• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.183-203
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• 2012

This paper investigates how small-medium firms deploy organizational culture, job stability and environmental uncertainty for technological innovation(product and process innovation). This paper suggests that organizational culture has significant effects on technological innovation, that job stability and environmental uncertainty moderate relationship between organizational culture and technological innovation. To test the hypotheses, data were collected from small-medium firms. The survey data of 258 firms were collected and integrated as the empirical base for testing the hypotheses. Major results are as follows: Firstly, when organizational culture as well as control variables are considered, organizational culture had significant and positive effects on product innovation. This result implies that organizational culture is an important means by which small-medium firms can promote innovation. Secondly, the interaction between organizational culture and job stability had a positive and significant effects on product innovation. Thirdly, the interaction between organizational culture and environmental uncertainty had a positive and significant effects on product innovation and process innovation. This paper suggests implications and several future researches need to overcome the limitations of this paper.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.625-638
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• 2014

In this study, the uncertainties in the critical flow functions (CFFs) calculated by the AGA8-dc equation of state were estimated. To this end, the formulas for enthalpy, entropy, and speed of sound, which are used in calculating the CFF, were expressed in the form of dimensionless Helmholtz free energy and its derivatives, and the uncertainty in Helmholtz free energy was inferred. To consider the variations in the compressibility-dependent variables induced by the variation (i.e., uncertainty) in compressibility, the form of the AGA8-dc equation was modified to have a deviation equal to the uncertainty under each flow condition. For each independent uncertainty component of the CFF, a model for uncertainty contribution was developed. All these changes were applied to GASSOLVER, which is KOGAS's thermodynamic database. As a result, the uncertainties in the CFF were estimated to be 0.025, 0.055, and 0.112 % at 10, 50, and 100 bar, respectively, and are seen to increase with the increase in pressure. Furthermore, these results could explain the deviations in the CFFs across the different labs in which the CFF international comparison test was conducted under the ISO management in 1999.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.208-208
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• 2022

Recently, the frequency of abnormal weather due to complex factors such as global warming is increasing frequently. From the past rainfall patterns, it is evident that climate change is causing irregular rainfall patterns. This phenomenon causes difficulty in predicting rainfall and makes it difficult to prevent and cope with natural disasters, casuing human and property damages. Therefore, accurate rainfall estimation and rainfall occurrence time prediction could be one of the ways to prevent and mitigate damage caused by flood and drought disasters. However, rainfall prediction has a lot of uncertainty, so it is necessary to understand and reduce this uncertainty. In addition, when accurate rainfall prediction is applied to the rainfall-runoff model, the accuracy of the runoff prediction can be improved. In this regard, this study aims to increase the reliability of rainfall prediction by analyzing the uncertainty of the Korean rainfall ensemble prediction data and the outflow analysis model using the Limited Area ENsemble (LENS) and the Grid based Rainfall-runoff Model (GRM) models. First, the possibility of improving rainfall prediction ability is reviewed using the QM (Quantile Mapping) technique among the bias correction techniques. Then, the GRM parameter calibration was performed twice, and the likelihood-parameter applicability evaluation and uncertainty analysis were performed using R², NSE, PBIAS, and Log-normal. The rainfall prediction data were applied to the rainfall-runoff model and evaluated before and after calibration. It is expected that more reliable flood prediction will be possible by reducing uncertainty in rainfall ensemble data when applying to the runoff model in selecting behavioral models for user uncertainty analysis. Also, it can be used as a basis of flood prediction research by integrating other parameters such as geological characteristics and rainfall events.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.09b
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• pp.1247-1248
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• 2005

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.35-41
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• 2013

Data management with fuzzy entropy and similarity measure were discussed and verified by applying reliable data selection problem. Calculation of certainty or uncertainty for data, fuzzy entropy and similarity measure are designed and proved. Proposed fuzzy entropy and similarity are considered as dissimilarity measure and similarity measure, and the relation between two measures are explained through graphical illustration.Obtained measures are useful to the application of decision theory and mutual information analysis problem. Extension of data quantification results based on the proposed measures are applicable to the decision making and fuzzy game theory.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 2010

