• Title/Summary/Keyword: u-Service model

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Proposed model to control web server using HAProxy (HAProxy를 이용한 웹 서버 제어 모델 제안)

  • Seong-Ik Kim;Seong-Hyun Park;Ju-Yong Hong;Chang-Bae Ko
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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    • 2023.07a
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    • pp.89-90
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    • 2023
  • 본 논문에서는 HAProxy를 이용하여 웹 서버를 제어하는 모델을 제안한다. 인터넷이 다양한 분야로 확대됨과 다양한 디바이스의 활용으로 이용자 및 이용 시간, 이용 빈도가 증가하고 있다. 서버를 운영하는 과정에서 서비스 중간에 서버를 제외하고 투입해야 하는 상황들이 발생하고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 DNS에서 서버 IP를 투입 및 제외를 통해 이뤄지고 있는데, DNS 서버를 직접 운영하고 있지 않을 경우 처리시간이 증가한다는 불편한 점을 DNS 서버와 웹 서버 사이에 HAProxy 서버를 추가하여 웹 서비스 운영을 유연하게 처리하여 장애 등의 상황에서 빠르게 대처하여 웹 서비스를 사용하는 사용자의 불편함을 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대할 수 있다.

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Design of Object-Active-Knowledge(OAK) Model for Postal Business (객체-능동-지식 기반 우편 업무 모델 설계)

  • Lee, Jae-Ho;Sin, Pan-Seop;Im, Hae-Cheol;Hwang, Jae-Gak;U, Dong-Jin;Kim, Hye-Gyu
    • The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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    • v.4 no.8
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    • pp.1907-1920
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    • 1997
  • In this paper, we present integrated model of postal business that would be newly organized. The integrated model is developed through four phase. First, postal business is analyzed by three parts;collection, transportation and delivery. Second, the modeling criteria are developed that will be used for designing integrated postal business model. Third, object-oriented concepts are used by the steps of postal business modeling criteria captured. Finally, methods applied to developed model are grouped according to their function. Also, active-based mechanisms such as trigger and constraints are developed, and knowledge-based mechanisms such as inference are developed. These selected methods and attributes are encapsulated into objects. These constitute an object-active-knowledge based database model. Finally, Operational Scenario and Service Scenario are composed for real application according to proposed O-A-K model.

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A Systematic Review on the Certified Geriatric Pharmacist Program of the U.S.: Certification, Education and Outcomes (미국의 노인전문약사 제도에 대한 체계적 고찰: 인증, 교육 및 성과)

  • Nam, Hye Yeon;Cho, Eun
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.58 no.2
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    • pp.129-140
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    • 2014
  • Background: As elderly population has been increasing, pharmacists need to possess special knowledge and skills to provide enhanced pharmaceutical care for senior patients. Purpose: This study aims to systematically review on (1) the certified geriatric pharmacists (CGP) system, (2) the curriculum related to geriatric pharmacy education, and (3) the CGP's performance in terms of clinical, economic and humanistic outcomes in the U.S. Method: The information related to CGP system and curriculum was obtained through the official websites of 'American Society of Consultant Pharmacists', 'Commission for Certification in Geriatric Pharmacy' and the selected pharmacy school samples. Articles about on the outcomes of pharmacist-provided cognitive services including Medication Therapy Management were searched through PubMed. Results: To gain the CGP credential, pharmacists need 2-year experience as pharmacist in advance and take the CGP examination. This certification must be renewed every 5 year. Most pharmacy schools provide geriatric-related curriculum through didactic or pharmacy practice classes for pharmacy students and certificate or dual degree in gerontology are given on completion. Most previous outcomes research reported that pharmacists have played a role in yielding favorable results regarding clinical, economic and humanistic outcomes for nursing facilities, hospitals and community pharmacy settings. Conclusion: Considering the organized CGP certification system and concrete educational courses established the basis for pharmacists to exert their ability for senior patients of the U.S., it is suggested to build a geriatric pharmacist credential model for pharmacists to provide the increasing elderly patients with the requisite safe and effective pharmacy care in Korea.

