• International Area Studies Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.423-453
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• 2010

This study aims at quantifying potential economic effects on the Korean economy of a China-Korea FTA and a Japan-Korea FTA using a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. Most of the previous studies on them used static CGE models. Key findings of this study are that a China-Korea FTA would lead to a higher increase in Korea's exports and economic growth than a Japan-Korea FTA and that both a China-Korea FTA and a Japan-Korea FTA would cause additional trade deficits to Korea, which would be minuscule compared to Korea' economic trade volume. Since potential economic impacts on Korea's industry output and exports by sector of a China-Korea FTA and a Japan-Korea FTA are forecast to be complementary, i.e., major sectors which would run trade deficits from a Japan-Korea FTA would run trade surpluses from a China-Korea FTA, a simultaneous pursuit of both a China-Korea FTA and a Japan-Korea FTA would be more desirable and beneficial to Korea. This study shows that a dynamic CGE model which can take explicit account of international capital mobility and ownership is required for more precise estimation of effects of the FTAs.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.95-126
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to quantify the potential economic effects of Non-Agricultural Market Access (NAMA) negotiations of the WTO on automotive industry of the world using a multi-region, multi-sector Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model with 21 countries/regions and 22 sectors. According to the December 2008 NAMA modalities text, issued by the chair of the negotiation on NAMA, three different scenarios of tariff liberalization of NAMA are conducted on the basis of the Swiss formula with a coefficient of 8 for developed members and 20 for developing (scenario 1), with a coefficient of 8 for developed members and 22 for developing (scenario 2) and with a coefficient of 8 for developed members and 25 for developing (scenario 3). Simulation results show potential economic effects at the macroeconomic and microeconomic level of 21 countries concerned. In particular, Korea is to be one of the winners of tariff liberalization of NAMA in the WTO and Korean automotive industry is to benefit from it to a large extent in terms of its output, domestic sales, exports and trade balance, which implies that Korea needs to actively engage in NAMA negotiations of the WTO.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.308-313
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• 2009

This study was conducted to design and fabricate a heat pump that can produce some weather conditions similar to those of the dry season of the rough rice in Korea, and to investigate basic performances of the apparatus. During the drying test, the amount of energy consumption and drying characteristics were measured at four different temperature levels ranging between 20$^{\circ}C$ and 50${^{\circ}C}$. In the psychrometric chart, the freezing capacity and refrigerant circulation ratio of the heat pump were 173 kJ/kg and 49.6 kg/hr, respectively. Therefore, coefficient of performance was 5.5, which was superior to that of refrigerant R-22 (4.0) in standard refrigeration cycle. In addition, the time to reach target drying temperature (30${^{\circ}C}$) and relative humidity (40%) were 6 minutes and 7 minutes, respectively. Temperature differences between the drying temperature and the rice were 1.5${^{\circ}C}$ and 8.5${^{\circ}C}$ at the drying temperatures of 21.9${^{\circ}C}$ and 48.7${^{\circ}C}$, respectively. This result demonstrated that the increased temperature of the rice in the drying section decreased sufficiently in the tempering section. At the drying temperatures of 21.9, 30.7 38.8, and 48.7${^{\circ}C}$, drying rates were 0.29, 0.61, 0.85, and 1.26%/hr, respectively, which were similar to those of commercial dryer. In addition, the amounts of energy consumption were 325, 667, 692, and 776 kJ/kg, respectively. These results showed that this dryer saved up to 86% of energy consumption compared with the commercial dryer, which uses 4,000-5,000 kJ/kg of fossil fuel.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.29-53
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• 2011

This paper studies the contribution of imports and inward foreign direct investment (FDI) as a vehicle of technology transfer onto the EU new member states at both macroeconomic and industry level. The paper takes the effectiveness of the recipient's utilization into account by constructing a new index, the so-called Effective Absorption (EA) Index, to measure ability to absorb and utilize the foreign technology in the recipient country. Using data from 12 donors and 10 recipients from 1998 to 2009, the study at macroeconomic level indicates that technical spillovers of foreign research and development (R&D) play more crucial role relatively to domestic R&D on total factor productivity (TFP) growth of the new member states. Imports are found as the major vehicle of technical spillovers rather than inward FDI. The study at industry level is conducted by using data from 17 manufacturing industries of 10 donors and 6 recipients during 1998 to 2009. The empirical results also support the findings at country level. The patterns of technology transfer are different across industries. Nonetheless, technical spillovers exhibit significantly high contribution on TFP growth in high-tech manufacturing industries.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1477-1488
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• 2018

