc.) were sown with 3 replicates in Suwon, Gyeonggi-do. It was sown twice in April and June of each year in 2020-2021 and harvested during the yellow ripe stage suitable for silage. The number of days to flowering stage in lowland condition increased up to 11 days compared to that in upland condition. In April seedling, varieties that showed a relatively small decrease in biomass production and total digestible nutrients (TDN) under lowland condition compared to upland condition were Gangdaok and Kwangpyeongok in 2020, and Dacheongok, Gangdaok and Kwangpyeongok in 2021. Kwangpyeongok, Gangdaok, and Sinhwangok showed relatively higher biomass production and TDN than the other varieties under lowland compared to upland in both 2020 and 2021. Our results suggest that Kwangpyeongok and Gangdaok are suitable silage maize varieties for lowland cultivation in the central region of Korea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.55 no.2
• /
• pp.98-104
• /
• 2010

Excess nitrogen (N) uptake of rice, which could cause much lodging, disease and reduction of rice quality, could be occurred at the paddy field with previous upland condition at which much soil N could be mineralized by soil-drying effect. N fertilizers of 0, 3, and 6 kg N $10a^{-1}$ were applied to early-maturity rice, cultivar Joanbyeo at the paddy field of first and second year after upland condition, and rice growth and nitrogen uptake were investigated to know the increase of rice N uptake at the paddy field with previous upland condition for one-year. Total dry matter (DM) and N uptake of rice at the paddy field with previous upland condition increased more than continuous paddy field. Total DM and N uptake of rice at the paddy field with previous upland condition increased linearly to N fertilizer 6 kg $10a^{-1}$ at the paddy field owing to vigorous growth compared to continuous paddy field. Rice N uptake was higher at the paddy field of the first year than the second year after upland condition in considering N uptake at the plot of no N fertilizer. Vigorous growth at the paddy field with previous upland condition resulted in higher rice yield which was related with high panicle and spikelet, but much N fertilizer as much as 6 kg $10a^{-1}$ at the paddy field with previous upland condition resulted in higher lodging and protein content of brown and milled rice. Particularly, protein content of brown and milled rice increased more when the same N fertilizer was applied two times splitly at transplanting and panicle initiation stage than when N fertilizer was applied one time at transplanting as basal N. N application with under 3 kg $10a^{-1}$ as only basal N was recommended at the paddy field with previous upland condition to obtain high quality rice without lodging.