• Title/Summary/Keyword: unheated greenhouse

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2 Cropping systems using field crops in unheated plastic house at paddy field

  • Shin, Jung-Ho;Moon, Jin-Young;Song, Jae-Ki;Choi, Yong-Jo;Hong, Kwang-Pyo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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    • 2017.06a
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    • pp.279-279
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    • 2017
  • In Korea, the single span unheated plastic house cultivated crops from autumn to spring of the following year, removed the plastic film and frame, cultivated rice, set up a plastic house again and cultivated crops. The crops in the greenhouse are utilized mainly for the production of leaf vegetables such as lettuce, leek, and fruit vegetables such as strawberry, watermelon, oriental melon, etc. and raising high income. Because, the production of these crops has characteristics requiring a lot of labor and it is difficult to produce horticultural crops at unheated plastic houses as the rural population ages. Therefore, we conducted a test to develop a crop planting system to cultivate crops in single span unheated plastic houses, although the utilization of labor is less than that of horticultural crops. The prior cropping cultivated three cultivars of sweet potatoes early, the second produced cultivated sweet potatoes, corn and soybeans. In the cultivation of the previous cropping, the sweet potatoes were harvested on the 113th day after planting on March 30th, the yield was 822 kg/10a for Pungwonmi, 1,377 kg/10a for Jinhongmi, 1,483 kg/10a for the Dahomi. Because of differences, the yield of Pungwonmi cultivar was less than that other cultivars and the yield of open field cultivations, we will expect further research. In the cultivation of the succeeding crops sweet potatoes were planted on July 27 and harvested 110 days later and investigated. The product yield of Pungwonmi cultivar was 1,024 kg/10a, and the Jinhongmi, Dahomi cultivars were not at economic level for sale and were necessary to review. In succeeding-crops, corn tested the Ilmichal cultivar, seeded on 27th July, harvested on October 11th. The day of silking was 45 days after sowing, the yield was 1,156 kg/10a, the goods rate was 100% level. The beans in the succeeding cultivation crop were sowed on 27th July, the early maturing of the varieties coming to Hwangeumol and Saeol cultivar, on 17th October, the late maturing soybean Daewonkong cultivar were harvested on October 21st. The yield of early maturing two cultivars was 214 kg/10a, Daewonkong was 257 kg/10a, and 100 seeds weight which were more than the early maturing beans were also heavy. When calculating these incomes price-wise according to the harvest time, we were able to consider the income in the order of corn, sweet potato and soybean from the second term crop. Various studies such as varieties, mulching method, moisture management, control environment management, etc. are considered necessary to develop cropping systems with sweet potato and field crops in future unheated plastic house.

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Influences of Tunnel Covering Materials and Seeding Dates on the Growth and Productivity of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatic F.) under Unheated Greenhouse (공심채 무가온 하우스 재배시 터널피복재와 파종시기에 따른 생육과 생산성 비교)

  • Uhm, Mi Jeong;Kwon, Sung Whan;Song, Young Ju
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.349-355
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    • 2014
  • This study was performed to evaluate influences of tunnel covering materials and seeding dates on the growth and productivity of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic F.) cultured early in unheated greenhouse. During tunnel installation period, from March 5 to April 30 and from October 11 to November 10, air and soil temperature in tunnel covered with polyethylene film (PEF) had risen $2.0-2.4^{\circ}C$ and $0.9-1.0^{\circ}C$, respectively, compared to those in non-tunnel (NT). Air and soil temperature in tunnel with illite non-fabric (INF) also had risen $1.6-1.8^{\circ}C$ and $0.6-0.8^{\circ}C$, respectively. Especially, it showed greater effects of the rise at low temperature time zones of the day. In plots of seeding on March 15 in tunnel covered with PEF or INF, temperature during emergence period, emergence days and rate were similar to plot seeding on April 5 in NT. There were two more harvesting in plots of seeding on March 5 or March 15 in tunnel, and increasing of total yield by 22.5-25.7% compared to plot of seeding on April 5 in NT. But there was observed no significant differences between PEF and INF. Whereas PEF was necessary to be removed at midday sometimes because it had risk of high temperature injury, INF was not necessary. All above suggest that it was suitable to sow seed on the middle of March in tunnel covered with INF, for early culture of water spinach in unheated greenhouse.