Verification of efficiency in data management fuzzy entropy and similarity measure were discussed and verified by applying reliable data selection problem and numerical data similarity evaluation. In order to calculate the certainty or uncertainty fuzzy entropy and similarity measure are designed and proved. Designed fuzzy entropy and similarity are considered as dissimilarity measure and similarity measure, and the relation between two measures are explained through graphical illustration. Obtained measures are useful to the application of decision theory and mutual information analysis problem. Extension of data quantification results based on the proposed measures are applicable to the decision making and fuzzy game theory.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.563-572
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• 2007

Transportation infrastructure is critical to economic growth of a country such as China. Careful evaluation of investments in traffic infrastructure projects is therefore pertinent. As traditional evaluation methods do not consider the uncertainty of future cash flows and mobility during project execution, the real option approach is gradually gaining recognition in the context of valuing construction and infrastructure projects. However, many of the cases only evaluate individual options separately although multiple options often exist in a typical large infrastructure project. Using a highway project in China as a case study, this paper first evaluates a deferment option and a growth option embedded in the project. Subsequently, the values are combined using the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process. It is found that the combined value is less than the sum of the two option values. This finding is consistent with the theoretical observations given in past real option literature despite the use of a different approach.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.699-712
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• 2000

Juam lake is a major water resource for the industrial and agricultural activities as well as the resident life of Kwangju and Chonnam regions. However, the water quality of the lake is getting worse due to a large quantity of pollutant inflowing to the lake. Thus, the strategy for achieving the water quality goal of the lake should be developed as soon as possible. When there are various alternatives that can be used as the strategy, several criteria based on the achievement degree of water quality goal, the applicability of technique and social environment, and the reasonableness of the cost required are made to evaluate and rank the alternatives. However, it is difficult to make a decision when there are multiple criteria and conflicting objectives and specifically the estimated values of criteria contain elements of uncertainty. The uncertainty stems from the lack of available information, the randomness of future situation, and the incomplete knowledge of expert. As the degree of uncertainty is higher, the decision becomes more difficult. In this study, a fuzzy decision-making method is presented to assist decision makers in evaluating various alternatives under uncertainty. The method allows decision makers to characterize the associated uncertainty by applying fuzzy theory and incorporate the uncertainty directly into the decision making process for selecting the "best" alternative so decisions can be made that are more appropriate and realistic than those made without taking uncertainty in account.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.143-153
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• 2017

Purpose: Purpose of the study was to identify the effect of the Comprehensive Education Program (CEP) on intra-procedure anxiety, post-procedure uncertainty and athletic performance of back strengthening of patients undergo spinal nerve block (SNB). Methods: The participants (experimental group=33, control group=33) were recruited from a university hospital in G metropolitan city. Data were collected from July to November 2015. The experimental group was individually provided with a booklet/motion picture about the SNB and back strengthening exercise training before the SNB. This group also received a leaflet about back strengthening exercise post SNB. The Anxiety-Visual Analog Scale (A-VAS), the Mishel adapted uncertainty scale and newly created knowledge scale/athletic performance checklist were utilized as our study tools. Results: Intra-procedure anxiety score (F=25.70, p<.001), post-procedure uncertainty score (F=82.56, p<.001), post-procedure knowledge score (F=14.63, p<.001) and athletic performance rate of back strengthening (p=.003) of the experimental group showed statistically significant differences in comparison with the control group. Conclusion: This CEP is a cost and time-effective intervention for patients who undergo spinal injections, so it should be actively utilized as an educational management strategy in outpatient.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.185-202
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• 2000

Uncertainty and variability in Life Cycle Assessment(LCA) have been significant key issues in LCA methodology with techniques in other research area such as social and political science. Variability is understood as stemming from inherent variations in the real world, while uncertainty comes from inaccurate measurements, lack of data, model assumptions, etc. Related articles in this issues were reviewed for classification, distinguish and elaboration of probabilistic/stochastic health risk analysis application in LCA. Concept of focal zone, streamlining technique, scenario modelling and Monte Carlo/Latin Hypercube risk analysis were applied to the uncertainty/variability analysis of health risk in LCA. These results show that this general framework of multi-disciplinary methodology between probabilistic health risk assessment and LCA was of benefit to decision making process by suppling information about input/output data sensitivity, health effect priority and health risk distribution. There should be further research needs for case study using this methodology.