• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.345-375
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• 2018

This study examines labour market and unemployment protection policies as a configuration in 12 OECD countries in order to investigate how countries from different regime conform to or diverse from previous welfare state regime discussion, and to examine its relationship with poverty and inequality. In analyzing the combination of the unemployment insurance, the unemployment assistance, and active labour market policy, firstly, fuzzy scores of unemployment insurance was calculated by analyzing the strictness of eligibility, duration of benefit and the generosity of income replacement rate. For unemployment assistance, the ratio of public assistance expenditure to the GDP in each country and the ratio of unemployment benefit level to the average wage in each country have been considered. As for the active labour market policy, the total expenditure per GDP of this policy was converted into fuzzy points and analyzed. As a result, 5 types in 2005 and 6 types in 2010 were generated. Specifically, 'assistance type(iAp)', 'insurance type (Iap)', 'comprehensive safety net type (IAP)', 'weak safety net type(iap)' were analyzed. This paper suggested policy implication for South Korean case, which consistently had high score for weak safety net type(iap).

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.1-29
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• 2016

This study examines the effects of the "youth unemployment bonus" program implemented in 2004. We view this program through the lenz of search-matching models and apply a quasi-experimental approach to an administrative unemployment insurance database of Korea. This episode is particularly useful because the program aims at long-term unemployed youths and the size of public assistance is large enough to subsidize employers for a year with a monthly subsidy of about $600. The main effects are found to be as follows: (i) the search period gets shortened by 18 days, (ii) the subsequent wage has increased by about three percents, and (iii) a conservative benefit-cost analysis reveals the validity of this program. We interpret these results in the context of general equilibrium models.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.67-91
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• 2024

This paper aims to examine the economic impact of the implementation of an unemployment insurance (UI) program for entrepreneurs in South Korea. Despite facing labor market risks similar to paid employees, entrepreneurs are often not eligible for UI in many countries. South Korea, where entrepreneurs represent over 20% of the workforce, is considering a design of UI for entrepreneurs, with the goal of providing coverage to this group by 2025. This study examines how the addition of UI for entrepreneurs would impact the economy using a model of entrepreneurship based on a search and matching framework. The study's findings suggest that the implementation of UI for entrepreneurs would lead to increased business closures and reduced hiring, resulting in a slack labor market, which in turn would reduce social welfare overall. However, social welfare can be improved by subsidizing UI contributions paid by entrepreneurs, which provides the greatest improvement in social welfare compared to other social protection systems such as unemployment assistance.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.37
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• pp.143-169
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• 1999

The problems of unemployment have been recognized as male problems even though the female unemployment problems are as significant as those of men since IMF. The women who have experienced insecure employment and lower wage than men in the labor market are having more serious economic difficulties after being unemployed. Especially economic problems of the unemployed female headed families are anticipated to be tremendous because the female heads do not have spouses who can act as a buffer seeking or beginning to work to reduce economic hardship. The purpose of this paper is to compare living conditions and utilization of the unemployment programs between male and female heads of the family who are unemployed and discouraged workers. It will examine the functionalism, human capital theory, and feminist perspectives on the cause of female unemployment in order to help understanding of their living situations after being unemployed. Then, it will compare the socio-demographic characteristics, their economic activities before being unemployed, their living conditions and changes in family life after being unemployed, their efforts to overcome unemployment and utilization of various government unemployment programs. It used the national data of National Unemployment Survey of Korean Institute of Health and Social Affairs conducted in 1998 and analyzed 283 female and 1,528 male family heads who are unemployed and discouraged workers. It reveals that the female family heads experienced lower economic status in the labor market before being unemployed, are having more serious economic hardship because of it, utilize more of the government programs such as public work and public assistance than the male family heads but less of the public loans for the unemployed. It recommends expansion of public work and public assistance, more vigorous advertisement of various unemployment programs, and active training of job creation technique for female family heads.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.39-48
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• 2022

This research aims to investigate the application of Keynes's theory in Indonesia, particularly in solving unemployment and poverty problems through government spending, economic growth, and human resource capacity. The basic concepts of the Keynesian theory were used as a method, through which government spending was harnessed toward economic growth in reducing unemployment and poverty rate. The analytical materials used were panel data for the 2017-2021 period in Central Java, Indonesia. The analytical methodology used was a multiple regression experimental design in selecting the best model according to Keynes's theory, especially for overcoming formidable problems. The main results showed that large Government spending program is ineffective in encouraging pro-growth, pro-job, pro-poor, and pro-equity development policy strategies. The causes of this failure include the violation of Keynes' assumptions about rationality and the low quality of education investment, which do not encourage productive and innovative entrepreneurship, as well as self-employment opportunities. As a result, government spending, including subsidies and direct financial assistance, used to implement the macroeconomic monetary, unstructured, and fiscal policy system is insufficient to significantly reduce the enormous difficulties. The main research results confirm that human capital capacity is the key to mitigating and reducing unemployment and poverty.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.42
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• pp.397-422
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• 2000

