• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.735-751
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• 1996

An ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is to stop the disease process and to regenerate a functionally-oriented periodontium destroyed as a result of periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of grafting granulation tissue obtained from extraction socket on the regeneration of horizontal furcation defect. Six dogs were used in this study. All mandibular first and third premolars were extracted. At 2, 3, and 5 days after extraction, tissues were obtained from extraction socket of 1 mongrel dog and examined by light microscope. Granulation tissue obtained at 5 days after extraction was chosen as the graft material. Five days later, horizontal furcation defects were created surgically at mandibular second and fourth premolars in the right and left side of the 5 beagle dogs. The entrance area of the artificially prepared "key hole" defects were about $3\;4mm^2$. By random selections, 2 exposed furcation defects were grafted with granulation tissue obtained from extraction socket as experimental group and 1 furcation defect was as control. The flaps were replaced to their original position and sutured with 4-0 chromic cat-gut. Three dogs were sacrificed 4 weeks and two dogs 8 weeks after surgery, and the prepared specimens were examined by light microscope. At 4 weeks, furcations were filled with epithelial lining and fibrous connective tissue infiltrated with chronic inflammatory cells. New bone formation was observed in all groups. Only experimental group showed new cementum formation. At 8 weeks, new cementum, functional arrangement of new PDL fiber, root resorption, and some ankylotic union of newly formed alveolar bone and root surface were observed in all groups. Experimental group showed that epithelial downgrowth was inhibited and new bone formation was more active compared to control. The success rate of the furcation defect healing was higher in experimental group than control. These results suggested that grafting of granulation tissue obtained from extraction socket which combined with reconstructive periodontal flap surgery may promote periodontal regeneration of horizontal furcation defect.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.62-71
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• 2008

환경에는 매우 다양한 유해화학물질이 존재하며 지속적으로 새로운 화학물질이 개발되고 다시 환경 중으로 유출되고 있다. 화학물질의 관리나 규제를 위해서는 우선관리대상 오염물질(Priority Contaminants)을 결정해야 하는데, 이를 위한 과학적이고 정량적인 방법론으로는 우선순위선정(Chemical Ranking and Scoring; CRS)기법이 대표적이다. CRS기법에는 개발목적에 따라 다양한 평가인자들이 적용되는데 본 연구에서는 토양매체에서의 우선순위물질 선정시 필요한 인자를 제시하기 위해 다양한 CRS기법을 비교분석하여 토양특성을 고려할 수 있는 평가인자를 제시하였다. 연구대상 CRS는 국외에서 개발된 CHEMS-1, EURAM, SCRAM, ARET와 국내에서 개발된 CRS-Korea 및 그 외 기타 관련연구들이다. 기존에 개발된 CRS에 적용된 평가인자들을 비교분석한 결과 노출과 독성을 고려하여 우선순위물질을 선정하는데, 주로 화학물질의 잔류성, 생물축적성, 배출량 등을 공통적인 노출인자로 적용하고 있었고 독성인자로는 인체와 환경독성을 고려하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 토양매체의 우선순위물질선정을 위하여 이러한 CRS기법들이 공통적으로 적용하고 있는 인자들 이외에 토양매체의 특성을 고려할 수 있는 토양배출량, 토양오염 사고사건사례, 선진국의 규제국가수 등을 평가인자로 제안하였으며, 지하수매체와의 연계성을 위하여 지하수이동성 인자를 새로이 추가하였다. 본 연구결과는 CRS기법을 비교분석하여 토양에서의 유해화학물질 우선순위 선정시 고려되어야할 평가인자를 제안한 연구로 토양에 대한 CRS기법개발을 위한 기반연구로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2017

