• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.253-263
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• 2015

Ultra-high strength concrete which have 100 MPa compressive strength or higher can be developed applying RPC(Reactive Powder Concrete). Preventing brittle failure under compression and tension, ultra-high strength concrete usually use the steel fibers as reinforcements. For the effective use of steel fiber reinforced ultra-high strength concrete, estimation of tensile strength is very important. However, there are insufficient research results are available with no relation between them. Therefore, in this study, correlation between compressive strength and tensile strength of ultra-high strength concrete was investigated by test and statistical analysis. According to test results, increasing tendency of tensile strength was also shown in the range of ultra-high strength. Evaluation of test results of this study and collected test results were carried out. Using 284 splitting test specimens and 265 flexural test specimens, equations suggested by previous researchers cannot be applied to ultra-high strength concrete. Therefore, using database and test results, regression analysis was carried out and we suggested new equation for splitting and flexural tensile strength of steel fiber reinforced ultra-high strength concrete.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.113-120
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• 2010

Ultra-High Strength Concrete (UHSC) demands a clear presentation of its mechanical properties, as distinct from normal strength concrete, and an evaluation of the serviceability of high-rise buildings that use ultra-high strength concrete. Ultra-high strength concrete fck=150MPa was manufactured with pre-mix cement, and an experimental study was conducted to evaluate the mixing properties and compressive strength, with the major variables being unit cement contents, water-binder ratio, and type of pre-mix cement. The test result showed that 150MPa concrete requires about 6~7 minutes of mixing time until each of the materials (ordinary Portland cement, silica fume, blast-furnace slag powder and anhydrite) are sufficiently revitalized. The slump flow of fresh concrete was shown to be about 700~800mm with the proper viscosity. The average value of concrete compressive strength was shown to be about 70% in 7 days, 85% in 14 days, and 95% in 28 days, for 56 days of concrete material age.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.381-392
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• 2023

This research scrutinizes the mechanical characteristics of ultra-high strength concrete using oxide graphene nanoplatelet(GO) and hollow glass powder(HGP). The investigation covered various mechanical attributes, including workability, compression strength, tensile strength, water resistance, and the internal microstructure of standard concrete. Our findings reveal that workability experiences a significant improvement with the incorporation of a minimal amount of HGP, and an increase was also observed in tensile strength and water resistance. It was confirmed that cGO(C company GO) and HGP demonstrated commendable dispersion and the pore volume exhibited a reduction of more than 20%. The potential of cGO and HGP to substitute silica fume(SF) was also explored. Consequently, it was found that both workability and mechanical properties were enhanced in the absence of SF when cGO and HGP were used. This finding implies that the utilization of these novel materials could potentially modify conventional methods of concrete manufacturing.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.481-492
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• 2017

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of quartz powder (Qp), quartz sand (Qs), and different water curing temperature on mechanical properties including 7, 14, 28-day compressive strength and 28-day splitting tensile strength of Ultra High Performance Concrete and also finding the correlation between these variables on mechanical properties of UHPC. The response surface methodology was monitored to show the influences of variables and their interactions on mechanical properties of UHPC, then, mathematical models in terms of coded variables were established by ANOVA. The offered models are valid for the variables between: quartz powder 0 to 20% of cement substitution by cement weight, quartz sand 0 to 50% of aggregate substitution by crushed limestone weight, and water curing temperature 25 to $95^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.25-28
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• 2007

In this study we measured the changes according to time respectively on the basis of 0, 30, 60 and 90 minutes, taking into consideration the decline in fluidity of concrete according to elapsed time to analyze manufacturing capability of batcher plant according to elapsed time of ready-mixed concrete manufactured in batcher plant, and offer basic data for mixture design of ultra-high strength concrete. The proportion of water-binder was 23.55, water content was 160kg/m3, proportion of replacement of crushed sand was 0, 20 and 40% at 3 level, and we applied to the same condition of triaxial component using blast furnace slag powder and silica fume as admixture. And to meet the demand of certain fluidity, we measured respectively on property before and after hardening of ultra-high strength concrete using superplasticizer. As a result of experiment, before hardening of ultra-high strength concrete showed the best fluidity in conditions of crushed sand replacement rates of 20% and superplasticizer composition of 1.95%, but it appeared that fluidity drops as time goes by in the same composition condition. And it appeared that when it comes to hardened, the changes of compression strength according to elapsed time by crushed sand replacement rates were within 1MPa. Therefore, it turned out that the difference of strength according to elapsed time was low and compression strength of 280dys in composition mentioned above appeared highly as 88MPa.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.167-179
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• 2018