Theory and practice of the interlibrary loan service (상호대차(相互貸償) 제도의 이론(理論)과 응용)

  • Chun Myung Sook
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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    • v.13
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    • pp.39-71
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    • 1986
  • Interlibrary loan has been a very common library service in the developed countries but it is yet to be actualized formerly in Korea. As Korea is moving toward an information society where all the individual user's request in the library should be met, we need to understand, in detail, the theory and practice of interlibrary loan service. As various information technology has been applied to the libraries, the libraries became the open system. Thus, the libraries become more cooperative, form networks, and make interlibrary loan service available. This study is based on the following three hypothesis formulated from the systems theory. 1. If libraries cooperate each other and form some kind of networks by mail, computers or telecommunications, they become the open system. 2. If a library develops as the open system, interlibrary loan becomes available in the library. 3. If the interlibrary loan system works, the role of the librarians will be changed. The research was carried out by analyzing the various studies about interlibrary loan service and by examining the interlibrary loan systerns presently working in the U.S.. The conclusions are reached deductively from the data. Some of the terminology used are defined as follows: System: a network of interrelated procedures that are joined together to perform an activity or to accomplish a specific objective. It is, in effect, all the ingredient which make up the whole. Cooperation: Working together to benefit participant libraries. Network: a much more structured type of cooperation in which definite regions or areas are connected by electronic or other means to promote interlibrary loaning of materials, in-service traing & other sharing of resources. Interlibrary loan: the lending of books between libraries. The model of cooperation or networks was used to be (1) a star type, (2) a hieranchical type, (3) a distributed type or (4) the combination of aforementioned three. However, the development of the telecommunications and computers enables all kinds of libraires cooperate together. Interlibrary loan service starts with the needs of user's information. The information have to be logically accessed through bibliographies, computers, electronic mails and satellite communications. And the logical access requires the information technology and the libraries become cooperative. The physical access to the information follows next but only traditional method of mail and some commercial service are currently available for this purpose. Therefore, researches are needed to develop this physical access. If the libraries form networks, the microaspect of library changes accordingly as the macroaspect changes. If the libraries . cooperate to become one large world library, the librarians plan, organize, control library operations and report the results. And the librarians work inside and outside of the library to cooperate with other libraries. Only the cooperation of the libraries will enhance interlibrary loan and the Korean librarians have to be prepared to accept the new role of librarianship for the interlibrary loan service.

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A development of the integrated model for the disaster field response and situation information management (재난 현장 대응 및 상황 정보 관리 모델에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, ChangYeol;Kim, TaeHwan;Lee, ChangSeong
    • Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.36-42
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    • 2018
  • Most of the disaster situation management system is focusing in the providing the situational information to support the decision of the commander. The information includes the sensing, CCTV, and weather data. Additionally, the reporting from the field agents is an axle of the data. These systems has weak in the field response capacities about the detail mission management to field agents. In this study, we focus in the development of the integrated model for SOP(Standard Operation Procedures) and situation information management.

A Study on the Informatization Planning of Postal Address (우편주소 정보화 방안 수립에 관한 연구)

  • Chang, Tai-Woo;Jeong, Han-Il;Park, Chank-Won
    • IE interfaces
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.104-116
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    • 2005
  • In this paperm we provide a plan of construction, employment and management of the Korean postal address database and discuss the design of to-be models for it. For the purpose, we adopt and modify the information strategy planning methodology to fit it into our study. We examine the managerial environments and limitations of the postal services and define the requirements as a result. The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) was chosen as the best practice for a benchmarking and gap analysis with its advanced management of address information. After analyzing the current status of the postal business processes and information systems used, we classify the products and the services of USPS by the process to which they are applied and propose a deployment plan. In order to design a to-be model, we define the operating and managing functions for the address database and specify the scenario according to the functions. By managing the address database and supporting the postal services, it could be possible to make the business competitive and satisfy the customer demands.