Purpose: To validate the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control (AJCC/UICC) TNM staging system for human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and investigate whether a modified classification better reflects the prognosis. Materials and Methods: Medical records of patients diagnosed with non-metastatic HPV-related OPSCC between 2010 and 2016 at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. HPV status was determined by immunohistochemical analysis of p16 and/or HPV DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We reclassified TNM stage T0-1 and N0-1 as group A, T2-3 or N2 as B, and T4 or N3 as C. Survival analysis according to 8th AJCC/UICC TNM staging and the modified classification was performed. Results: Of 383 OPSCC patients, 211 were positive for HPV DNA PCR or p16. After exclusion, 184 patients were included in this analysis. Median age was 56 years (range, 31 to 81 years). Most primary tumors were in the palatine tonsil (148 tumors, 80%). The eighth AJCC/UICC TNM classification could not differentiate between stage I and II (p = 0.470) or II and III (p = 0.209). Applying modified grouping, the 3-year overall survival rate of group A was significantly higher than that of group B and C (98% vs. 91%, p = 0.039 and 98% vs. 78%, p < 0.001, respectively). Differentiation between group B and C was marginally significant (p = 0.053). Conclusion: The 8th AJCC/UICC TNM staging system did not clearly distinguish the prognosis of stage II from that of other stages. Including the T2N0-1 group in stage II may improve prognostic stratification.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.31-36
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• 1978

본(本) 실험(實驗)은 인도(印度) Simla지방(地方)에서 자생(自生)하고 있는 참나무 Ban oak(Q. incana)의 표고재배별용(栽培利用) 가능성(可能性)을 검토(檢討)하기 위(爲)하여 수행(遂行)되였다. 표고 균멱(菌)의 活着과 發育 및 자실체(子實體)의 발생상황(發生狀況)을 관찰(觀察)하고 원목성분(原木成分)을 한국(韓國)의 졸참나무(Q. Serrata)와 비교(比較) 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. Q. incana는 Q. serrat에 비(比)하여 Alcohol-Benzen extract. NaOH extract 및 Ash의 함유량(含有量)이 많았으나 cellulose pentosan은 적었다. 2. Q. incana를 이용(利用)한 톱밥배지(培地)에서의 균멱발육(菌發育)은 Q. serrata보다 신장속도(伸長速度)는 늦으나 균멱(菌)가 세밀하게 발육(發育)하였다. 3. 원목(原木)에서의 균멱발육(菌發育)은 실내시험(室內試驗)이나 야외시험(野外試驗) 공(共)히 Q. serrate가 빨랐으며 균멱(菌)의 활착량(活着率)은 두 수종간(樹種間)에 차이(差異)가 없고 양호(良好)하였다. 4. 원본(原本)에 종균접종후(種菌接種後) 16개월(個月)만에 Ban oak(Q. incana) 및 졸참나무(Q. serrata)에서 전대에서 첫 버섯이 발생(發生)하였다. 5. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)에서 Ban oak(Q. incana)를 이용(利用)한 표고재배(栽培)는 가능(可能)하다고 사료(思料)된다.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2011

목적: 골종양을 절제한 후 동종골을 이용한 재건술 후 발생한 합병증을 평가하고 그 합병증에 대한 문헌고찰을 하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 골종양 절제 후 동종골을 이용한 재건술을 시행한 15예에 대하여 임상적 및 방사선학적 자료를 통해 후향적으로 연구를 시행하였다. 결과: 남자가 8예, 여자가 7예이었으며 평균 나이는 27.1세(1-56세), 평균 추시 기간은 89.5개월(33-146개월)였다. 21예(80.0%)에서 평균 8.35개월(4-12개월)에 방사선학적 골유합 소견을 보였다. Musculoskeletal Tumor Society 점수 평균은 73.5%(46.6-93.0%)였다. 동종골 이식과 관련된 술 후 합병증을 모두 기록하였다. 추시 기간 동안 9예(60.6%)에서 한 가지의 합병증이 발생하였고 3예(20.0%)에서 두 가지 이상의 합병증이 발생하였다. 합병증으로는 감염 3예, 골절 2예, 불유합 2예, 하지 부동 2예, 내반 변형이 2예였다. 합병증이 발생하지 않은 평균 기간은 60.8개월(6-144개월)이었다. 동종골의 평균 생존기간은 80.2개월이었고 5년 생존률은 83.0%였다. 결론: 동종골의 합병증을 줄이기 위하여 동종골을 이용한 재건술시 자가비골을 추가하는 것이 추천된다. 더나아가 조직 공학 기술과 줄기 세포 및 혈소판 풍부 혈장의 적용이 동종골의 재흡수나 불유합 등의 합병증을 줄일 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.101-111
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• 2014

