• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.125-132
• /
• 2007

Introduction: Ulna is nearly equal to radius in function and bony architecture and strength in forearm. But in lower extremity, fibula is 1/5 of tibia in anatomic and functional point so we can find fibula transposition is commonly used in defect of tibia. We cannot find other article about segmental forearm bone transposition in man. The purpose of this study was to report our clinical and functional result of undergoing segmented transposition of ipsilateral ulna with its own vascular supply in defect of radius in 6 cases. Material and method: From June 1994 to October 2007, 7 segmented bone transpositional grafts in forearm were performed in Kyung Hee Medical Center. The distribution of age was from 20 years old to 73 years old. There was male in 6 cases and female in 1 case. The causes of operation were giant cell tumor in 1 case and traumatic origin in 6 cases; it was nonunion in 2 cases and fracture with severe comminution in 4 cases. Ipsilaterally segmented ulna keeping its own vascular supply was transported to defect of radius in severe traumatic patients and one patient whose tumor in radius had been excised. Transported ulna was fixed to proximal and distal radius remnants by plate and screw. In one case with giant cell tumor, transported ulna was connected to radius across wrist joint as wrist joint fusion. Joint preserving procedures were performed in 6 cases with crushing injury of radius. Results: We could obtain solid bony union in all cases and good functional results. The disadvantage was relative shortening of forearm, but we could overcome this problem. Conclusion: We think that ipsilateral segmented ulna transposition keeping its own vascular supply to radius can be perfomed with one of procedures in cases with wide defect in radius.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제21권12호
• /
• pp.1407-1416
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to train a model for the ulna and radius bone segmentation based on Convolutional Neural Networks and to verify the segmentation model. The data consisted of 840 training data, 210 tuning data, and 200 verification data. The learning model for the ulna and radius bone bwas based on U-Net (19 convolutional and 8 maximum pooling) and trained with 8 batch sizes, 0.0001 learning rate, and 200 epochs. As a result, the average sensitivity of the training data was 0.998, the specificity was 0.972, the accuracy was 0.979, and the Dice's similarity coefficient was 0.968. In the validation data, the average sensitivity was 0.961, specificity was 0.978, accuracy was 0.972, and Dice's similarity coefficient was 0.961. The performance of deep convolutional neural network based models for the segmentation was good for ulna and radius bone.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.84-90
• /
• 2021

Vascularized bone grafts (VBGs) are widely employed to reconstruct upper extremity bone defects. Conventional bone grafting is generally used to treat defects smaller than 5-6 cm, when tissue vascularization is adequate and there is no infection risk. Vascularized fibular grafts (VFGs) are mainly used in the humerus, radius or ulna in cases of persistent non-union where traditional bone grafting has failed or for bone defects larger than 6 cm. Furthermore, VFGs are considered to be the standard treatment for large bone defects located in the radius, ulna and humerus and enable the reconstruction of soft-tissue loss, as VFGs can be harvested as osteocutaneous flaps. VBGs enable one-stage surgical reconstruction and are highly infection-resistant because of their autonomous vascularization. A vascularized medial femoral condyle (VFMC) free flap can be used to treat small defects and non-unions in the upper extremity. Relative contraindications to these procedures are diabetes, immunosuppression, chronic infections, alcohol, tobacco, drug abuse and obesity. The aim of our study was to illustrate the use of VFGs to treat large post-traumatic bone defects and osteomyelitis located in the upper extremity. Moreover, the use of VFMC autografts is presented.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제54권3호
• /
• pp.179-184
• /
• 2014

