• 식물병과 농업
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.34-40
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• 1999

The virus infection rates and disease symptoms of three major citrus viruses, citrus tristeza virus (CTV), satsuma dwarf virus (SDV), and citrus tatter leaf virus (CTLV), were investigated at 35 citrus orchards in Cheju Island from 1995. The infection rates of CTV, SDV, and CTLV were 69.8%, 8.6%, and 9.3%, respectively. However, depending on cultivars there were significant differences in the infection rates. The infection rates of CTV were highest in early satsuma mandarin (Citrusunshiu) with 80.9% and lowest in very early satsuma mandarin with 51.9%. In SDV, the highest was in very early stasuma mandarin with 23.1% and the lowest was in early satsuma mandarin with 6.3%. And the highest infection rate in very early satsuma mandarin with 17.9% and the lowest in tangors with 7.3% in CTLV. The symptoms of virus-infected citrus were very diverse; small and abnormal shape of fruits, abnormal leaves such as narrow boat and small spoon shapes of leaves, stem-pitting on the twig, bud-union crease and swelling of the graft part, reduction of the plant vigor and poor yields.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제24권67호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2001

A series of studies with collaboration of university, research institute, and labor union were conducted to examine the situation and severity of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) at an automobile company which is one of the three major car companies in Korea. As the first part of the study, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 4,000 employees at 2 different assembly sites and A/S centers over the country. The questionnaire was consisted of three parts; symptom survey, work environment information, and labor intensity survey. Among 4,000 questionnaires, 2,643 responses were considered for analysis. The result showed that 68.5% of the respondents complained pains on at least one part of the body and 48.8% on at least two parts of the body. After cross-sectional analysis of various information and risk factors such as severity of symptom, duration and frequency of pain, 31.5% of respondents were considered as at high risk of having MSDs. This high-risk rate showed similar result when compared with previous studies conducted at various manufacturing industries in Korea. Also the analysis of the work environment and job intensity survey supported the high-risk rate of MSDs.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2016

Purpose - This study purposes to analyze the impact of regional economic integration and macroeconomic on Indonesian FDI inflows. Research design, data, and methodology - Data were collected from bilateral relation between Indonesia and 21 home countries whose dominant share FDI to Indonesia from 2005 to 2013. Analysis method was conducted by panel gravity modeI to find the impact of regional economic integration and macroeconomic on Indonesian FDI inflows. Results - The empirical results show that GDP of the home country and Indonesia have a positive impact on Indonesia FDI. Distance and home country real interest rate have a negative impact on Indonesia FDI. Economic integration of European Union (EU) and Indonesia's cooperation with Japan in ASEAN-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership (AJCEP) have created impact of investment creation on Indonesia FDI, unfortunately, economic integration of ASEAN has created impact of investment diversion on Indonesian FDI. Conclusions - In order to increase FDI inflow to Indonesia, Indonesia government should improve the physical and social infrastructures to drive the productivity and economic efficiency. It will increase the GDP and also attract more investors. Low interest rate policy should be considered.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.1176-1185
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• 2000

In this paper, we analyze the distribution of the envelope of the received signal over frequency-nonselective slow Rician fading channels with aadditive white Gaussian noise(AWGN). Especially, we can obtain the error rate performance of noncoherent M-ary FSK(MFSK) over slow and flat Rician fading channels and AWGN from the new probability density function(PDF) of the envelope, not PDF of the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) published before, of the received signal. When coherent MFSK signals experience the Rician fading channel, the performances are derived, using the union bound.

