• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.623-632
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• 2005

This study was intended to collect the baseline information on dietary behavior of adults to develop nutrition education program in the context of healthy weights at community level. Nutrient intakes of 128 housewives were assessed by 24 hour recall method. Also food habits, nutrition knowledge and attitude were investigated by self-administered questionnaires. Subjects were divided to under-weight, normal-weight, over-weight groups by body mass index (BMI). Most under-weight groups evaluated as their current body images were normal. $41\%$ of normal-weight groups judged as their current body images were obese. Energy and fat intakes of over-weight group were significantly higher than that of under-weight and normal weight groups (p<0.05). However, carbohydrate and protein intakes showed no significant differences among the three groups. It appeared that active attitude toward change in nutrition attitude of normal weight group was significantly higher than that of under-weight group (p<0.05). There were no significant differences of food habit score, nutrition knowledge, and obesity habit scores among the three groups. The frequency of eating-out showed significant difference among three groups (p<0.05). Food habit scores were positively related to health-concerned attitude (r=0.174), convenience-concerned attitude (r=0.229) and food enjoyed attitude (0.213) and negatively related to obesity habit score (r=-0.206). Also, positive correlation of body fat mass with frequency of eatingout (r=0.213), instant food (r=0.227) and amount of meal (r=0.187) existed (p<0.05). We concluded that nutrition education programs for housewives should include specific strategies to modify unsound food behaviors and inappropriate perception of body image for a healthy weight.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.229-238
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• 2022

Q. mongolica and Q. dentata are representative species of deciduous forest communities in Korea and are known to be relatively resistant to soil drying condition among Korean oaks. This study attempted to elucidate the degree of competition and ecological niche characteristics of the two species by comparing the ecological responses of the two species according to soil moisture. Competition between Q. mongolica and Q. dentata was shown to be more intense under the conditions where moisture content was low than under the conditions where moisture content was high. As for the ecological niche overlaps of the two species for soil moisture, the structural traits of plant such as stem diameter overlapped the most, the traits of biomass such as petiole weight overlapped the least, and photosynthetic organ-related traits such as leaf width and length overlapped intermediately. When looking at the competition for soil moisture between the two species, it can be seen that Q. mongolica won in nine traits (leaf width length, leaf lamina length, leaf lamina weight, leaf petiole weight, leaf area, leaves weight, shoot weight, root weight, and plant weight) and Q. dentata won in the remaining seven traits (leaf petiole length, leaves number, stem length, stem diameter, stem weight, shoot length, and root length). Competition between the two species for the moisture environment of the soil was shown to be intense under the conditions where moisture content was low. The degree of competition between Q. dentata and Q. mongolica for soil moisture is high under the conditions where soil moisture content is low, and it is judged that Q. mongolica is more competitive for soil moisture than Q. dentata.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.454-465
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate distribution of obesity, body composition, weight control and dietary behaviors, and to analyze the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and physical characteristics, body composition and dietary behaviors by anthropmetric measurement and questionnaires. The 199 study subjects were divided into 3 age groups; 30's (78), 40's (77) and 50's (44) and 4 groups by BMI ; under weight (4.5%), normal (51.3%), over weight (26.1%) and obese (18.1%). Amount of skeletal muscle, body water, mineral and body fat were significantly increased with BMI. There were especially significant increase skeletal muscle 5.3 kg ($19.1\;{\rightarrow}\;23.5\;kg$), body water 5.3 kg ($26.3\;{\rightarrow}\;31.6\;kg$) and fat 15.2 kg ($11.2\;{\rightarrow}\;26.4\;kg$) from under weight to obesity group, respectively (p < 0.01). There were significantly decreased in the ratio of body water (10.3%), protein (2.7%) and body mineral (1.1%) from under weight to obesity, but significant increase 14.1% in body fat (p < 0.001). About 44.4% of under weight group and 40.1% of normal group and 50% of over and obesity group had dissatisfaction on their body images. Most of the women were concerned about their body images and experienced weight control. Dietary behavior scores of obesity group were significant lower than the other four groups (p < 0.001). There were significant positive correlation between BMI and body water (r = 0.62), protein (r = 0.52), skeletal muscle (r = 0.63), body fat (r = 0.91) and WH ratio (r = 0.91), respectively (p < 0.001). The correlation between BMI and body fat and WH ratio were much higher than the correlation between weight and fat and WH ratio.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.167-179
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• 2009

