• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.1300-1307
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• 2007

This study assessed the possible role of different traits in selected plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for improving wheat growth and yield under natural conditions. Rhizobacteria exhibiting 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC)-deaminase activity were isolated and screened for their growth-promoting activity in wheat under axenic conditions. Five isolates belonging to Pseudomonas and one Burkholderia caryophylli isolate that showed promising performances under axenic conditions were selected and characterized for in vitro ACC-deaminase activity, chitinase activity, auxin production, P solubilization, and root colonization. These isolates were then used as inocula for wheat cultivated under natural conditions in pot and/or field trials. Significant increases in root elongation, root weight, tillers per pot, 1,000-grain weight, and grain and straw yields were observed in response to inoculation with PGPR in the pot trials. Inoculation with these PGPR was also effective under field conditions and increased the wheat growth and yield significantly. However, the efficacy of the strains was inconsistent under the axenic, pot, and field conditions. Pseudomonas fluorescens ($ACC_{50}$), which exhibited a relatively high in vitro ACC-deaminase activity, chitinase activity, auxin production, and P solubilization and more intensive root colonization, was the most efficient isolate under the field conditions. Therefore, these results demonstrated that ACC-deaminase activity is an efficient parameter for the selection of promising PGPR under axenic conditions. However, additional traits of PGPR, including auxin production, chitinase activity, P solubilization, and root colonization, are also important for selecting PGPR as biofertilizers.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.295-300
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• 2014

This study was carried out to produce more Parasenecio firmus in forest farming. In order to achieve this purpose, it was surveyed the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of P. firmus. Relatively light intensity was controlled by 100%, 60%, 30% and 5% of full sunlight. Height was the highest under 5% of full sunlight. Shoot diameter was the highest in full sunlight. Fresh weight (leaf, stem, root and total) and dry weight (leaf, root and total) were the highest under 30% of full sunlight. S (leaf+stem)/R (root) ratio was the lowest under 30% of full sunlight and the highest under 5% of full sunlight. In leaf characteristics, leaf area, SLA and LAR were getting higher in the lower light level and the highest under 5% of full sunlight ($176.1cm^2$, $420.5cm^2{\cdot}g^{-1}$ and $123.5cm^2{\cdot}g^{-1}$). Especially, leaf area was surveyed higher under 30% of full sunlight in the next. Leaf thickness was getting lower in the lower light level and the lowest under 5% of full sunlight (overall 0.14~0.24 mm). As a result of surveying the whole experiment, P. firmus grows well under 30% and 5% of full sunlight in forest farming.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.16-30
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• 1980