Purpose - This study aims to verify the construct of the service quality suitable to the characteristics of the business center, to develop the scale that can measure the service quality objectively, compare the diverse business centers in Korea, and present desirable methods of business center management and operation. Research design, data, and methodology - In the first stage, literature research and focus group interviews with current users and actual business experts of business centers were conducted. In addition, 69 early stage scale items were derived. In the second stage, a Delphi survey was conducted on the experts of business and academic circles. The measurement items in the early stage were supplemented and revised. The content validity rate (CVR) of 69 measures was computed and then the experts' opinions were used. As a result, the business center service quality scale, made up of 9 organizing factors and 36 measurement items, was constructed. In the third stage, a survey was conducted on the occupants who were currently using the business center. It was to confirm if the developed business center service quality scale could be actually utilized. The data of 435 samples collected were used. To refine the scale items, the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted repeatedly. Results - The business center service quality scale, made up of 8 factors and 33 items, was developed again. The 8 factors are reliability, speed, kindness, specialty, responsibility, appearance, convenience, and public interest. The reliability coefficient (Cronbach's Alpha) of each factor is greater than .7. Thus, it was confirmed that there was reliability in the measurement items. Further, the model suitability was verified using the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and the convergent validity and the discriminant validity were verified. This proved the construct validity. Through this process, the Korea Business Center Service Quality Scale was developed. Based on factor analysis, the developed business center service quality (BCSQ) scale consists of 4 aspects, 8 factors, and 33 items, comprising the "process quality" aspect: reliability (3 items), speediness (4 items), kindness (3 items) factors, the outcome quality aspect: expertise (3 items), responsibility (5 items) factors, the environment quality aspect: appearance (5 items), convenience (3 items) factors, and the public interest aspect: public interest (7 items) factor. However, according to CFA, the BCSQ scale consists of a total of 4 aspects, 8 factors, and 33 items, comprising the "process quality" aspect: reliability (3 items), speediness (3 items), kindness (3 items) factors, the outcome quality aspect: expertise (2 items), responsibility (4 items) factors, the environment quality aspect: appearance (3 items), convenience (2 items) factors, and the public interest aspect: public interest (3 items) factor. Conclusions - The BCSQ scale could serve as a diagnostic tool that will allow business center managers to determine service areas that are weak and in need of attention, and to improve the service quality of the business center.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.324-331
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• 2001

The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of latency period on alveolar ridge distraction using the intraoral distraction device. Nine adult mongrel dogs of either sex, weighing about 15kg, were used. They were divided into 3-day, 5-day, and 7-day groups according to the latency period. The left upper and lower premolars and first molars were extracted. Twelve weeks after the extraction, an osteotomy was performed and the distraction device was applied. After the latency period, the distraction was applied at a rate of 1.2mm for 8 days. The distraction device was left in place for 2 weeks to allow consolidation and was then removed. The animals were sacrified at 8 weeks after completion of distraction and were examined macroscopically, radiographically, and histologically. After completion of the distraction, the alveolar crest protruded prominently, showing the vertical augmentation of the alveolar bone. Soft tissues were broken down after the 6th day of distraction in 3-day latency group, and premature union occurred on the 7th day of distraction in the 7-day latency group. The average distance was $9.40{\pm}0.3mm$ in 3-day latency group, $9.35{\pm}0.1mm$ in 5-day latency group, and $8.85{\pm}0.1mm$ in 7-day latency group. In the radiograph taken at 8 weeks after distraction, there was slight bone resorption around the medial and distal edges of the alveolar bone segment, and a new bone deposition was observed in the neighboring alveolar crest area in all groups. Fibrous tissues were present in a part of the buccal cortical bone area of the distraction gap, and the woven and lamellar bones were observed in the distracted gap. There were bony bridges in the distraction gap in all animals examined. These results suggest that optimal time of latency period on alveolar ridge distraction using the intraoral distraction device is about 5 days in dogs, and about 7days in human beings.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.207-216
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 장애인 고용기업체 간 임금 격차 기여요인 분석을 통하여 장애인 노동자의 임금 수준에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하는 것이다. 연구의 대상은 한국장애인고용공단 고용개발원『2018년 기업체 장애인 고용실태조사』의 원자료 중 주요 변수에 결측이 발생한 케이스를 제외한 3,546건이며, SPSS 25와 STATA 14를 이용하여 장애인 고용기업체 간 임금 불평등 분해분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과 장애인 고용기업체의 임금 격차에 기여하는 요인은 '교육수준' 12.63%, '자산' 6.37%, '직무숙련 정도' 4.87%, '여성고용비율' 3.30%, '판매이익' 2.33%, '장애인 노동자 대상 교육 및 훈련 실시' 1.19%, '노동조합가입률' 0.67%, '직장유형' 0.42%, '평균 근로시간' 0.41%, '장애인의 작업 수준에 대한 인식' 0.34%, '장애인 고용이 기업에 도움이 된다는 인식' 0.23%, '장애인 고용비용에 대한 긍정적 인식' 0.17% 등의 순으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 분석결과를 토대로 본 연구는 장애인 노동자에게 적절한 임금이 제공되기 위한 장애인 고용기업 차원과 사회적 차원, 장애인 노동자 차원에서의 접근을 제안하였다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1025-1033
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• 2011