This study investigated the muscles, intestines, and gonads of Sulculus diversicolor supertexta to examine the diversity of microbial communities within examples collected from the Jeju Coast. Using different media, initial pure isolation in MA, 1% BHIA, and 1% TSA indicated that the muscles, intestines, and gonads supported more communities, respectively. In analysis of relative similarity with 16s rRNA sequencing, 190 pure colonies were isolated, and further analysis with NBLAST identified 71 species, 39 genera, 25 families, and five phyla. Homogeny with the reference strain was 91-100%. Microbial communities in S. supertexta consisted of gamma and alpha Proteobacteria (48%), Actinobacteria (32.5%), Firmicutes (16.9%), Deinococcus-Thermus (1.3%), and Bacteroides (1.3%). In all tissue, Psychrobacter cibarius in Moraxellaceae was dominant. Alteromonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Pasturellaceae, Moraxellaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Geminicoccaceae, Dietziaceae, Intrasporangiaceae, Microbacteriaceae, Micrococcaceae, Micromonosporaceae, Streptomycetaceae, Aerococcaceae, Bacillaceae, Paenibacillaceae, Planococcaceae, and Staphylcoccaceae were commonly isolated across all tissues, and Flavobacteriaceae, Corynebacteriaceae, Yesiniaceae, Vibrionaceae, Hahellaceae, Pseudomonadaceae were also identified from the intestines. In microbial monitoring of four harmful bacteria, Streptomyces albus (96%) showed antibacterial activity against all four strains, and Agrococcus baldri (99%) and Psychrobacter nivimaris (99%) presented against E. Coli and E. aerogens. In addition, some strains with low homogeny were isolated and further experiments are therefore required, for example to refine the antimicrobial substances including new strain investigations. These additional experiments would aim to establish generic resources for the microbial communities in S. Supertexta and provide basic data for applied microbiological research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.589-600
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• 2019

In order to investigate the flow structures around Geumo archipelago on Southern Waters of Korea, water movements were measured for 25 hours during spring tide in May and neap tide in September 2002 using ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) attached to a running boat. Dominant directions of ebb and flood current at spring tide are SE-NW, representing the average flow rate of approximately 40cm/s in the surface layer. However because of the topographical reason, the direction and speed of the flow in the narrow waterway sea area around the northwest of Gae Island were different. There was no notable baroclinic component of tidal flow at spring tide. This indicates that the sea area has been actively engaged in vertical mixing due to island wake or eddy due to narrow waterways, shallow water depth and rapid flow rate around archipelago. At neap tide, dominant directions of tidal flows are SSE-NNW and the average flow rate in the surface layer is about 85 percent of the spring tide. The duration and intensity of the flow direction are shorter and less dominant than the spring tide. It is expected that asymmetrical tidal mixing will occur due to vertical velocity shear and horizontal eddies. From daily mean tidal flows obtained from the ADCP observation, it was found that the northwest of Gae Island have flows in NW~NE, the west of Geumo Island have the average currents of up to 21 cm/s WSW~SSW and counterclockwise circulation or eddy currents are formed in the west of Sori Island.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 2019