In order to increase the production of ginseng, a cultural experiment was carried out under different types of natural forest condition. Seedlings were transplanted with three spacing (70,90 and plants per 1.62m2) under the broad leaved, needle and mixed forest. The obtained results are as follows. 1 Growth of aerial part of ginseng plant. 1) Vegetative growth under forest condition of very poor as compared with ordinary cultivation, but there was no significant in number of leaf and teasel. 2) Stem diameter and stem length under the different forest types were a little difference. However petiole length and number of leafet showed an increasing trend in broad leaved forest as compared with other forest types. 3) The withering date of aerial part of ginseng plant in the needle forest was later than of others. 2. Fresh weight of ginseng root per plant was decreasing in the order of broad leaved forest, needle and mixed forest, needle and sized forest respectively. However the root weight was much smaller than that of ordinary cultivated one. 3. No big difference was observed in the growth of both aerial and root among the planting density 4. Nitrogen content in ginseng root under forest was lower, but calcium content In root was higher than that of ordinary one. 5. Fat and fiber content of ginseng root under forest showed higher than that of ordinary one. 6. The saponin content of ginseng root grown under forest condition was higher than that of ordinary ginseng root. According to high performance liquid chromatogram of saponin, only difference from ordinary cultivated ginseng root was that ginsenoside Re showed higher peak than ginsenoside Rg1.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.485-492
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify body satisfaction and weight loss experience according to individual's discrepancy between obesity by BMI (body mass index) and self-assessment. Method: The data were obtained by measuring height, weight and using a questionnaire to obtain data on self-assessment of obesity, body satisfaction and weight loss experience. The participants were 286 women college students in J city, Chungbuk. Results: The mean BMI of the women college student was $21.4{\pm}2.93kg/m^2$ which is within the normal range. The concordance rates between obesity by BMI and self-assessment were 54.1%, 39.9%, 61.5%, 78.6% (Kappa=.29) in underweight, normal, overweight, obese students respectively. Forty seven percent of students who were not obese (BMI $<23kg/m^2$) assessed themselves as obese. The mean body satisfaction of college students was very low and 64.3% of the students had a weight loss experience. The students who perceived themselves to be 'obese' even when their BMI was under $23kg/m^2$ reported lower body satisfaction and higher weight loss experience than other students. Conclusion: There were significant discrepancies between obesity by BMI and self-assessment in women college students. The self-assessment of obesity had a greater effect on body satisfaction and weight loss experience than actual BMI in women college students.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.21-27
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this paper is to compare the immediate effects of tensor fascia latae (TFL) stretching with weight bearing (standing position) or non-weight bearing (side-lying position). Methods : The study was conducted on 30 adults (12 men, 18 women) in their 20s. Modified Thomas's test was conducted to find out if the TFL muscle has a tightness for current study. This study randomly divided the subjects into two groups and set the standing stretching group (n=15) or the side-lying stretching group (n=15). Both groups applied self-stretching under the therapist's supervision. TFL stretching in each positions was performed 30 seconds per set, 3 times, and 30 seconds per set could rest. The Ober test were conducted to investigate the effect of TFL stretching in each positions. Results : For the Ober test measurements within each group, both groups significantly increased after intervention compared to before (p<.05). There was no significant difference between the groups (p>.05). Conclusion : TFL stretching in standing position and side-lying position increased the range of motion of the TFL muscle. Therefore, if it is difficult to apply TFL stretching in standing position (weight bearing) due to pain or other reasons, it will be able to TFL stretching in side-lying position (non-weight bearing).

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.275-280
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• 2004

The main objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a model for estimating pigs weight using computer vision for improving the management in Korean swine farms in Korea. This research was carried out in two steps: 1) to find a model that relates the projection area with the weight of a pig; 2) to implement the model in a computer vision system mainly consisted of a monochrome CCD camera, a frame grabber and a computer system for estimating the weight of pigs in a non-contact, real-time manner. The model was developed under an important assumption there were no observable genetic differences among the pigs. The main results were: 1) The relationship between the projection area and the weight of pigs was W = 0.0569 ${\times}$ A - 32.585($R^2$ = 0.953), where W is the weight in kg; A is the projection area of a pig in $\textrm{cm}^2$; 2) The model could estimate the weight of pigs with an error less than 3.5%.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.100-112
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• 2011

This paper studied on a theoretical approach to predict structural performances and weight -reduction rates of hybrid bodyshells in case that the material of underframe structure is substituted. To choose other light-weight materials to be substituted for the original underframe material, compressive, bending and twisting deformations are considered under constant stiffness and strength conditions, which derive some new weight-reduction indices from a structural performance point of view. Next, these weight-reduction indices were verified using the finite element analyses of some simplified examples. It is shown that the derived indices to estimate the weight-reduction can be utilized as a good criterion for material substitution of the underframe at a basic design stage.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 1996

