• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.530-534
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• 1990

방선균의 한 종인 Thermoactinomuces sp. CH-53이 퇴비에서 분리되었다. 분리된 이 균은 pH 6.5-9.5, 수분 55-65의 무살균계분에서 왕성히 성장하며, 밀기울 배지에 포자를 충분히 착생시켜 시판의 배합사료에 1 비율로 첨가하여 닭에 급여해서 방선균의 생균수가$10^7-10^8$. cell/g에 도달하는 계분을 얻었으며, 처리 동안 악취성분이 소실되었다. 처리된 계분의 비료효과실험은 pot에서 Brassica rapa var. perviridis의 생육조사에서 다량시용에도 생육저해가 없었으며 질소함량으로 pot당 0.4g에 해당하는 시용구에서 최대생산을 보였다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.431-436
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• 1998

The present study is concerned with the bacteriological examination of retort pouched loach soup and soybean paste soup containing mud snail. It was found that before sterilization, viable cell counts (c.f.u/ml) in their media were for the loach soup 3.80${\times}$106 on TSA, 2.27${\times}$102 Endo agar, 5.20${\times}$102 on SS agar. With the culture media, SDA and TCBS, no microorgarnisms were isolated from the both soups. Sixteen species of microorgarnisms were identified for the unsterilized soups. In the loach soup on TSA, B. pantothenticus was the dominant species, followed by S. dysenteriae, C. sporogenes and some others were also identified, such on TSA, B. marinus was the dominant species, followed by S. aureus, S. saccharolytics and P. tetradius, S. adorifera, E. ictahuri, E. gergoviae, E. coli were also identified. On Endo agar, the two soups showed a similar bacteriological pattern, in which entrobacterium such as E. gergoviae and E. coli were identified. Particularly K. subsp. rhinoscleromatis for the loach soup. On SS agar, S. ficaria and P. prevotii in the loach soup, S. ficaria and P. tetradius in the soybean paste soup were identified respectively. Bacteriological examination was also carried out for the spoiled retort pouched soup in the market, in which thirteen microorgarnisms were isolated and its pattern almost similar to that before sterilzation. They were B. pantothenticus, S. dysenteriae, C. sporogenes, P. gergoviae, E. ictaluri, S. ficaria, K. subsp. rhinoscleromatis in the loach soup and B. marinus, S. aureus, S. saccharolytics, P. tetradius, E. ictaluri, S. ficaria, S. adorifera in the soybean soup.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.59-63
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• 1988

인삼종자의 배생장에 미치는 온도 및 내과피의 영향을 구명하는 한편 미숙배의 생장적온과 후숙배의 저온처리 및 발아적온을 밝히기 위하여 본 실험을 수행하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 1$0^{\circ}C$ 이하에서는 종자 내과피의 유무에 관계없이 배의 생장은 정지되고 휴면상태로 되어 있다. 2) 15$^{\circ}C$ 및 2$0^{\circ}C$에서는 내과피제거＋종자소독 종자의 배생장이 현저히 촉진되었으며 다음이 무처리대조구종자였고 내과피를 소독한 종자의 배생장은 무처리대조구종자에 비해 지연된 결과를 나타내었다. 3) 각 처리종자 모두 2$0^{\circ}C$보다는 15$^{\circ}C$에서 배의 생장속도가 가장 빨랐던 바 고려인삼종자 배의 생장 최적온도는 15$^{\circ}C$ 근처로 인정된다. 4) 배 후숙종자의 저온처리는 5$^{\circ}C$에서 100일간의 처리가 종자발아에 가장 효과적이었다. 5) 저온처리를 필한 배 후숙종자의 발아 적온은 15$^{\circ}C$ 근처였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.100-105
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• 1988

계분(鷄糞)과 볏짚 혼합물을 Thermoactinomycetes vulgaris로 처리하므로써 악취가 나지 않고 작물(作物) 생육(生育)을 촉진시키는 생물비료(生物肥料)를 제조하였다. 비료(肥料) 제조(製調)의 처리조건은 온도 $50^{\circ}C\;pH\;8.0{\sim}8.5$, 수분함량(水分含量) 60% 였으며 발효(醱酵) 2일(日) 후에는 악취 성분으로 알려진 휘발성 지방산이 사라졌으며 결과적으로 계분(鷄糞)의 악취가 제거되었다. 제조(製調)된 비료(肥料)의 비료실험(肥效實驗)은 pot에서 Brassica rapa var. previdis의 생육(生育)을 조사(調査)함으로서 행하였다. 생물비료(生物肥料)는 황산암모니아, 건조계분(鷄糞), 평지깻묵 보다 작물생육(作物生育)을 촉진 시켰으며 다량(多量)의 시용(試用)으로도 생물(生物)의 생육(生育)저해가 작았다. 질소함량으로 pot당(當) 0.8g에 해당하는 생물비료(生物肥料)를 함유(含有)하는 시용구(試用區)에서 작물(作物)의 최대생산량(最大生産量)을 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.920-924
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• 2007

