• 보건행정학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.21-47
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• 2004

There is general agreement that the Korean health care delivery system has two basic structural problems. One is the limited capacity and role of public hospitals, and the other is the absence of functional differentiation and referral arrangement between the clinics and hospitals of various technological sophistication levels. This study is intended to make an empirical observation of the system's growth process from the viewpoint of the population ecology model of organizations so as to understand the background of these problems and to find out ways of approaching them. As predicted from the population ecology model of organizations, all the types of medical care facilities have expanded in response to the environmental changes for the past three decades or so, and the differences in the extent and pattern of expansion among the types are related to what have taken place in the environment. These findings suggest that the efforts for reforming the health care delivery system should be directed not only to medical care institutions but also to the environmental context under which they function. It is believed that the usefulness of the population ecology perspective on organizations for studying the health care delivery system has been demonstrated. Thus further studies along this line based upon more strict design would improve systematic understanding of the system that is needed for developing policy approaches needed to increase its effectiveness.

• 천문학회보
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.56.2-56.2
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• 2012

We present a study of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) contribution to the total Ks band luminosity of star clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) as a function of age. AGB stars, a representative intermediate-age population, are a strong source of NIR to MIR emission so that they are a critical component for understanding the near-to-mid infrared observation of galaxies. Current calibration of IR emission in evolutionary population synthesis (EPS) models for galaxies is mainly based on a small number of LMC star clusters. However, each LMC star cluster with intermediate age contains only a few AGB stars so that it suffers from a stochastic effect. Therefore a large number of them are needed for solid calibration of the EPS models. We study physical properties of a large number of LMC star clusters to estimate the Ks band luminosity fraction of AGB stars in star clusters as a function of age. We discuss the stochastic effect in calibrating models, and the importance of this calibration for studying the evolution of not only nearby galaxies but also of high-z galaxies.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2003

The longitudinal magnetooptical Kerr effect was used to analyse magnetic domains in soft magnetic ${(Fe_{97}A1_3)}_{85}N_{15}$/$Al_{2}O_{3}$ multilayers in order to get microscopic understanding of interlayer exchange coupling. The measuring system consists of a Kerr microscope, a CCIR camera (with an 8-bit framegrabber), 16 bit digital camera and computer system for real-time image processing and to control external magnetic field and cameras. The strength of ferromagnetic (EM) coupling as a function of the spacer thickness of $Al_2O_3$ was investigated. It was found that strong FM-coupling, strong uniaxial anisotropy and coherent rotation of the magnetization have been observed for the spacer thickness in the range of 0.2 nm $\leq$ t $\leq$ 1 m, however, weak FM-coupling, patch domains and $360^{\circ}$-walls occur for the spacer thickness of t = 2.5 nm. At a spacer thickness of t $\geq$ 5 nm transition takes place from weak FM-coupling to the decoupled state where complex interlayer interactions and different types of the domain walls were observed.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 1978

Color is an important factor in dental esthetics. Application of natural tooth color will not fail to produce pleasing results. But a standardized method of shade matching has not been adopted. If we are to overcome the color matching problem in dentistry, an understanding of the nature of color and light is essential. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different light sources and different background colors on the ability of observers to correctly match shades of artifical teeth. And observation was made to determine if the time spent in making a shade match was a factor in the correctness of the response. A test method was devised and 50 individuals made observations which were recorded and analyzed. $X^2$-test gave results indicating that the time factor had no effect on the response made. An analysis of variance showed the following effects significant at the five percent level; (1) light source (2) background color (3) subject. The following conclusions can be drawn from this study; (1) The time spent in making shade selection is not a factor in the correctness of the selections. (2) The light source used is an important factor in matching tooth shade; and there is no significant difference between the light sources in shade matching. (3) Under the conditions of this study, the greatest accuracy in shade matching was obtained on the brown background.

• 천문학회보
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.32.2-32.2
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• 2017

Stars form in dense core within the molecular clouds. The prestellar cores provide information of the physical characteristics at the very early stages of star formation. The low dust temperature (<14K) of Planck cold clumps/cores (PGCCs) make them likely to be prestellar objects or at the very initial stage of protostellar collapse. We have been conducting the legacy surveys of Planck cold clumps with the JCMT, the TRAO 14-m and many other telescopes. We aim to study of the initial conditions of star formation and chemical evolutions of the cores in the different environments. From JCMT SCUBA-2 $850{\mu}m$ survey (SCOPE), we have already identified hundreds of dense cores, which may be at the earliest phase of star formation. Therefore in order to explore the chemical evolution of these dense cores, we used KVN telescopes in order to observe 75 well selected SCUBA-2 cores in many molecules as the follow-up project of KVN Pilot Observation of SCUBA-2. These observations will help advance our understanding of the propoerties of these SCUBA-2 cores in PGCCs.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2008

