• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.61-65
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 2018년에 공개된 Penn Korean Universal Dependency Treebank(이하 PKT-UD v2018) 데이터의 오류를 분석하고 이를 개정하여 새롭게 데이터셋(이하 PKT-UD v2020)을 구축하였다. PKT-UD v2018은 구구조 분석 방식으로 구축된 Penn Korean Treebank를 UD(Universal Dependencies)의 체계에 맞추어 자동적으로 변환한 후 보정하여 구축한 데이터이다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 자동 변환의 과정에서 발생한 오류를 바로 잡고, UD 체계를 최대한 활용하면서 한국어의 특성을 잘 살린 데이터셋을 구축할 수 있는 방법을 제안하였다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.47-57
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to develop an aging friendly guideline aging friendly outdoor exercise environment in Universal design aspect. The aim for this guideline is to suggest a creative method to cope with forthcoming aging society and meet the various demands of all park users. Documentary survey and field survey were used to extract notion of universal design and aging friendly design; based from the extracted notions three types of exercise environment were suggested, Small scale, Medium scale and Large scale. The significant of this guideline is as fallow: First, negative aspects of aging friendly design can be eliminated by adopting universal design; therefore the guideline can have social integration aspect. Second, reflected needs of residents can be suggested on the guideline; and it was extracted from documentary survey, PPP UD checklist and field survey. Third, classifying universal design and aging friendly design in one guideline can enhance ability to manage various composition of population. Fourth, by studying young child and old people's likeness and parallel resemblance, design guideline for forthcoming aging society can be suggested. Fifth, from three developed exercise environments, the guideline can be applied into different conditions of location. Sixth, canopy type design model can be very useful for old people.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.19-29
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• 2016

In the context of lifelong education program for an aging society and information age, elementary school facilities are expected to accommodate various people in diverse age group and diverse physical abilities. Introduction of the 'Universal Design' concept seems inevitable in school environment in terms of public infra structure for community. However, in architectural point of view, unlike foreign examples, simply applied barrier-free and safety standards of domestic guidelines based on dimensional data does not function enough to achieve universal design in authentic manner. This study is focused on this issue and suggests the direction of improvement for architectural design guidelines. Through the comparative analysis of foreign and domestic design guidelines, two principles of universal design-'Flexibility in Use', 'Perceptile Information'- are found to be lacking in the domestic design guidelines for elementary school facilities. It is expected for government authority to develop more concrete guidelines to achieve universal design for school as a basic public space in the community.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.201-220
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• 2011

The library is a social institution that should ensure all users' information access rights. In this study, the concept of universal design is analyzed as a theoretical basis that library Websites should be accessed equitably by all kinds of users, and an evaluation criteria is developed based on the principles of universal design. The Websites of 7 regional central libraries are evaluated with suggested criteria and the ratio of compliance of universal Web design is measured. In the result, the most of the Websites are showed not only high performances on the area of (1) Web accessibility and (2) usability, but low performances on the area of (1) equitable use and (2) flexibility in use.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.427-433
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• 2011

Chassis part in automotive body is affected by fatigue load at driving on the ground. Universal joint on this part is influenced extremely by the fatigue load. Fatigue life, damage and natural frequency are analyzed at universal joint under nonuniform fatigue load. The york part at universal joint is shown with the maximum equivalent stress and displacement of 60.755 MPa and 0.21086 mm as strength analysis. The possible life in use in case of 'SAE bracket' is the shortest among the fatigue loading lives of 'SAE bracket', 'SAE transmission' and 'Sine Wave'. The damage at loading life of 'SAE transmission' is the least among 3 types. The frequency of damage in case of 'Sine Wave' is 0.7 with the least among 3 fatigue loading life types but this case brings the most possible damage as 80% at the average stress of 0. Natural vibration at this model is analyzed with the orders of 1'st to 5'th and maximum frequency is shown as 701.73 Hz at 5'th order. As the result of this study is applied by the universal joint on chassis part, the prevention on fatigue damage in automotive body and its durability are predicted.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.812-822
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• 2014