본 논문은 공동공진기(cavity resonator)와 스트립라인(stripline) 구조를 이용하여 전력을 전송할 수 있도록 구현한 무접점 전력 전송 장치에 관한 것이다. 전력 전송 시 송수신기가 밀착된 상태에서 구현되는 무접점 전력 전송 방식으로, 외부에 도체 단자가 없어 송수신기가 전기적으로 분리되며, 전력 송수신에 필요한 수신부의 크기를 최소화할 수 있다. 공진기용 공동(cavity)의 윗면 도체판에 입력 포트 및 출력 포트용 슬롯(slot)을 구성하고, 그 위에 스트립라인 구조를 이용하여 입력 포트와 출력 포트를 형성한 공동공진기에서, 출력 포트의 일부를 분리하여 탈착 가능하도록 전력수신부를 형성하고, 이 전력수신부를 제외한 나머지 부분 즉, 스트립라인-슬롯 결합(coupling)된 입력 포트, 공동공진기, 출력 포트용 슬롯 등은 모두 전력송신부에 포함시킴으로 전력 전송 장치를 송수신기로 분리하여 제작할 수 있다. 이 송수신기를 결합시키면 마치 하나의 공진기 내에서 입력 포트에서 출력 포트로 전력이 전달되는 형태가 된다. 제작된 무접점 전력 전송 장치의 중심 주파수는 5.782 GHz이며, 이때 측정된 $S_{21}$값은 -1.07 dB로 나타나 약 78 %의 높은 전력 전송율을 갖는 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.32-35
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• 2004

Purpose: The most important prognostic factors in gastric cancer is the depth of invasion of the primary tumor and lymph node metastasis. The nodal staging of the 5th edition of the Union Internationale Contrala Cancrums (UICC) TNM classification in 1997 was changed based on the number of metastatic lymph node. We attempted to evaluate the prognostic significance of N2 group metastasis in pT3pN1 gastric cancer patients by comparing two different nodal staging systems. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was made for 352 gastric cancer patients who underwent curative resection, including D2 dissection, from 1991 to 1997 at Asan Medical Center. A clinicopathologic comparison between two groups by using a nodal staging systems was summarized into a table. Cumulative survival rates were calculated by using the Kaplan-Meier method. The difference between the two groups was evaluated by using the log rank test with SPSS 11.5 for Windows Results: There were no statistical differences in clinicopathologic factors. However, there was a significant difference in survival rate between the two groups (P=0.0009). This suggests that N2 group metastasis in pT3pN1 gastric cancer patients has a clinical significance for predicting prognosis. Conclusion: Our results suggest a possibility of prognostic significance of N2 group metastasis. Therefore, anatomical location of the lymph node should be described.