Reactive powder concrete (RPC) is a type of ultra-high strength cement-based material with a dense microstructure, which is made of ultra-fine powders. RPC demonstrate a very brittle behavior, thus adding fibers improves its mechanical properties. In this study, it was attempted to investigate the effect of using steel and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers as well as their combination on the properties of RPC. In this regard, hooked-end crimped steel fibers together with short PVA fibers were utilized. Steel and PVA fibers were used with the maximum volume fraction of 3% and 0.75%, respectively, and also different combinations of these fibers were used with the maximum volume fraction of 1% in the concrete mixes. In total, 107 concrete specimens were prepared, and the effect of fiber type and volume fraction on the physico-mechanical properties of RPC including compressive strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, density, and failure mode was explored. In addition, the effect of the curing type on the properties of compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and density of RPC was evaluated. Finally, coefficients for conversion of cubic compressive strength to cylindrical one for the RPC specimens were obtained under the two curing regimes of heat treatment and standard water curing.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.17 no.1 s.85
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• pp.35-41
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• 2005

Recently, various fiber reinforced cementitious composites are used in order to solve problems of concrete as the brittleness breaking. Especially, in U.S.A., Europe, and Japan, ultra-high strength steel fiber reinforced cementitious composites(ultra-high strength SFRCC) with compressive strength in excess of 100 MPa were developed. However few studies have been investigated on the high-strength SFRCC in Korea. Therefore, in this paper, to make ultra-high strength SFRCC with the range of compressive strength 180MPa, it was investigated the constitute factors of ultra-high strength SFRCC influenced on the compressive strength. The experimental variables were water-binder ratio, replacement of silica fume, size and proportion of sand, type and replacement of filling powder, and using of steel fiber in ultra-high strength SFRCC. As a result, in water-binder ratio 0.20, we could make ultra-high strength SFRCC with compressive strength of 180MPa through using of silica fume, quartz sand with below 0.5mm filling powder and steel fiber.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.77 no.1
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• pp.103-114
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• 2021

Ultra high strength concrete (UHSC) originally proposed by Richards and Cheyrezy (1995) composed of cement, silica fume, quartz sand, quartz powder, steel fibers, superplasticizer etc. Later, other ingredients such as fly ash, GGBS, metakaoline, copper slag, fine aggregate of different sizes have been added to original UHSC. In the present investigation, the combined effect of coarse aggregate (6mm - 10mm) and steel fibers (0.50%, 1.0% and 1.5%) has been studied on UHSC mixes to evaluate mechanical and fracture properties. Compressive strength, split tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were determined for the three UHSC mixes. Size dependent fracture energy was evaluated by using RILEM work of fracture and size independent fracture energy was evaluated by using (i) RILEM work of fracture with tail correction to load - deflection plot (ii) boundary effect method. The constitutive relationship between the residual stress carrying capacity (σ) and the corresponding crack opening (w) has been constructed in an inverse manner based on the concept of a non-linear hinge from the load-crack mouth opening plots of notched three-point bend beams. It was found that (i) the size independent fracture energy obtained by using above two approaches yielded similar value and (ii) tensile stress increases with the increase of % of fibers. These two fracture properties will be very much useful for the analysis of cracked concrete structural components.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.57-60
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• 2005

The objective of this paper is to investigate and analyze the behaviour of prestressed I section structural members constructed with ultra high perfomance steel fiber reinforced cementitious concrete (SFR-UHPC). This material is known as reactive powder concrete (RPC) mixed with domestic materials and its compressive strength is over 150MP. The parameters of test specimens were span to depth ratio, prestressing force, prestressing wire placement and web width. Most influential parameter to determine the failure mode between shear and flexural action was proved to be shear span ratio. The characteristics of ultra high-strength concrete is basically brittle, but due to the steel fiber reinforcement behaviour of this structure member became ductile after the peak load. As a result of the test, the stress block of compressive zone should be redefined. The proposed analytical calculation of internal force capacity based by plastic analysis gave a good prediction for the shear and flexural strength of specimens. The numerical verification of the finite element model which constitutive law developed for Mode I fracture of fiber reinforced concrete correctly captured the overall behaviour of the specimens tested.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.649-666
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• 2023

In the current scenario, conventional concrete faces a substantial challenge in the modern era of the construction industry. Today's structures are massive, featuring innovative designs and strict time constraints. Conventional concrete does not provide the required compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, toughness, and cracking resistance. As a result, most of engineers and professionals prefer to use ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC), based on its wide advantages. Several advantages like mechanical and durability properties of UHPC provides dominant properties than the traditional concrete. Mix proportions of UHPC consists of higher powder content which provides maximum hydration and pozzolanic reaction, thereby contributing to the enhancement of the UHPC properties. Apart from that the nanomaterials provides the filler behavior, which will further improve the density. Enhanced density and mechanical properties lead to improved durability properties against water absorption and other typical chemicals. Nanomaterials are the most adopted materials for various applications, ranging in size from 0.1 nanometers to 100 nanometers. This article explores the effects of nanomaterial application in UHPC as a replacement for cementitious material or as an additive in the UHPC mix. The physical and durability properties modifications and improvements of UHPC, as well as negative effects, limitations, and shortcomings, are also analyzed.