This study investigated the anatomy of the nutrient foramen (NF) in German Shepherds by recording the number, site, position, and direction of penetration of the nutrient canal (NC) in the humerus, radius, and ulna of 50 individuals. The site index of the nutrient foramen (SI) was calculated as the ratio of the length to the NF site from the proximal end to the greatest length of the bone. The NF diameter was measured using different sized needles. Most humeri had only one NF on the caudal surface, particularly on the lateral supracondylar crest, or distal cranial surface. All radii had one NF, usually on the caudal surface, while most ulnae had one NF located on either the cranial or lateral surfaces. The SI and NF diameters were 58.0~59.5% and 0.73~0.78 mm in the humerus, 30.4~30.9% and 0.74~0.76 mm in the radius, and 29.3~29.8% and 0.67~0.68 mm in the ulna, respectively. With the exception of the relatively proximal NF of the radius, the direction of penetration followed Berard's rule. This study provides novel information on the location and diameter of the NF and direction of the NC in the long bones of the pectoral limb of German Shepherds.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.47-49
• /
• 2017

Fracture stabilization techniques continue to evolve and provide approaches that minimize the iatrogenic trauma associated with surgical procedures. Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) is a recently described method of biological internal fixation performed by introducing a bone plate via small insertional incisions that are remote to the fracture site. Indirect reduction techniques can generally be utilized when performing MIPO. In this case report, we describe MIPO of a radius-ulna fracture by indirect reduction using circular external fixation for alignment and distraction in a dog.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.167-183
• /
• 1987

The anatomical structure of the Skeleton of thoracic limb of thirty-one adult Korean native goats(body weight: 14~17kg) was observed after skeletal preparation, and the osteometry was performed in each bone. The results were as follows; 1. The thoracic limb of the Korean native goat was composed of scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpal bones, metacarpal bones, phalanges and sesamoid bones. 2. The scapula was flat and triangular in shape. There were no distinct tuber of spine and acromion in the spine. The subscapular fossa was deep and triangular in shape and the vertebral border was sigmoid form. The coracoid bone was formed as the coracoid process at the medial aspect of the supraglenoid tubercle but the clavicle wa.s not observed. The left and right scapular indexes were 57.92 and 58.31 and the glenoid cavity indexes were 89.23 and 86.82, respectively. 3. The greater tubercle of the humerus was devided into cranial and caudal parts. The third tubercle was observed and the face for the infraspinatus muscle was rectangular form. The left and right humerus indexes were 32.44 and 32.63, the head indexes were 94.13, 96.62 and the trochlear-epidondyle indexes were 67.32 and 65.81, respectively. 4. The radius and ulna were fused entirely except at the broad proximal and narrow distal interosseous spaces. The ulna was longer than the radius, and its reduced body and distal end were fused at the caudomedial surface of the radius. 5. The carpal bones were six in number. There were radial, intermediate, ulnar, accessory, second-third and fourth carpal hones in carpal bones. 6. The metacarpal bone was composed of a large metacarpal bone resulted from the fusion of the third and fourth metacarpal bones, and there was a metacarpal tubercle at the dorsolateral part of the proximal end. There were no vestiges of the second and fifth metacarpal bones. 7. The digits were composed of third and fourth digits and each digit was composed of the proximal, middle and distal phalanges. 8. The sesamoid bones were six in number. There were two at the fetlock joint and one at the coffine joint palmarly in each digit. 9. The ratios of the lengths among the scapula, humerus, antebrachium and metacarpal bone were 1.42 : 1.47 : 1.77 : 1.00 in the left and 1.42 : 1.45 : 1.77 : 1.00 in the right, respectively.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제83권5호
• /
• pp.681-692
• /
• 2022

The vibrational response of the two bones in a Volleyball player's arm under ball impact is conducted. The two bones in hand, Ulna and Radius, are modeled as two cylindrical shells. The formulations associated with the shells' vibration are obtained using the energy method. Then, the results are extracted with the aid of the two-dimensional form of DQM in conjunction with Runge-Kutta. The results are validated by means of a published paper. Lastly, the role of parameters in determining vibrational frequency as well as deflection is explored through parametric studies. It was shown that the impactor speed and the time of the impact could be essential factors in determining the vibration behavior of the bones. This work can be used in the further investigation of the behavior of bones and physiological structures.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.60-64
• /
• 2005