Purpose: The study aimed at providing better understanding of the way of carrying out nursing practice tailored to meet patient's individuality, and types of customized care in home care settings. Method: This study was conducted with qualitative design, using a grounded theory method. The directors of the home care department at three general hospitals nominated 12 staff nurses who had the experience of customized care. The data were collected using interview and field observation, and analyzed line-by-line with steps of coding. Result: The core category of customized care was 'caring in a precise manner suited to patient's individuality'. The central phenomenon was 'desire to do more for patient'. The action and interactions were: (a) knowing a patient all the more, (b) making a special relationship to a patient, (c) designing care alternatives reflecting individuality, and (d) performing the care alternatives reflecting individuality. Three types of customized care were the following: (a) completion of customized care, (b) an attempt to customized care, and (c) abandonment of working for customized care. Conclusions: The knowledge of customized care would be based on development of nursing practice program focusing on patient' individuality, and instrument development necessary for further research on care customization.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.396-407
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• 2008

Hydrogeologic properties of a well field around middle mountainous areas in Pyosun, Jeju volcanic island were examined based on water level monitoring, geologic logging and pumping test data. Due to the alternating basaltic layers with varying permeability in the subsurface, it is difficult to analyze the hydraulic responses to artificial pumping and/or natural precipitation. The least permeable layer, detrital materials with clay, is found at a depth of 200 m below surface, but it is not an upper confining bed for lower main aquifer. Nevertheless, this layer may serve as a natural barrier to vertical percolation and to contaminant migration. Water levels of the production wells are dominantly affected by pumping frequently, while those of the remote observation wells are controlled by ambient precipitation. Results of pumping tests revealed a possible existence of horizontal anisotropy of transmissivity. However, some results of this study include inherent limitations enforced by field conditions such as the consistent of groundwater production and the set of time periods for the cessation of the pumping prior to pumping tests.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.19-36
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to develop the Public Practice Center's teaching-learning model by applying blended learning strategies which is complementary to the expected problems such as expansion of the educational object and diversity of the curriculum to maximize the educational effect and to analyze activation types of the Practical Practice Center to expand the Public Practice Center's function and role by studying the document. Blended Learning Strategies are established in consideration of the following eight (8) factors ; learning environment, learning purpose, learning contents, learning time, learning place, learning type, learning media, type of interaction. It is redesigned and amended to the KEDI's individual confirmation instruction model for skill learning (1975) which is considered to be effective in the filed of education by applying features, educational contents of the Public Practice Center's teaching and merit of Blended Learning Strategies simultaneous. This model is composed of six (6) steps as shown below; 1. Understanding on the purpose and orientation 2. Observation for demonstration of fundamental skill 3. Ex on-line learning 4. Acquirement of element skill 5. Confirmation for acquirement of fundamental skill 6. After on-line learning. Further to this, this model is designed so that the above eight factors will be applied to the students effectively and the merit of e-learning and off-line practice will be mixed to the learner's expectation and satisfaction.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2000년도 추계 학술대회지
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• pp.46-78
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• 2000

This paper is to introduce recent collaborative activities in agricultural weather information services among institutions in Korea as well as key concepts for understanding agrometeorological services. KMA and RDA have agreed upon the establishment of the Joint Committee for Agrometeorolgy at national level to strengthen the national agrometeorological services in data collection, information production, research, and services to end-users of agrometeorological information in Korea. Several on-going joint projects in agrometeorology by RDA/KMA are introduced in brief. The projects being developed are : Strengthening of the Joint Committee of agrometeorology, Extension of observation network for agricultural weather, Production of the detailed agrometeorological information based on numerical weather forecasts, Development of seasonal and interannual weather forecasts for agricultural applications, Information network system for supporting agrometeorological research, and Improvement of agrometeorological information services at national and regional level. Strengthening of programs for the education and training of agrometeorologists will be impending responsibilities of the government. The government must consider establishment of organizations dedicated to and in charge of national agrometeorological services to end-users. RDA and KMA should play a major role to obtain this goal, based on a close cooperation with universities, scientific societies, and other relevant institutions. If this plan is successful, major infrastructures and services in agrometeorology shall be established in the next 5 years, and we can contribute to regional and global societies through sharing experiences and know-hows.

• 천문학회보
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.76.2-76.2
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• 2012

The understanding spectral characterization of possible earth-like extra solar planets has generated wide interested in astronomy and space science. The technical central issue in observation of exoplanet is deconvolution of the temporally and disk-averaged spectra of the exoplanets. The earth model based on atmospheric radiative transfer method has been studied in recent years for solutions of characterization of earthlike exoplanet. In this study, we report on the current progress of the new method of 3D earth model as a habitable exoplanet. The computational model has 3 components 1) the sun model, 2) an integrated earth BRDF (Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function) model (Atmosphere, Land and Ocean) and 3) instrument model combined in ray tracing computation. The ray characteristics such as radiative power and direction are altered as they experience reflection, refraction, transmission, absorption and scattering from encountering with each all of optical surfaces. The Land BRDF characteristics are defined by the semi-empirical "parametric-kernel-method" from POLDER missions from CNES. The ocean BRDF is defined for sea-ice cap structure and for the sea water optical model, considering sun-glint scattering. The input cloud-free atmosphere model consists of 1 layers with vertical profiles of absorption and aerosol scattering combined Rayleigh scattering and its input characteristics using the NEWS product in NASA data and spectral SMARTS from NREL and 6SV from Vermote E. The trial simulation runs result in phase dependent disk-averaged spectra and light-curves of a virtual exoplanet using 3D earth model.