Metagenomic analysis of the human intestinal microbiota has extended our understanding of the role of these bacteria in improving human intestinal health; however, a number of reports have shown that current total fecal DNA extraction methods and 16S rRNA universal primer sets could affect the species coverage and resolution of these analyses. Here, we improved the extraction method for total DNA from human fecal samples by optimization of the lysis buffer, boiling time (10 min), and bead-beating time (0 min). In addition, we developed a new long-range 16S rRNA universal PCR primer set targeting the V6 to V9 regions with a 580 bp DNA product length. This new 16S rRNA primer set was evaluated by comparison with two previously developed 16S rRNA universal primer sets and showed high species coverage and resolution. The optimized total fecal DNA extraction method and newly designed long-range 16S rRNA universal primer set will be useful for the highly accurate metagenomic analysis of adult and infant intestinal microbiota with minimization of any bias.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.837-847
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• 2011

For an integer $m{\geq}3$, every integer of the form $p_m(x)$ = $\frac{(m-2)x^2(m-4)x}{2}$ with x ${\in}$ $\mathbb{Z}$ is said to be a generalized m-gonal number. Let $a{\leq}b{\leq}c$ and k be positive integers. The quadruple (k, a, b, c) is said to be universal if for every nonnegative integer n there exist integers x, y, z such that n = $ap_k(x)+bp_k(y)+cp_k(z)$. Sun proved in [16] that, when k = 5 or $k{\geq}7$, there are only 20 candidates for universal quadruples, which h listed explicitly and which all involve only the case of pentagonal numbers (k = 5). He veri ed that six of the candidates are in fact universal and conjectured that the remaining ones are as well. In a subsequent paper [3], Ge and Sun established universality for all but seven of the remaining candidates, leaving only (5, 1, 1, t) for t = 6, 8, 9, 10, (5, 1, 2, 8) and (5, 1, 3, s) for s = 7, 8 as candidates. In this article, we prove that the remaining seven quadruples given above are, in fact, universal.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.7-20
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to present the direction of faculty's perception and direction of spatial composition to apply universal design principles to the space of kindergarten facilities. Based on previous research and literature review on kindergarten area, kindergarten facility space, and universal design, the universal design principle which was applied to the composition of kindergarten amenities derived four types of functional supportability, receptivity, accessibility and safety. In addition, the survey was conducted on kindergarten teachers and teacher assistants and the managers of kindergarten. As a result of the awareness of kindergarten facilities space, we have discovered the degree of universal design awareness.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 1993

Restricted maximum likelihood(RML) method was used to determine the parameters of generalized covariance, and universal krigig with RML was applied to estimate a groundwater level distribution of nonstationarv random function. Universal kriging with RML was compared to IRF-k with weighted least squares method for the comparison of their accuracies. Cross validation shows that two methods have nearly the same ability for the estimation of groundwater levels. Scattergram of estimates versus true values and contour maps of groundwater levels have nearly the same results. The reason why two methods produced the same results is thought to be the non-Gaussian distribution and the snaall number of sample data.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.5625-5641
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• 2017

Certificateless public key cryptography resolves the certificate management problem in traditional public key cryptography and the key escrow problem in identity-based cryptography. In recent years, some good results have been achieved in speeding up the computation of bilinear pairing. However, the computation cost of the pairing is much higher than that of the scalar multiplication over the elliptic curve group. Therefore, it is still significant to design cryptosystem without pairing operations. A multi-signer universal designated multi-verifier signature scheme allows a set of signers to cooperatively generate a public verifiable signature, the signature holder then can propose a new signature such that only the designated set of verifiers can verify it. Multi-signer universal designated multi-verifier signatures are suitable in many different practical applications such as electronic tenders, electronic voting and electronic auctions. In this paper, we propose a certificateless multi-signer universal designated multi-verifier signature scheme and prove the security in the random oracle model. Our scheme does not use pairing operation. To the best of our knowledge, our scheme is the first certificateless multi-signer universal designated multi-verifier signature scheme.