• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze key concepts of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and to suggest implications for economic geographical studies. The definition and concept of entrepreneurship as well as changes of its research trends were examined. By combining entrepreneurship and geography, Entrepreneurial Ecosystems, which have recently emerged as important concepts and theories, were examined with the focus on the key concepts such as 'actors and factors', 'productive' and 'territory'. It is important that the individual, organizational and institutional components such as entrepreneurs, start-ups, existing companies, institutions and cultural elements are interconnected to build communities through 'entrepreneurial recycling'. Entrepreneurial Ecosystems support to create innovative high-growth start-ups based on entrepreneurial culture in the local region. Despite conceptual limitations, theoretical and empirical analyses should be conducted from economic geographical perspectives in order to reveal the geographical and spatial processes of productive entrepreneurship and to suggest policy implications for region-based start-up ecosystems.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.43-58
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• 2019

This paper examine the changing ecosystems in Malaysia, starting with the government policy driven greenfield cluster of Cyberjaya, which is part of the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) mega project. In this context of an emerging economy, predominantly production oriented, the role of the government was crucial with respect to implementing policies and building infrastructure for the ecosystems. First, the roles played by the cluster development agency, universities, and industry are explained. As the cluster developed, this paper, taking an entrepreneurial ecosystem approach, explores how some actors evolved and changed their roles to become catalyst organisations established for the cluster now serving nationwide. This was followed by the emergence of new actors in the ecosystems, for example, knowledge intermediaries, and new roles for universities. In addition to actors such as universities and industry, this paper recognizes the emergence of media organisations as new actors in the entrepreneurial ecosystems in Malaysia.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.661-670
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• 2020

This paper investigates the influence of the economic integration exemplified by the Eurasian Economic Union on the entrepreneurial ecosystem in the Kazakhstan corporate sector. Using data collected from 204 small-, medium-, and large-sized Kazakh companies, the researchers analyzed the collected data with percentile. Findings of this study show that small- and medium-sized enterprises, especially in the tertiary sector of the Kazakh economy, are not that much affected by regional integration, whereas large firms have been significantly impacted. The originality of the paper is threefold. First, the research explores the entrepreneurial ecosystems in its focus on geographic location or digital technologies that came across mainly from the ICT space. This is becoming pervasive across mechanical systems, communications, infrastructure, and the built-up environment. Second, the originality of the paper lies in focusing on the entrepreneurial ecosystems' influence on the business processes by clearly understanding the regional, national, and international trends in different markets. Third, the paper is first of its kind to contribute an updated perspective on the entrepreneurial ecosystem's influence on economic integration to the policymakers of Kazakhstan. Policymakers will gain expertise on how to manage network effects while planning investment projects, as well as transactions, modes, and fixed nodes, acquisition, and greenfield investments.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.320-338
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• 2022

This article examines how and why entrepreneurship differs by region concerning the history of Korea's entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs). Through a qualitative analysis of 19 interviews, this article compares the history and components of Seoul National University and KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) EEs. First, these ecosystems emerged around 1996 and are currently experiencing the second startup boom, with various supporting organizations and actors involved. Second, these ecosystems revealed differences concerning material, social and cultural attributes. Third, differences in the networking of the two ecosystems are due to different regional cultures, which allow individuals to interpret entrepreneurial opportunities. In other words, the maintenance and development of EEs are cultural in essence and display regional variation.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.407-417
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• 2020

Entrepreneurship has become an important topic for governments to shape and influence the quantity and quality of entrepreneurship and improve policy toward the entrepreneurial economy. This study investigates the factors affecting the entrepreneurial decision of nascent entrepreneurs belonging to Generation Y in Vietnam. A mixed-method including both qualitative and quantitative methodologies was utilized. A focus group was carried out with 11 participants for exploring, reviewing, and testing content validity of constructs and measurement items. The conceptual model and hypotheses were developed using data collected by a questionnaire survey. The cross-sectional survey method was applied. A sample of 221 respondents was constituted, by both electronic and paper surveys with non-probability and convenience sampling techniques. SmartPLS 3 software was employed to analyze the data collected. The results show that nine factors were affecting the entrepreneurial decision of nascent entrepreneurs belonging to Generation Y in Vietnam, including entrepreneurial education, family background, entrepreneurial ecosystem, perceived behavioral control, social valuation, perceived opportunity, attitude, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention. The findings show the importance of entrepreneurial education, social value, and ecosystems. Therefore, in order to promote successful entrepreneurship, it is necessary to strengthen entrepreneurship education and have a strategy for the improvement of the entrepreneurship ecosystem.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.108-117
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• 2018

