• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.11-17
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• 2013

For the safe handling of n-undecane, the lower flash points and the upper flash point, fire point, AITs (auto-ignition temperatures) by ignition delay time were experimented. Also lower and upper explosion limits by using measured the lower and upper flash points for n-undecane were calculated. The lower flash points of n-undecane by using closed-cup tester were measured $59^{\circ}C$ and $67^{\circ}C$. The lower flash points of n-undecane by using open cup tester were measured $67^{\circ}C$ and $72^{\circ}C$, respectively. The fire point of n-undecane by using Cleveland open cup tester was measured $74^{\circ}C$. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659 apparatus for n-undecane. The experimental AIT of n-undecane was $198^{\circ}C$. The estimated lower and upper explosion limit by using measured lower flash point $59^{\circ}C$ and upper flash point $83^{\circ}C$ for n-undecane were 0.65 Vol.% and 2.12 Vol.%.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.727-735
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• 2002

Proton coupled carbon-13 relaxation experiment was performed to investigate the effect of vicinal protons on spin-lattice relaxation of methylene carbon-13 in n-undecane. A BIRD type pulse sequence was employed as a way to check the validity of describing the 13CH2 moiety as an isolated AX2 spin system. The results show that the presence of vicinal protons exerts substantial influence on the relaxation of methylene carbon-13, indicating that it is not a very good approximation to treat a methylene moiety as an isolated AX2 spin system.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2008

The equilibrium solubilization capacity of the mixture of hydrocarbon oils by $C_{12}E_8$ nonionic surfactant micellar solution was measured at $23^{\circ}C$ by gas chromatography (GC) analysis. Experimental results indicated that the solubilization capacity for pure alkanes was found to decrease almost linearly with the alkane carbon number (ACN) of the hydrocarbon oil. For the binary mixture systems of the hydrocarbon oils both selective and nonselective solubilization behaviors were observed depending on the difference in ACN of the two hydrocarbon oils. Equilibrium solubilization tests for the hydrocarbon oil mixtures in $C_{12}E_8$ surfactant solutions such as the three n-octane/n-nonane, n-nonane/n-decane and n-decane/n-undecane mixture systems suggest almost non-selective solubilization. On the other hand, the n-octane/n-decane and n-octane/n-undecane systems, where difference in ACN of the two hydrocarbon oils is greater than 1, selective solubilization in favor of n-octane was conclusively demonstrated.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.24-31
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• 2004

A cold mix asphalt (CMA) treatment process was proposed as a tool to recycle soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. Experimental studies were conducted to characterize performances of the CMA process in treating soils contaminated with diesel or diesel compounds. From the screening experiments, it was found that performances of five types of asphalt emulsions that contained a cationic or an anionic or a nonionic surfactant were not substantially different. In consideration of higher affinity for soils and higher sorption coefficients obtained, an emulsion containing Lauryl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (LDBAC) was selected as a promising asphalt emulsion for treating diesel-contaminated soils. When the asphalt emulsion LDBAC was applied to treat three compounds that originated from diesel, the removal efficiencies obtained in the order of decreasing efficiencies were as follows: docosane > pentadecane > undecane. Leaching experiments on the specimen formulated by the emulsion LDBAC found that the selected treatment method could treat soils with diesel concentrations as high as 10,000 mg/kg. Leaching of the diesel from the specimen was controlled by diffusion for the first four days and then leaching rate diminished substantially. The latter behavior was characterized as depletion, which represents that the contaminant released amounts to more than $50\%$ of the total amount of the contaminant that can be leached. The amounts of three diesel compounds leached from the specimen in the order of decreasing amount were undecane, pentadecane, and docosane. The curing of the soil contaminated with pentadecane was relatively slow.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.98-101
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• 1987

A new spiro-ortho carbonate containing bulky side group, 3,9-di-(9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracenyl)-1,5,7,11-tetraoxaspiro-5,5-undecane 4 was prepared and polymerized with BF3${\cdot}$etherate as initiator. Densities of monomer and polymer were measured using dilatometer and it was demonstrated that the bicyclic monomer 4 underwent expansion on polymerization.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2009

In this study, solubilization experiments of n-decane, n-undecane and n-dodecane oil were performed by micellar solutions of polymeric nonionic surfactant Pluronic L64($EO_{13}PO_{30}EO_{13}$) at room temperature. A single spherical drop of hydrocarbon oil was injected into aqueous surfactant solution using an oil drop contacting technique and solubilization rate of hydrocarbon oil was measured by observing the size of oil drop with time. It was shown that solubilization rate decreased with the alkane carbon number(ACN) of the hydrocarbon oil. The solubilization rate was also found to be independent of initial oil dorp size and almost linearly proportional to the initial surfactant concentration. These results revealed that solubilization of n-decane, n-undecane and n-dodecane oils by L64 micellar solution is controlled by interface-controlled mechanism but not by diffusion-controlled mechanism. The equilibrium solubilization capacity(ESC) was measured by a turbidimeter and the result showed that EAC decreased with an increase in ACN but increased with both increases in surfactant concentration and solubilization rate. Dynamic interfacial tension measurements showed that interfacial tension and equilibrium time increased with an increase in ACN of hydrocarbon oil but decreased with an increase in surfactant concentration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society Conference
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• 1999.02a
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• pp.9-9
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• 1999

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.100-107
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• 1994

A new Nl-pentenyl derivative of pyrimidines has been synthesized by an intramolecular (2+2) photocycloaddition and characterized by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The compound crystallizes in the rhombohedral system (R3, a=27.767(5)A c=6.390(2)A). In this structure, two 6-membered rings and a 4-membered ring are fused by the N-N or N-C bonds and the Tyidin Part adouts chair conformation. A pair of molecules related by an inversion center we held together through the hydrogen bonding interactions between N and O atoms of the uracil miety.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.303-308
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• 2000

The character-istics of the volatile flavor components of traditional Korean Nuruk produced by Aspergillus oryze NR 3-6 and Penicillium expansum NR 7-7 were investigated. Volatile flavor of Nuruk was identified twenty-one components by gas chromatography-mass spectronmeter. Major flavor components were alkanes such as tridecan, tetradecan, penta-decane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecan, undecane, and dodecane.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.64-72
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• 2014

Flammable liquids residues in fire debris and pyrolysis products of flammable materials were analyzed by using Gas detecting tube, Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometers (GC/MS), and Pyrolyzer. Comparison studies between chemical components detected in debris fired with and without Flammable liquids were performed. Though Flammable liquids were not present in debris, Gas detecting tube colors were also changed. Chemical components produced from conventional combustions were different from those produced from pyrolysis. Due to the difference of the reaction conditions between combustions and pyrolysis, different chemical products were produced. Petrochemical products of PVC wood-linoleum block could produce ignitable chemicals, such as toluene, ethylbenzene, undecane, and dodecane. So, for better fire investigation more consideration of those chemicals will be porformed.