The results of the regression analysis and comparative study between 120 vibration events by dynamite blasting and 68 vibration events by finecker blasting which were monitored in the test blasting are as follows: The ground vibration velocity of dynamite blasting of 0.12 kg charge weight per delay at 7.4 m above the explosive is higher than that of finecker blasting of 0.96 kg charge weight per delay. In the case of 0.12 kg charge weight per delay, the ground vibration velocity of finecker blasting is equal to 5.5% of that of dynamite blasting at the 10 m distance from explosive. The decrement of ground vibration velocity of dynamite blasting of above 0.12 kg charge weight per delay is larger than that of finecker blasting of below 0.96 kg charge weight per delay. The rate of ground vibration velocity of the finecker blasting to that of dynamite blasting decreases with the distance from explosives, but increases with the decrease of charge weight per delay. The increment of ground vibration velocity of finecker blasting is less than that of dynamite blasting with the increase of charge weight per delay at the same distance from explosives. Under the condition of the constant critical ground vibration velocity or use the same charge weight per delay, the blasting working by finecker rather than by dynamite is able to be performed at the nearer place to structures.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.90-96
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• 1991

This experiment was carried out in order to estimate the recovery days of root and stubble to the days after cutting, and contribution of specific stubble weight on the regrowth was examined using the relationships between the dry weight of shoot and yield components, and regrowth parameters by the days after cutting. The varieties examined were Maprima, Manhattan, Tove, Peramo, Caliente, Tempo and P-2 grown under individual plant basis. The results are may be summarized as follows: 1. Dry weight of root and stubble were recovered up to 13.5 and 11 days after cutting, respectively. 2. Dry weight of shoot(regrowth parts+stubble) was affected significantly by the varieties, stages of regrowth and variety x stage of regrowth. 3. The variety with tiller weight type showed higher average productivity of shoot than those of the variety with tiller number type. 4. Absolute growth rate(AGR) of shoot was correlated significantly with regrowth parts, stubble, root and weight of a tiller at the early stage of regrowth(up to 12 days after cutting), and correlated with regrowth parts, stubble, weight of tiller and stubble area at the late stage of regrowth(up to 20 days after cutting). 5. Contribution of specific stubble weight to absolute growth rate of shoot was different between the stages of regrowth. Thus, regrowth parts per specific stubble weight(RP1SSbW) and weight of tiller per specific stubble weight(WT1SSbW) contributed to absolute growth rate of shoot at the early stage of regrowth, and efficiency of specific stubble weight(ESSbW), regrowth parts per specific stubble weight (RPISSbW) and weight of a tiller per specific stubble weight(WT1SSbW) contributed to absolute growth rate of shoot at the late stage of regrowth. 6. Regrowth utilization rate(RUR) was one of the useful regrowth parameter to indicate the regrowth potential of grasses.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.155-166
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• 1995

The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which sociodemographic and health related life-style variables explain body weight distribution and to understand weight contol behavior. To study this study 298 students were selected, it was consisted of obesity group(101) and control group(197). The average age of subjects was 14.2 and the prevalence of obesity was 2-3 per class as 5.6% among 1,793. 71% among same subject was showed higher weight pattern than last one year, ovesity group which was obesity both in 93 and 94 was 34%. Correlation between body weight(under weight/obesity) and independent variables including sociodemographic factor and health- related life style tested through Multiple Classification Analysis was very significant, explained 36% of the total variance. Sociodemografic and hereditary factors such as education level, age of father and physical features of parents, life style factors as exercise preference and perceived health status showed highly contribution to body weight. Concretely, there were showed a higher obesity prevalence tendency when education level and age of father was high, physical features of parents was obesity. In otherwise, there were showed a higher underweight prevalence tendency when education level and age of father was low. Experience rates of weight control was 53% generally, 84% in obesity group, and 11% in underweight group. There were utilized weight control behaviors through diet method mainly in obesity group, diet and exercise methods in underweight group. There were showed that underweight group are prefer exercise to obesity group. Conclusionally, These findings suggest that education, age, physical features of parents, exercise preference and perceived health status is important factors related to body weight among middle school girls. Therefore, there will be considered as valuable factors when we practice health education and consultation related to body weight. Furthermore it is necessary to provide of various informations about weight control and to develop systematic weight control program.