Influences of Seeding Dates and Pinching Height on Tender Shoot Productivity of Moloheiya (Corchorus olitorius L.) (모로헤이야 파종시기와 적심높이에 따른 신초의 생산성 비교)

  • Uhm, Mi Jeong;Kwon, Sung Whan;Kim, Hee June;Song, Young Ju
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.196-201
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    • 2015
  • This study was conducted to seek optimum sowing time and pinching height for tender shoots production of moloheiya (Corchorus olitorius L.), which is a subtropical leaf vegetables, under an unheated greenhouse in the south of Korea. Seeds of moloheiya did not germinate at all at $10^{\circ}C$, but germinated well at $18{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ with 95.5~98.5% germination rate. Germination rate was 75.0% at $15^{\circ}C$, but germination speed was very low. The pods of moloheiya sown before April 28 was matured after late-August, but those sown after May 7 was not matured in that year. In tender shoot production and harvest frequency, treatment sown on April 14 was most plentiful among sowing time treatments, and showed marketable yield increase by 14~42% compared to other sowing times. Mean-while, pinching at 100cm high from soil surface was more effective than other heights for increment of branches and tender shoot. All above suggest that it was suitable to sow seed on mid-April and to pinch at 100cm high from soil surface for increment of tender shoots in the south of Korea.

Root zone environments in two cropping system within a year for Kyoho grapes (포도 '거봉'의 2기작 재배에서 근권환경 특성)

  • 오성도;김용현
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.6 no.4
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    • pp.235-241
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    • 1997
  • This study was performed to investigate the behaviour of root zone environments under the control of soil temperature and tension of soil moisture near the root Bone of 'Kyoho' grapes tree grown on restricted root zone system in plastic greenhouse. Maximum diurnal air temperature inside plastic greenhouse ranged between 25.1 and 32.7$^{\circ}C$, and the average of nocturnal air temperature inside plastic greenhouse maintained at 18$^{\circ}C$ in winter season. Also the minimum diurnal relative humidity ranged between 50 and 55%, and the maximum nocturnal relative humidity ranged between 84 to 87%. At a depth of 15cm from soil surface, the average soil temperature maintained at 25.6$^{\circ}C$ for under-ground heating, and appeared to 17.4$^{\circ}C$ for unheated condition. Although the tension of soil moisture just after irrigation sharply decreased to pF 1.5, the tension of soil moisture at the depth of 15cm maintained at pF 2.0~2.2. It is suggested that the tension of soil moisture at the depth of 15cm might be used as the standard for the determination of irrigation set point. Effective drainage system is needed to prevent the spindly and succulent growth of vine trees grown in restricted root zone system.

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The Growth of Cucumber and Variation of Soil Temperature Used by Warming Water Irrigation System (가온관수 시스템에 따른 지온변화와 오이의 생육)

  • 김태욱;김진현
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.15-22
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    • 2001
  • A soil temperature was known as extremely important factor in terms of measuring the values of the growth and yield of vegetable in the greenhouse. A low temperature water irrigation was had much trouble in its growth. This study was performed to analyze the effect of the heating water irrigation on the soil temperature and the growth of a cucumber within a greenhouse environment. Soil temperature was 5-7$^{\circ}C$ below to 10cm in depth and 2-3$^{\circ}C$ to 20cm when the irrigation water temperature was 13$^{\circ}C$ (non-warme water irrigation). Soil temperature was similar to irrigation water temperature at 5cm in depth and was 1.5-2$^{\circ}C$ below at 10cm when the irrigation water temperatures were 2$0^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$. The early growth rates of heating water irrigation were 109-110% in plant height, 107-108% in leaf number, 103% in node number compared with those of unheated water irrigation for 30 days after planting it. The rates of total yield were 115% in 2$0^{\circ}C$ water irrigation plots and 121% in $25^{\circ}C$ water irrigation plots while those of unheated water irrigation plots were.