Two experiments were carried out on a laboratory scale. The first involved a study of the effect of green tea on characteristics of fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB). FJLB was treated with 50 g/L of green tea products as follows: new shoot powder (FJLB+N), leaf powder (FJLB+L), commercial powder (FJLB+P), sterilized new shoot powder (FJLB+SN), sterilized leaf powder (FJLB+SL) or sterilized commercial powder (FJLB+SP). FJLB without any additive was also prepared (Untreated FJLB). After incubation, the number of microorganisms in FJLB were studied. Subsequently, these FJLB were applied at 10 ml/kg to chopped rhodesgrass to study their effects on fermentation. Compared with untreated FJLB, the addition of green tea increased (p<0.05) lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and also aerobic bacteria counts in FJLB. At 60 d of ensiling, all the FJLB treated silages were well preserved, pH and butyric acid content were lower (p<0.001) and lactic acid was higher (p<0.001) than that of the control. Lactic acid content was significantly higher (p<0.001) with treated FJLB than with untreated FJLB. FJLB treated with sterilized green tea decreased (p<0.001) the pH and the lactic acid content was higher (p<0.001) than that in the unsterilized green tea silages.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.178-184
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• 2015

This work aims to utilize wastes from the potato starch industry to produce single-cell protein (SCP) with high lysine content as animal feed. In this work, S-(2-aminoethyl)-_L-cysteine hydrochloride-resistant Bacillus pumilus E1 was used to produce SCP with high lysine content, whereas Aspergillus niger was used to degrade cellulose biomass and Candida utilis was used to improve the smell and palatability of the feed. An orthogonal design was used to optimize the process of fermentation for maximal lysine content. The optimum fermentation conditions were as follows: temperature of 40℃, substrate concentration of 3%, and natural pH of about 7.0. For unsterilized potato starch wastes, the microbial communities in the fermentation process were determined by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Results showed that the dominant population was Bacillus sp. The protein quality as well as the amino acid profile of the final product was found to be significantly higher compared with the untreated waste product at day 0. Additionally, acute toxicity test showed that the SCP product was non-toxic, indicating that it can be used for commercial processing.

• Mycobiology
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.206-218
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• 2011

The seed-borne mycoflora of sorghum and foxtail millet collected from different growing areas in South Korea were isolated and taxonomically identified using dry inspection, standard blotter and the agar plate method. We investigated the in vitro and in vitro germination rates of disinfected and non-disinfected seeds of sorghum and foxtail millet using sterilized and unsterilized soil. The percent recovery of seed-borne mycoflora from the seed components of sorghum and foxtail millet seeds was determined and an infection experiment using the dominant species was evaluated for seedling emergence and mortality. A higher number of seed-borne fungi was observed in sorghum compared to that of foxtail millet. Eighteen fungal genera with 34 fungal species were identified from the seeds of sorghum and 13 genera with 22 species were identified from the seeds of foxtail millet. Five dominant species such as Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme and Phoma sp. were recorded as seed-borne mycoflora in sorghum and 4 dominant species (Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme) were observed in foxtail millet. The in vitro and in vitro germination rates were higher using disinfected seeds and sterilized soil. More seed-borne fungi were recovered from the pericarp compared to the endosperm and seed embryo. The percent recovery of seed-borne fungi ranged from 2.22% to 60.0%, and Alternaria alternata, Curvularia lunata and 4 species of Fusarium were isolated from the endosperm and embryo of sorghum and foxtail millet. Inoculation of the dominant seed-borne fungi showed considerable mortality of seedlings. All the transmitted seed-borne fungi might well be a primary source of infection of sorghum and foxtail millet crops.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.333-342
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• 1974