This study aims at examining perception of body weight control and lifestyles and food habits of under-weight, normal-weight and over-weight female college students. The data analysis were conducted by a body fat analyzer and questionnaires. The subjects were 368 female college students divided into three groups: the under-weight(UW), the normal-weight(NW), and the over-weight(OW), according to the guidelines of the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity(2000). Among the subjects, 18.2% were under-weight, 63.6% normal-weight, and 18.2% over-weight. Mean of body weights were 45.4kg, 53.3kg, and 63.7kg, and BMIs were $17.5kg/m^2$, $20.5kg/m^2$ and $24.6kg/m^2$ in the UW, NW, and OW groups, respectively. 'Self assessment of body weight' was significant at the level of p<0.001 according to the Obesity Index. Of the UW group, 41.8% considered their weight to be normal and 4.5% believed they are over-weight. In the NW group, 43.2% thought they are over-weight, 1.5% believed they are under-weight. 57.1 % of the UW group and 98.6% of the NW group had ever tried to reduce their weight. Their 'exercise frequency and exercise time' were not significant by the 01. 'Regularity in the daily life' of the subjects was significant at the level of p<0.05. 43.3 % of the OW group answered that they don't live regular daily lives. 'Sleeping time' of the subjects was significant at the level of p<0.05 by the 01. 41.8% of the OW group reported that they sleep 'between 7 and 8 hours a day' which was the highest rate among the three groups. 'Frequency of meals per day' was not significant by the OI. 'The speed of eating meals' was significant at p<0.01, 23.9% of the UW group, 31.2% of NW group, and 38.8% of OW group reported that they have meals 'in a very fast speed'. Concludingly, most of female college students conceive themselves as having inappropriate body image, which means that they need to be given additional education about nutrition and diet.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.107-112
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• 2004

The combining abilities in the 5 newly evolved thermo tolerant breeds viz., SR6, SR7, SR8 SR9 and SR10 of silkworm Bombyx mori L. and their 15 hybrids were made in a line${\times}$tester crossing programme. Data were analysed for seven quantitative traits i.e., pupation rate, cocoon yield, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell ratio, filament length and raw silk percentage under optimum room temperature $(25{\pm}{1^{\circ}C})$ conditions (In case of high temperature $(36{\pm}{1^{\circ}C})$ stress conditions five economic traits except filament length and raw silk percentage) with 3 widely adapted testers i.e., KA, CSR2 and CC1 as lines (females) and testers (males) respectively. The performance at high temperature and low humidity conditions aye only taken into consideration for selecting the best lines/hybrids. Among the lines SR6 exhibited positive General combining ability (GCA) effects for pupation rate, cocoon yield, cocoon weight and cocoon shell ratio traits, followed by SR7 for pupation rate, cocoon yield and cocoon shell weight and cocoon shell ratio. Among testers, KA exhibited positive GCA effects for two quantitative traits cocoon yield, cocoon weight and CSR2 for cocoon shell weight and cocoon shell ratio under adverse temperature conditions. The hybrid SR6${\times}$CC1 and SR7${\times}$CSR2 exhibited significant positive Specific combining ability (SCA) effects for majority of the traits in high temperature stress conditions of rearing. The better parent value of heterosis(Heterobeltiosis) was exhibited by the hybrid SR6${\times}$CC1 for pupation rate, cocoon yield, cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight and SR7${\times}$CSR2 for all the trails evaluated under high temperature conditions. Based on the results, the lines SR6 and SR7 was judged as best combiners and the hybrids SR6${\times}$CC1 and SR7${\times}$CSR2 can be selected for commercial exploitation in tropical climate.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.805-813
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• 2005

Concern about body weight among adolescents is too much, so distorted body images and weight control are serious problems among Korean girl students. This study was carried out to investigate perception of body images, weight control, food habits and eating behavior of 237 high school girl students in Seoul and Incheon. The subjects were divided into four groups based on Body Mass Index (BMI)-under weight ($21.3\%$), normal ($62.6\%$), over weight ($8.1\%$) and obesity ($8.1\%$). The survey was conducted from June to July 2005. The mean weight, length and BMI of the subjects was $53.4\pm7.4\;g,\;101\pm4.8\;cm,\;and\;20.6\pm2.7$, respectively. $56\%$ of the under weight group and $40.8\%$ of normal group had incorrect perception about their body images and $28.5\%$ of the under weight group and $76.9\%$ of the normal group had dissatisfaction about their body images. Most of the students were concerned about their body images and weight control. Dietary habit scores showed significant differences among the groups. These results suggested that effective nutritional programs should be developed including correct Perception of body image and good dietary habits. (Korean J Community Nutrition 10(6) : $805\∼813$, 2005)

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.33-40
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• 2009