• 기술사
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2010

Soil plays a huge role in climate change, because even a tiny loss of 0.1% of carbon emitted into the atmosphere from European soils is the equivalent to the carbon emission of 100million extra cars on Europe's roads - an increase of about half of the existing car fleet. Soils contain around twice the amount of carbon in the atmosphere and three times the amount to be found in vegetation. Europe's soils are an enormous carbon reservoir, containing around 75billion tonnes, and poor management can have serious consequences. Soil degradation is accelerating across the EU, with negative effects on human health, ecosystems and climate change - and on economic prosperity and quality of life. Climate change is identified as a common element in many soil threats. Europe's soils urgently need better protection. The current trend of soil degradation needs to be reversed, and soil management practices must be improved if a high rate of soil carbon sequestration is to be achieved.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.59-63
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• 1998

There have been numerous methods to obtain a stable arthrodesis of the tibiotalar joint. However, a controvercy has arisen over the most successful and reproducible method to obtain an arthrodesis. The objective of this report is to show that an ankle arthrodesis can be performed successfully and advantageously by using cannulated screws under arthroscopic control and that our csaes will be a part of the multicentric study of arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis in korea. Between May 1996 and May 1997, we perfomed 3 ankle arthrodesis under arthroscopy using cannulated screws. Two patients had post-traumatic osteoarthritis and one had rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical ankylosis in one case and radiological union in two cases were obtained in 12 weeks postoperatively. We propose that arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis is effective procedure in patient who has minimal deformity and bone loss, advantages like small incision, minimal morbidity, low infection rate and rapid return to normal daily activity, but more cases and comparision with open tecnique will be needed.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.274-279
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• 2009

Reduction Gear Box where from productive site uses the gear with power delivery with high mechanical efficiency of power a deceleration and as the mechanical element union product which has the velocity ratio which is various together is produced with the power occurrence motor and leads gets a high driving force is plentifully used. The above occurs from gear drive issue sound Whine, Noise and Vibration as occurring from the rim process which the gear will bite mainly is delivered with the case etc. gear drive whole which leads the axis and the bearing. The productivity falls with the going straight rate decrease which with like this problem point is caused by with rework the problem point where the cost of production rises under improving boil many kinds analyzed the plan and investigates the resultant acceleration sensor which and a frequency analysis system and was made to apply.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 1996

This study was performed to determine the ideal mixing ratio of toothash and plaster of Paris. The histopathologic and histomorphometric study of bone response of five implant materials, toothash(Group A), tooth and plaster mixture, mixing ratio due to weight 2 : 1(Group B), 3 : 1(Group C), 4 : 1(Group D), and plaster Paris(Group E), were performed in rat calvarial defect. No sign of extensive inflammatory reaction was defected. Newly-formed bony ingrowth occurred in all experimental groups except for group E at 12 weeks after operation. Bone was deposited directly on the surface of implant materials. The highest rate of direct bony union between implant material and newly-formed bone occurred with the group B, followed group C, D, and A.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2018

According to the evaluation of basic properties and mechanical characteristics of polymer cement mortars that contain re-dispersible type polymer, in the case of fresh mortars, flow and air content were increased due to the dispersion action of entrained air and surfactant with an increase of polymer addition ratio. In the case of mortars after hardening, flexural strength, bonding strength, absorption rate and carbonation resistance were improved due to the increased union and waterproof characteristics of internal structures as a result of the formation of polymer film.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.33-68
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• 2023

The present article investigates empirically whether non-reciprocal trade preferences (NRTPs) offered by QUAD countries (Canada, the European Union, Japan, and the United States) to developing countries have helped to promote economic growth in the beneficiary countries. Two main blocks of NRTPs are considered here: Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) programs and other trade preferences programs. The analysis used a set of 90 beneficiary countries of NRTPs that are concurrently recipients of development aid over the period of 2002-2018. Using the two-step system generalized method of moments, the analysis indicated that while a higher degree of utilization of each of these two blocks of NRTPs has been associated with a high economic growth rate, development aid enhances this positive effect. This highlights the need for donors to support a development strategy based on the provision of both development aid and NRTPs if they are to help beneficiary countries to promote economic growth. Finally, when the positive economic growth effect of the utilization of NRTPs is higher, the result is a greater country's share of exports (under preferential tariffs) to QUAD countries out of their total merchandise exports.