In September 1974, a survey was conducted towards 900 women respondents, each representing a household, residing in 18 selected Myuns(townships) of 18 Guns(counties) in Kyunggi-Do. Fifty households were selected randomly in each Myun and the sample Myuns were also randomly selected from the 18 Guns home-visiting interviews were carried out by Myun level maternal and child health workers with questionnair forms designed to measure the maternal and child health status at each household. Major findings obtained from this survey can be summarized as follows: 1. Of the women responents who were investigated in this survey, 13.1% of them were comprised in the illiterates, indicating no difference in literacy rate from that in most urban areas. 2. Most(93.8%) of the respondents were found to have married at ages of 20-24 years old. 3. Most(85.8%) of the respondents were found to have delivered their first babies at ages of 20-24, while only 13.4% had their first babies at 25-29. 4. About 22% of the respondents had 2 children, while 19% and another 19% had 2 and 4 children, respectively. 5. A great majority of the respondents (78%) experienced not a single death of a child within the family, while about 17% experienced death of one child. 0.7% of the women experienced deaths of 4 or more children. 6. 18% and 17% of the women experienced 4 and 3 pregnancies, respectively, and 12% of them experienced 7 or more pregnancies. 7. About 29% of the women experienced an induced abortion at least once. Nearly 2% of them were found to have experience of 4 or more induced abortions. 8. One half (51%) of the women were found to have received prenatal guidances in the latest pregnancies by (Ub(town) and Myun (township) level maternal and child health workers at least once or more times. 9. 52% women received professional prenatal care in the latest pregnancies: 24% at hospitals or clinics and 20% at health centers. 10. Most (89%) of the last-born children were delivered at home, while only 8.7% were delivered at hospital or clinics. 11. Materials used at delivery comprise vinyl (40%), cement bags (32%) ana gauzed or absorbent cottons (19%). 12. The largest preportion of the attendants at delivery comprises mothers in-law (48). Only 24% were found to be attended by either doctors, midwives or maternal and child health workers. 13. In most (90%) of the deliveries scissors were used to cut the umbilicus. But most (7%) of them used unsterilized scissors, 6 while only 20% of them used sterilized ones. 14. About 68% of the last-born babies were breast-fed for 12 months or more. Those who weaned during 6-12 months were 21%. 15. During 12 months after birth, 65% of the last-born babies were breast-fed, while 24% were given a combination of breast milk and cooked rice. 16. About nine out of the 10 births were found to be registered. 17. 71% of babies received BCG vaccination, while 79% and 56% received samllpox and DPT vaccinations, respectively within a year after birth. Those who were vaccinated against poliomyelitis were about 50%. 18. About 87% of the respondents recogninized the existence of government-sponsored maternal and child health guidance program.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2003

Since water borne infection causes acute diseases and results in spread of diseases by secondary infection, the prevention is very important. Therefore, it is necessary to have a method that is rapid and effective to monitor pathogenic bacteria in drinking water. In this study, we employed a systematic method, Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis, to develop an effective monitoring system for possible bacterial contaminants in drinking water. For this purpose, PCR primers were derived from 992 bp region of the 16s rRNA gene that is highly conserved through the different species of prokaryotes. To test whether the PCR primers designed are indeed useful for detecting all the possible microbial contaminants in the water, the primers were used to amplify 16s rRNA regions of different microbial water-borne pathogens such as E. coli, Salmonella, Yersinia, Listeria, and Staphylococcus. As expected, all of tested microorganisms amplified expected size of PCR products indicating designed PCR primers for 16s rRNA indeed can be useful to amplify all different microbial water-borne pathogens in the water. Furthermore, to test whether these 16s rRNA based PCR primers can detect bacterial populations present in the water, water samples taken from diverse sources, such as river, tap, and sewage, were used for amplification. PCR products were for then subjected for cloning into a T-vector to generate a library containing 16s rRNA sequences from various bacteria. With cloned PCR products, RFLP analysis was done using PCR products digested with restriction enzyme such as Hae III to obtain species-specific RFLP profiles. After PCR-RFLP, the bacterial clones which showed the same RFLP profiles were regarded as the same ones, and the clones which showed distinctive RFLP profiles were subsequently subjected for sequence analysis for species identification. By this PCR-RFLP analysis, we were able to reveal diverse populations of bacteria living in water. In brief, in unsterilized natural river water, over 60 different species of bacteria were found. On the other hand, no PCR products were detected in drinking tap-water. The results from this study clearly indicate that the PCR-RFLP-sequence analysis can be a useful method for monitoring diverse, perhaps pathogenic bacteria contaminated in water in a rapid fashion.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2007

비살균 가공 쌀가공품의 오염미생물을 제거/불활성화하는 제어기술을 개발하여 쌀 가공식품에서 가스발생 효모에 의한 저장유통성 문제를 개선하고자 하였다. 부패된 떡볶이용 쌀가공품에서 부패효모를 직접 분리한 후 Pichia anomala, Candida tropicalis등과 같이 에탄올과 유기산의 항미생물제를 처리하여 생육저해를 분석하였다. 20% 에탄올, 1% 아세트산, 혹은 1% 젖산을 각각 처리하면 효모의 생육저해현상이 크지 않았으나 이 에탄올에 각각의 유기산을 혼합하면 효모의 생육저해가 현저함을 알 수가 있었다. 이와 같은 처리제로 30분간 처리에 의하여 효모숫자를 6 log cfu/ml까지 저감화 할 수가 있었다. 아울러 이 복합위생처리제의 온도를 $20^{\circ}C$에서 $50^{\circ}C$로 높혀서 처리하면 그 살균효과가 더 커지는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 $50^{\circ}C$의 20% 에탄올과 1%의 아세트산 혹은 젖산으로 30분간 처리하면 쌀 가공품의 초기 부패균인 효모의 생육을 저해할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 이러한 결과는 특별한 살균처리 없이 저장유통중인 식품소재의 효모에 의한 품질저하를 줄이는데 활용될 수 있으리라 사료된다.