• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.57-79
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• 2011

Universalism has received a considerable amount of attention in recent discussion of Korea welfare state. This paper explores tensions between universal, selective and residual welfare policies in Korea. It argues that selective welfare policies are useful allies for developing the universal welfare state. At the same time, principles of universalism are always formed in particular socioeconomic and historical contexts, and reflect the solidarity of various social stratifications or classes. This implies that the principles must be regarded as open to contestation, reformulation and change. The way to develope universal welfare state in Korea shouldn't follow the path observed in the Western welfare states. Korean society needs to find its own principles and path to develop a universal welfare state.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.277-299
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• 2011

The current study analyzed the tax structure in the welfare states. The appropriate tax structure of universal welfare state should be based on expanding all taxes, rather than choosing between direct and indirect, progressive and regressive, or mobile and immobile tax. The revenue for the universal welfare payment should be raised by levying tax on all people provided that the welfare payment is made available to all people. The analysis led to classification of tax structure into the high tax European model and the low tax English and East Asian model. The high tax European model was further classified into the balance tax model and the high social security model. The low tax English and East Asian model was classified into the low social security model and the high property tax model. Based on the results, the study maintained that the universal welfare states need not only to expand welfare resources but to develop tax system that corresponds to the universal welfare system.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.213-239
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• 2010

The purpose of this research is to explore the explanatory factors of preference for the universality of the welfare system at the time of expanding the welfare system. In particular, considering endogenous problem that may occur in the process of analyzing the causal relationship between subjective perception and preference for welfare policy, the 2SLS regression analysis using instrument variables was attempted in this research. The key findings of this research were as follow. First, the groups who are opposed to the welfare state expansion, for example high income earners, low risk group, and employer/self-employer, prefer the more universal welfare systems. Second, the negative perception of welfare policy and recipients, which is stronger in older generation who experienced a much longer period of industrializaion, have a negative effect on preference for the universal welfare system. Last, we find that the endogenous problem arise in this research and distort the estimated regression coefficients. Therefore, subsequent studies must be mindful of this problem when they explain attitudes with attitudes.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.69-96
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• 2013

This paper is to critically review the economic reasoning of non-sustainability of welfare state due to its intrinsic incentive problems and to see how the nordic welfare state responds to them. The welfare state as a political design of state to pursue equality has social insurance as its main economic function. It survives market failure of private insurance to contribute to human capital investment and industrial restructuring. The universal tax-financed welfare state, however, has the problem of tragedy of commons such as reduced work incentive and work ethics. But, the existing nordic welfare state overcomes it through employment-focused policy arrangements, maintenance of work ethics and benefits moral, incentive mechanism of wage-compression, public educational investment and its complementation with social security. The Nordic model shows that problems of incentive and moral are not about those of theory and reasoning, but about their reality which policies and institutions could respond to.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.45-59
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• 2011

Objective : he aim of this study is to describe on the definition of the welfare state and scope of the social welfare and to analyze the development of the social welfare policy for the disabled in South Korea. Methods : We described on the definition of the welfare state and scope of the social welfare and analyzed the social welfare policy and welfare policy for the disabled among Korean Government through literature review. Finally, We also analyzed the welfare policy for the disabled in the Roh Moo-hyun Administration. Results : Welfare policy or welfare policy for the disabled was developed as economic growth from 'selective welfare' to 'universal welfare'. Scope of the social welfare was expanded from 'minimum guarantee' of the Lee seong-man administration to 'participatory welfare' of the Roh moo-hyun administration and that was similar to the welfare policy of administration for the disabled. Conclusion : We suggest that occupational therapist based community should find unmet health need and provide home-based rehabilitation services to the disabled and the elderly.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.3-38
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• 2018

This study aims to analyse the redistributive impact of the welfare state growth in Korea after 2000s and establish whether there are people excluded from the benefits of the growth. The growth of the Korean welfare state has been achieved by universalizing welfare benefits under the social insurance-centered institutions which are the legacies of the productivist/developmental welfare regime. When it comes to redistribution impacts, the welfare state growth improved inequality among old age populations to a certain degree due to the introduction of the Basic Pension. On the other hand, welfare benefits for the working poor population has hardly been improved in spite of the growing welfare state. It can be said, therefore, that low-income working-age populations have been excluded from the growth of Korean welfare state. These groups are mostly in middle-old age, unemployed or precariously employed and half of them were female householders. The exclusion of these groups from the Korean welfare state shows that the growth of the Korean welfare state was unbalanced. To include the excluded into the Korean welfare state, it is necessary to increase non-insurance social provisions, extend the range of application of the social insurances, integrate income protection, employment service, and vocational training for the working poor, and combine universal and targeted welfare benefits.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.59-67
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• 2018