체중 23kg, 나이 6세된 수캐 잡종 사냥개가 왼쪽 주관절에 총상을 입어 전북대학교 수의과대학 동물병원에 내원하였다. 방사선 사진에서 요골 척골 근위부에 복잡골절과 주관절 돌기 후방에 금속성 탄환이 발견되었다. 첫 번째 외과처치는 탄환을 제거하고 bone plate, bone screw, K-wire등을 이용하여 정복 고정하였으나 실패하였다. 두 번째 시도는 주관철 고정술과 13번째 늑골로부터 얻은 자가골을 이용하여 결손부를 충진 하였다. 결과가 만족스럽지 못하여 자가골 재이식과 3번째 수술을 실시하여 주관절의 안정된 고정상태를 유지 할 수 있었다. 60주가 지난 현재 평상시 활동에는 커다란 문제점이 없지만 속보 혹은 뛰는 경우 관절 고정술을 실시한 다리를 들고 세 다리만 사용하는 아쉬움이 있다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.222-227
• /
• 1998

This survey was based on the data of one hundred four dogs with 108 case,T of fracture admitted to the veterinary teaching hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University and 24 private small animal hospitals from January, 1995 to Decemberi 1996. The results were analyzed as following criteria; the distribution of fractures causes of fractured age and sexual distributions month of the most frequencel total body weights presence of communicating external wound, extent of damaged direction of fracture line, location of fracture liner fracture managements fixations methods, fixations methods according to location of fracture. The results of survey were as follow: 1. Main distribution of fracture; radius . ulna (23.1%).2. Causes of fracture; road toraffic accident (39.4 T,). 3. Age; over 24 months (27.9%). 4. Sex; male (53.89)), female (46.2%). 5. Month of the most frequence; July (14.4%) 6. Total body weight: 2-5 kg (45.27)). 7. Presence of communicating external wound; closed fracture (94.2%). 8. Extent of damage; complete fracture (92.6%). 9. Direction of fracture line: comminuted fracture (27.8 To). 10. Location of fracture line; diaphysis (62.0%). 11. Fracture management; open reduction (58.3% ). 12. Fixation methods; not treat (22.2%). 13. Fixation methods according to location of fracture; radius ulna-Kirschner wire fixation (45.5%), femur. shaft-intramedullary pinning (71.4%), pelvis-bone plate (53.3%), metacarpus-not treat, Kirschner wire fixation (each 30.8%).

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.412-415
• /
• 2012

1년령의 중성화된 수컷 요크셔테리어와 7년령의 암컷 푸들이 골절의 지연유합으로 내원하였다. 요크셔테리어의 경우 오른쪽 요골과 척골의 원위부가 골절되었고, 푸들의 경우 왼쪽 경골과 비골의 원위부가 골절되었다. 두 환자에서 신체검사 및 방사선검사를 통해 골절의 유합이 지연되고 있음을 확인하였다. 골절부는 금속판 및 나사못으로 고정시키고 자가해면질골을 골절 틈새에 이식하였다. 또한 빠른 골유합을 위해 $20{\mu}g$의 rh-BMP 2 가 포함된 matrigel을 골절부에 주입하였다. 수술 후 방사선검사를 통해 골절부의 치유 상태를 확인하였다. 장기간의 방사선검사에서 두 마리 모두 빠른 골유합을 보였다. 첫 증례에서는 방사선사진상에서 2주째에 요골과 척골 골절 틈새에 골밀도가 증가하였다. 20주째에는 골절선이 더 이상 관찰되지 않았으며, 정상 외관을 회복하였다. 두 번째 증례에서는 방사선사진상에서 11주째에 골절 치유가 진행되고 있음이 확인되었다. 이 두 증례 모두 예상한 것보다 골절의 치유가 빠르게 일어났다. 따라서 rh-BMP 2와 matrigel은 지연유합된 골절의 치유를 촉진하는데 효과가 있다고 생각된다.