In earthwork projects, the designer considers cut and fill balance for minimizing earthwork which may significantly decrease construction costs. Despite carrying out considerable earthwork design, the decrease in volume of earth occurs in construction sites because of embankment settlement under self-weight, consolidation settlement of soft ground, cavity filling and soil loss due to rainfall-runoff. To reflect the decrease in volume of earth, the specifications for road construction just give shrinkage factors in embankment for soils without consideration of embankment settlement under self-weight. In this study, the computational method is used to estimate the amount of embankment settlement under self-weight developed by Iseda (1972) and Ishii (1976). This research shows that the total compression settlements are between 3 to 10 percent of embankment height according to the property of embankment material and embankment height. As a result, the designer should consider the compression settlement on embankment material under selt-weight.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1083-1096
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• 2021

Compressed sensing-based matching pursuit algorithms can estimate the sparse channel of massive multiple input multiple-output systems with short pilot sequences. Although they have the advantages of low computational complexity and low pilot overhead, their accuracy remains insufficient. Simply multiplying the weight value and the estimated channel obtained in different iterations can only improve the accuracy of channel estimation under conditions of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), whereas it degrades accuracy under conditions of high SNR. To address this issue, an improved weighted matching pursuit algorithm is proposed, which obtains a suitable weight value u_op by training the channel data. The step of the weight value increasing with successive iterations is calculated according to the sparsity of the channel and u_op. Adjusting the weight value adaptively over the iterations can further improve the accuracy of estimation. The results of simulations conducted to evaluate the proposed algorithm show that it exhibits improved performance in terms of accuracy compared to previous methods under conditions of both high and low SNR.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.447-452
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• 1995

From January 1983 to December 1992, 116 patients under 10Kg of body weight were underwent open heart surgery in National Medical Center.There were 64 males and 52 females, and their mean age was 14 2.6 months, ranged from 3 days to 38 months. Their mean body weight was 7.4$\pm$1.2Kg, ranged from 2.4Kg to 10Kg which were less than 3 percentile of normal developmental pattern in 109 out of 116 cases.The composition of the patients was VSD[73 , TOF[18 , ASD[8 , ECD[5 , TGA[4 , PS[3 , TAPVC[2 , TA[1 , cardiac rhabdomyoma with ASD[1 , and Ebstein`s anomaly[1 . The overall surgical mortality was 17.2%.In acynotic group, 11 patients died among 91 patients and the mortality was 12.1%, in cyanotic group 9 patients died among 25 patients, the mortality was 36%.The surgical result of patients under 5Kg of body weight was worse than those over 5Kg of body weight. [56.2% versus 11% The surgical result in this period was improved year by year, but poor surgical results in the group of cyanotic, under 5Kg of body weight should be improved by means of more precise preoperative diagnoses, more advanced surgical techniques and more proper postoperative management.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.31-48
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• 2004

Dental caries taking place with milk teeth affects eruption of permanent teeth adversely, and thus, it is very important to prevent dental caries from taking place with a child in maintaining his/her physical, mental and emotional health. In this study as conducted to obtain basic data to be required for development of a program for letting preschool children form a habitual life for oral health and right dietary life, a total 172 children aged 5 years and 6 years were selected from children who lived in Hwasung-si, Kyunggi-do and attended preschools (childrens houses) located there with the consent of their guardians. Then, the weight length index (WLI) and blood components of each child were analyzed, and each relation between the weight length index (WLI) and dental caries of milk teeth and between blood components and dental caries of milk teeth was comparatively examined, and thereby, the following results were obtained. When the dmf rate of each group according to the obesity was examined, it was found to be 87.50% in the under-weight group, 71.20% in the normal weight group and 83.87% in the overweight group. And when the dmft rate of each group was examined, it was found to be 48.43% in the under-weight group, 37.10% in the normal weight group and 47.17% in the overweight group. Also, when the dmft index of each group was examined, it was found to be 3.9 in the under-weight group, 3.0 in the normal weight group and 3.8 in the overweight group. That is to say, the under-weight group and the overweight group having an abnormal weight were found to be higher in all of the dmf rate, the dmft rate and the dmft index than the normal weight group. It could be, therefore, known that normal weight should be maintained in order to prevent dental caries of milk teeth. And, it is thought that a right dietary life habit ensuring intake of balanced nutrients should be formed for maintenance of a normal weight. As a result of examining the relation between nutrient components in blood and dental caries of milk teeth, in the case of children with no dental caries, inorganic nutrient components of blood had a tendency to be a little higher, but no statistical significance was observed therein. Meanwhile, it was found that there was a relation between blood type and the dmft index.