Three strains of infectious bronchitis viruses (IBVs), designated VNUA3, VNUA8 and VNUA11, were isolated from diseased/infected chickens in Hanoi, Thainguyen, and Haiphong provinces of Vietnam. These birds had received a live IBV vaccination but still suffered from infectious bronchitis. VNUA3, VNUA8 and VNUA11 harbor cleavage sites (RRTGR, HRRRR, and HRRKR, respectively) within the S protein. A BLASTN search revealed that the S gene of VNUA3, VNUA8, and VNUA11 showed the highest nucleotide identity with those of IBV strains CK/Italy/I2022/13, CK/CH/LHLJ/08-6, and GX-NN120084, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on the S gene nucleotide sequences revealed that VNUA3, VNUA8 and VNUA11 clustered with Q1-like, QX-like and TC07-2-like genotypes, respectively, and were closely related to reference IBV strains from China. However, the Vietnam IBVs showed high divergence from vaccine strains 4/91 and Ma5, which are used in the Vietnamese farms from which the isolates were obtained. Taken together, these results indicate that at least three genotypes of IBV are circulating among chickens in North Vietnam. This is the first report of the molecular epidemiology of IBV in Vietnam.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.44
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• pp.155-197
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• 2015

Disaster of Sewol took place in one year. Meanwhile, the victim's family and the call time record academics have tried to record it. Ansan activists have moved to objectives such as civil records committee also pivotal. The citizens committee under the dictation recording oral history team has a diverse group of people associated with the time issue. bereaved families were collected from the oral as well as volunteers, religious personnel, activists, Ansan citizens and various people. Disasters around the world is also an important event to remember and honor the people together, and one of the most effective means to record There it is establishing an oral history archive. Does not leave a lot of nature history of sudden disasters that occur, as well as a tribute record dictation telling people of diverse perspectives on events helps a lot closer to the reality of the event. Erected in the National September 11 Memorial Museum to honor the Sept. 11 attacks and provide a variety of programs to chaerok dictation of the people involved with 9/11. To remember the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing 'Our Marathon' of crowdsourcing digital archive was built. In the archives of the local universities and institutions were created to collaborate actively and gathering oral history. Pan Am Flight 103 pieces terror has established an archive from Syracuse University. Here, neither graduates, faculty, and to the victim's family and friends gather and oral hitory. Disaster-related Sewol neither should be able to be used as in the case of foreign well, and it should continue to honor the victims of the collection. It also ought to occasion again to avoid this disaster on earth.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.11-24
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• 2008

Stratified slope was formed on the SSE-facing slope in the southwest region of Haenam, South Korea. Field and laboratory investigations into the geomorphology and sedimentology of stratified slope deposit that is inactive. Outcrops of this deposit show an alteration of coarse debris-supported matrix and tiny debris-supported matrix layers. Sedimentological analysis(particle-size analysis) indicates that this deposit is not fluvial process or only gravitation like rock-fall. Many clasts and fine materials on the slope is supposed to be product by congelifraction under Pleistocene periglacial climatic environment. Also The processes responsible for the genesis of this deposit probably are to move downward by gelifluction and to remove fine materials by slope wash in thawing cycle and in situ debris congelifraction on gelifluction slope. Now It is impossible to account for the time range of genesis(diurnal, seasonal). In conclusion, this stratified slope formed in cold and humid periglacial environmental in pleistocene, therefore, this slope is a periglacial relic landform, indicates that in south korea there was a cold and humid paleo-climate such as periglacial environmen.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.574-585
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• 2022

This study was conducted to quantify chlorogenic acid content and evaluate biological activity, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and digestive enzyme activity of Aralia elata ethanol extract (AEE). The SC₅₀ of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of AEE were 4.79±0.05 mg/mL, 5.79±0.05 mg/mL; total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents were 170.0±1.8 mgGAE/g, 105.5±4.1 mgQE/g, respectively. Nitric oxide (NO) was increased in RAW 264.7 cells and Caco-2 cells with treatment of LPS, and production of NO was inhibited by AEE in a concentration-dependent manner. Production of NO was reduced by 60.0±1.1% in RAW 264.7 cells and 50.7±2.8% in Caco-2 cells at of AEE. Similarly, the production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) was inhibited in a concentration dependent manner. Antibacterial activity increased as the dose concentration of AEE increased, and the MIC was 75 mg/mL for L. monocytogenes, and 100 mg/mL for S. typhimurium and H. pylori. In addition, amylase and protease enzyme activity was observed in AEE and increased enzyme activity was observed according to the concentration of the extract. AEE contained 7.06±0.01 mg/g of chlorogenic acid. As a result of the experiment, it is judged that it can be used as basic data for the development of health food using Aralia elata.