Purpose: The concept of the Barrier-Free Design has steadily expanded into a basic principle of design, which can provide safe and convenient lives not only limited to the disables, elders, and pregnant women, but also to all members of the society. This is what we now know as the Universal Design. In other words, Barrier-Free Design for all is Architectural Approach of Universal Design. Thus, as a future-oriented alternative to school facilities according to social change, this study suggests basic direction of school building planning and concept of universal design considering school facilities characteristics. Methods: The characteristics of school facilities are understood from the perspective of Universal Design. In addition, a survey is conducted to identify the current state of school facilities. Result: Findings from this study are as follows. First, Universal Design of School Building is an integrated characteristic. Integration is intended to create and manage an integrated environment instead of an individual and one-time approach to installation and maintenance of convenience facilities. Second, It is a flexible characteristic to be sustainable. In other words, they aim to be selectable to respond to change. Third, It is a characteristic of accumulation of outstanding cases. This means that not only individual schools but also entire school spaces will be applied to Universal Design to form a virtuous circle of environment improvement. Implications: The results of this study may serve as a basic concept in the design of school buildings.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.79-87
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• 2014

Universalism and selectivism about welfare polices are a point at issue that is being discussed consistently. This issue is mainly discussed as the object of political selection because the selection of welfare polices are thought of discretionary powers. But welfare policies are issue of the constitutional value order. Therefore studies are need in this viewpoint. Accordingly this paper studied the aim of welfare policies to be based of social state ideology. Therefore this paper found the adequacy of selective universalism. Furthermore, This paper shows a distinguishing standard to select the welfare policies in selective universalism.

• Issues in Feminism
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.49-83
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• 2011

This article explores the characteristics of care and care labor which is core keyword of the welfare state and the way of institutionalization of care labor, focusing specially on differences among women. Caring is defined by the expression of morality and labor accompanied by concrete action. But, care labor in the welfare state is defined by "activities involved in caring for the ill, elderly, handicapped and dependent", and I think, that definition is more useful than the narrow one for policy institutionalization. But the latter definition intentionally separates the domestic work from care work. Care labor is considered to be different from the market labor in terms of motivations, but there are some limits in standardization and commercialization of the traits of emotional and moral engagement. Thus, requiring of emotional motivation as one of the job descriptions is not realistic. Welfare state is institutionalizing women's unpaid care work in family through de-familization, and its policy tools are cash benefits and services for care-related, which influence to the female wage worker and fulltime housewife, care receiver and care giver, and polarization of women's class in a very different way. Cash benefits enhances the division of gender labor, polarizes the care laborer and weakens of expansion the care as decent job. The movement of feminist welfare state have a vision of universal service expansion and need the policy list for de-gendering of care labor.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.45-70
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• 2018

After critically assessing the effectiveness of basic income as an alternative to the existing social security system, this article argues that basic income is fundamentally incapable of providing an adequate protection for those in social risks or welfare needs. The proponents of basic income often claims that technological innovations will lead to the end of work and thus that basic income will be required for all citizens in the future. Moreover, they emphasize that labor market flexibility is making a large segment of work forces unstable working poor, what is often called the precariat who are not effectively protected by the existing social insurance programs. For them, basic income is the best source of social protection for the precariat of today and the citizens in the future, freeing them from the necessity of having a paid work. This article, however, points out the ineffectiveness of basic income as social protection due to its unustainably high cost that comes from unconditional benefit provisions regardless of levels of income, social risks, and welfare needs. Also it challenges the simplified 'Luddites' image of workless society in the future, arguning that techological unemployment can be overcome by new job creation as seen in Silicon Valley and job sharing following working time reduction. It maintains that it is more cost-effective and reliable to strengthen the welfare state based on the principle of reciprocity that aims at 'universal sufficient protection for those in social risks and welfare needs.'