Since 1998 when economic assistance from IMF started, the empirical research on the effects of unemployment and drastic income loss on psychological functioning among the unemployed as well as their family members has increased. These studies have found that unemployment and drastic income loss following unemployment have significant negative influence on the psychological outcomes such as anxiety and depression of the unemployed and their family members. Studies have also focused on the role of social support in this process, and reported that depending on the levels of received social support, unemployment and income loss have differential effects on the psychological aspects of the unemployed. However, these studies have several weaknesses. First, most of the related studies employed the data which were collected from limited regions of the country, which imposes limitations on the scope of the generalizability of research findings. Second, the main independent variables used in these studies were mainly unemployment or income loss, which ignore the psychological evaluation by the employed of their family financial situations. Third, in analyzing the moderating effects of social support, most studies have focused mainly on showing the existence of moderating effects by social support. Consequently, the nature and role of social support remained unanalyzed and left to speculations. The purpose, of this study is to examine the effects of economic pressure experienced by family heads who were unemployed and to analyze the moderating role of social support based on a nationally representative sample. The findings showed that economic pressure has negative influence on anxiety and depressive feelings among the unemployed, and that the effect of economic pressure on depressive feelings were substantially higher among those who have received lower levels of social support from family members than that among those with higher levels of family support.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.38
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• pp.100-125
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• 1999

As economic crisis has deepened mass unemployment and widespread destitution since the end of 1997, the Korean society is now underway of social disorganisation. It is thus widely accepted that National Basic Livelihood Programme, which reformed the existing public assistance programme, is urgently needed to relieve low-income families from extreme poverty. It is in this regard that this paper purports to review the debates on, and to suggest the feasible schemes for the National Basic Livelihood Programme. For this purpose, chapter two critically reviews government's comprehensive counter-measures against mass unemployment, and chapter three examines main points of the National Basic Livelihood Act. Chapter four compares "programme-centrad approach" and "basic living approach", and duly suggests feasible schemes for the National Basic Livelihood Programme.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.33-45
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• 2015

Present study aims to describe who are the non-regular female workers in South Korea. The dominant form of employment of Korean female non-regular workers is characterized by instable contract, low wage, long-time work and exclusion from the state and occupational welfare. Also, non-regular female workers are not homeogenous but there are various groups of women among female non-regular workers including young part-time workers, high educational middle class contract professionals, particular contract workers such as home-schooling teachers. However, it would worth noting that over 40s, low-educational, low income, breadwinning women who are working in sales, service, and simple handy job are most likely to become non-regular female workers in South Korea. Those women are the major group among non-regular female workers. The public assistance (in cash) for non-regular workers are necessarily needed for them at this point in South Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Institute for Practical Engineering Education
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.144-149
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• 2012

This paper reviews the uncovered people of the Korean Employment Insurance System (EIS) and analyzes policy options for minimizing the dead zone of the EIS. There are several policy options such as subsidizing insurance premium to employers and employees of small companies, extending coverage of excluded groups, relaxing qualifications of unemployment benefits and increasing benefit period and level, introducing the unemployment assistance system, introducing the unemployment insurance savings account system, extending coverage to non-wage workers and individualizing package services. According to the survey to the specialists and comparative evaluation criteria, the best policy option to minimize the dead zone of the EIS was to activate individualizing package services of intensive consultation, job place services, tailored vocational training, income support, daycare services, etc. to cure complex employment barriers of job seekers.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.42
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• pp.169-198
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• 2000

This paper attempts to analyze the early retirement in the OECD countries and discuss implication of that in the old age policy in Korea. The increase of the early retirement in the almost all OECD countries is a common fact. Especially the rate of early retirement rapidly increased in the 1980s, mostly reflecting the high rate of unemployment and states' policies to reduce it. However, it varies across countries: the unemployment compensation pathway in France, the mixture of social assistance and private insurance in England, VUT in Netherland, the privatization of the early retirement in the U. S., and partial retirement and labor market policy in Sweden. The early retirement in the advanced countries contributes to de-institutionalization and de-standardization in life course model. It resulted in the erosion of the ordinary conception that the retirement was the beginning of the old age. And the last phase of life course became blurred. With respect to the problem of the early retirement, there is a big difference between Korea and the OECD countries. Above all, the retirement age is 55 years in many companies and the public pension is not universalized in Korea. Accordingly the policy for income security of the old age in Korea should be connected with social security policy such as the gradual extension of the retirement age and the expansion of the public pension and labor market policy such as job training for the old age, transformation of the seniority wage system etc.