Given the substantial industrial and economic contributions of university start-ups, a growing number of studies have adopted the ecosystem perspectives to systematically explain creating start-ups in universities. Despite the huge theoretical potential, few studies have analyzed the complex, complimentary interactions of the core components in the university entrepreneurship ecosystems (UEEs). Addressing the limitation, this research not only discusses the role of the core ecosystem components, such as patents, entrepreneurship education, and student entrepreneurship clubs, but also analyzes their discrete and complimentary effects on the productivity of UEEs. Based on a national survey of universities, this study shows that all the core components have a positive effect on the ecosystem productivity. More importantly, this study investigated the complimentary relationships among components and tested the moderation effects of both the entrepreneurship education and the student clubs on the relationship between the patents and the productivity of UEEs. The analysis results show that the student clubs intensify the patents' positive effect on the productivity of UEEs. The research results could provide the crucial policy insights for the successful design of UEEs.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.457-460
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• 2018

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.469-483
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• 2022

This paper aims to examine how and why the role of Seoul National University has evolved through the formation of Seoul National University's entrepreneurial ecosystems (SNUEEs). To identify this, we used secondary data on SNU entrepreneurship and did in-depth interviews with 17 student entrepreneurs and supportive actors in the ecosystems. First, the university-industry cooperation policy and the first start-up boom in the late 1990s gave rise to the first generation of SNUEEs. They entered the second generation with the second start-up boom in 2010. The third generation emerged through the government's start-up support policy and the venture investment market revitalization in 2017. Second, SNUEEs have experienced transformations of the university's role from an 'ivory tower' to a 'feeder of knowledge and labor' and have become a 'hub of knowledge networks.' Third, hub institutions and organizations were established and supported by government policies, and networks of SNUEEs have been embedded in these hub institutions and organizations. SNUEEs as a hub university are evolving through the formation of a voluntary entrepreneurial culture by student entrepreneurs, the supportive policy at the university level, and the establishment of linkages with the region where the university is located.

• Korean small business review
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.69-102
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• 2020

Shedding new light on the research trend on entrepreneurial ecosystems in the 40-year history of the Asia Pacific Journal of Small Business, this study aims at exploring a potential measurement framework of ecological inputs and outputs in an entrepreneurial ecosystem that promotes entrepreneurship at geographical and spatial levels. As a result of the analysis of research on the entrepreneurial ecosystem in the journal, we found that prior studies emphasized the managerial importance of various ecological factors on the premise of possible causalities between the factors and entrepreneurship. However, empirical research to verify the premised causality has been underexplored yet. This literature gap may lead to unbalanced development of conceptual and case studies that identify requirements for successful entrepreneurial ecosystems based on experiential facts, thereby hindering the generalization of the research results for practical implications. In that there is a growing interest in creating and operating productive entrepreneurial ecosystems as an innovation engine that drives national and regional economic growth, it is necessary to explore and develop the measurement framework for ecological factors that can be used in future empirical research. Hereupon, we apply a conceptual model of 'input-output-outcome-impact' to categorize individual environmental factors identified in prior studies. Based on the model. We operationalize ecological input factors as the financial, intellectual, institutional, and social capitals, and ecological output factors as the establishment-based, innovation-based, and performance-based entrepreneurship. Also, we propose several longitudinal databases that future empirical research can use in analyzing the potential causality between the ecological input and output factors. The proposed framework of entrepreneurial ecosystems, which focuses on measuring ecological input and output factors, has a high application value for future research that analyzes the causality.