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Nutritional Components Content of Oriental Melon Fruits Cultivated under Different Greenhouse Covering Films (시설하우스 외피복재 종류에 따른 참외과실의 성분 함량)

  • Choi, Young-Jun;Chun, Hee;Kim, Hark-Joo;Lee, Si-Young;Yum, Sung-Hyun;Choi, Young-Ha;Shin, Yong-Seop;Chung, Doo-Seok
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.72-77
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    • 2007
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effect of functional cover film on oriental melon fruit quality under unheated plastic greenhouse cultivation in cold period. The 6 kind of films having different characteristics were covered at plastic greenhouses and oriental melon seedlings were cultivated at 2 regions of Seongju, respectively. The air-temperatures in plastic greenhouses of J-1 and J-2, having high infrared absorption rate, were about $2{\sim}5^{\circ}C$ higher than K-3. The contents of ${\beta}-carotene$ and sugar of fruit showed significant difference between functional and normal films. The sucrose, determining a sweetness during maturation, and soluble solids content of fruits cultivated in J-1, J-2, J-3, and K-1 were higher than those of K-2 and K-3. Ascorbic acid of fruits was highest in K-2 having low light transmission rate and thermo-keeping capacity. There was no significant difference in mineral content among all of cover films. These results indicated that the use of functional greenhouse covering films could improve fruit quality such as ${\beta}-carotene$ and sugar content of oriental melon.

Identification of Molecular Markers Linked to Ti Locus in Soybean

  • Kim Myung Sik;Park Min Jung;Hwang Jung Gyu;Jo Soo Ho;Ko Mi Suk;Chung Jong Il
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.49 no.5
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    • pp.419-422
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    • 2004
  • Soybean is a major source of protein meal in the world. Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) protein is responsible for the inferior nutritional quality of unheated or incompletely heated soybean meal. The objective of this research was to identify RAPD markers linked to KTI protein allele using bulked segregant analysis. Cultivar Jinpumkong2 (TiTi) was crossed with C242 (titi, absence of KTI protein) and F. seeds were planted. The $F_1$. plants were grown in the greenhouse to produce $F_2$ seeds. Each $F_2$ seed from $F_1$. plants was analysed electrophoretically to determine the presence of the KTI protein band. The present and absent bulks contained twenty individuals each, which were selected on the basis of the KTI protein electrophoresis, respectively. Total 94 $F_2$ individuals were constructed and 1,000 Operon random primers were used to identify RAPD primers linked to the Ti locus. The presence of KTI protein is dominant to the lack of a KTI protein and Kunitz trypsin inhibit protein band is controlled by a single locus. Four RAPD primers (OPAC12, OPAR15, OPO12, and OPC08) were linked to the Ti locus. RAPD primer OPO12 was linked to Ti locus, controlling kunitz trypsin inhibitor protein at a distance of 16.0 cM. This results may assist in study of developing fine map including Ti locus in soybean.

Effect of Planting Density on the Growth and Yield in Staking Cultivation of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) under Non-heated Greenhouse (여주 무가온 하우스내 입체재배시 재식밀도가 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향)

  • Seong, Ki-cheol;Kim, Chun Hwan;Wei, Seung Hwan;Lim, Chan Gyu;Son, Danial
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.173-177
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    • 2015
  • This experiment was conducted to determined the optimum planting density for the production of high quality bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) adapted in spring cultivation with the unheated greenhouse condition. 'Erave' variety was planted at three different planting densities (235, 305, $380plants{\cdot}10a^{-1}$) on March 26. The training method was six lateral vines with pinching the main one. The light intensity was lower in the higher planting density than the lower one. Net photosynthetic rates of the bitter gourd leaves in the higher density were significantly lower (41 to 71%) than the lower one. There was no difference in the fruit characteristics among treatments. But the root weight was heavier in the lower planting density ($235plants{\cdot}10a^{-1}$) as 113.1g than 96.0g of the higher planting density ($380plants{\cdot}10a^{-1}$). The number of the harvested fruit also higher in the lower planting density ($235plants{\cdot}10a^{-1}$) with 60.7 than 39.9 of the higher planting density ($380plants{\cdot}10a^{-1}$). The average fruit weight was the highest in the plot of $305plants{\cdot}10a^{-1}$ as 338.7g and lowest in the lower planting density ($235plants{\cdot}10a^{-1}$) as 285.2g. The total yield of $305plants{\cdot}10a^{-1}$ density was $5,359kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$, which was higher than $4,068kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$ of the lower planting density ($235plants{\cdot}10a^{-1}$). Marketable yield was increased by 24% in the planting density of $305plants{\cdot}10a^{-1}$($4,767kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$) as compared to the lower density in $235plants{\cdot}10a^{-1}$($3,629kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$) and increased by 13% in the planting density as $380plants{\cdot}10a^{-1}$($4,137kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$). Therefore, the planting density of bitter gourd was desirable in $305plants{\cdot}10a^{-1}$ density for the higher yield and quality in the protected cultivation.