Performance Expectancy and Effort Expectancy in Omnichannel Retailing

  • RYU, Jay Sang;FORTENBERRY, Sally
    • The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.27-34
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: While previous studies mainly focus on one shopping expectancy in the context of e-commerce or m-commerce, this study examines the relationship between consumers' performance and effort expectancy and their shopping intentions in the omnichannel retail environment in which both online and offline shopping channels are utilized concurrently in a single shopping journey. Research design, data and methodology: This study measured consumers' performance expectancy, effort expectancy, attitudes, and intentions toward an omnichannel shopping service. A survey was developed using an online survey platform and distributed to U.S. consumers for a 3-week period and 470 usable responses were obtained. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling were performed to test the reliability and validity of the measurement model and research model portraying the hypothesized relationships among constructs. Results: The results confirm that both performance and effort expectancy from shopping affected consumers' attitudes toward omnichannel shopping. The positive attitudes increased their omnichannel shopping intentions. Conclusions: Retailers should promote omnichannel strategies as effective shopping tools to improve consumers' shopping experiences and outcomes. This study suggests that retailers should implement omnichannel strategies that synchronize the retail channels they offer and promote the strategies as effective means to enhance customers' shopping outcomes and experiences.

Factors Influencing Depression of the Cancer Patient's Family Caregivers (암환자 가족원의 우울에 대한 영향요인)

  • Hong, Min-joo;Kim, Young-suk;Bang, Bu-kyeong;Kim, Ick-Jee
    • The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.163-172
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    • 2019
  • Objectives: With the rapidly increasing incidence of cancer worldwide, it has become important for health care professionals to both provide care for cancer patients and to address the challenges faced by family caregivers of cancer patients. This study aims to identify the factors affecting depression among cancer patients' family caregivers. The results of this study suggest the need to propose programs for family caregivers as well as cancer patients. Methods: Participants were 219 caregivers who were informed of the study purpose and agreed to participate. Data were analyzed using t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple stepwise regression with the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program. Results: The mean score for depression among cancer patients' family caregivers was $1.57{\pm}.40$ (range: 0-3). Depression was significantly different based on age, relationship with the patient, education, occupation, cancer recurrence, care days per week, financial burden, site of cancer, and health status. Analysis using multiple regression showed that model 1 showed 16% of the factors predicting depression among cancer patients' family caregivers (F=6.16, p<.001) including occupation, recurrence, and health status of the caregiver. Model 3, which included additional burnout, showed 37% of the factors predicting depression (F=12.36, p<.001). Conclusions: These results suggest that it is necessary to develop programs for prevention and management of depression among cancer patients' family caregivers.

Consumer Responses to Retailer's Location-based Mobile Shopping Service : Focusing on PAD Emotional State Model and Information Relevance (유통업체의 위치기반 모바일 쇼핑서비스 제공에 대한 소비자 반응 : PAD 감정모델과 정보의 상황관련성을 중심으로)

  • Lee, Hyun-Hwa;Moon, Hee-Kang
    • Journal of Distribution Research
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.63-92
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    • 2012
  • This study investigated consumer intention to use a location-based mobile shopping service (LBMSS) that integrates cognitive and affective responses. Information relevancy was integrated into pleasure-arousal-dominance (PAD) emotional state model in the present study as a conceptual framework. The results of an online survey of 335 mobile phone users in the U.S. indicated the positive effects of arousal and information relevancy on pleasure. In addition, there was a significant relationship between pleasure and intention to use a LBMSS. However, the relationship between dominance and pleasure was not statistically significant. The results of the present study provides insight to retailers and marketers as to what factors they need to consider to implement location-based mobile shopping services to improve their business performance. Extended Abstract : Location aware technology has expanded the marketer's reach by reducing space and time between a consumer's receipt of advertising and purchase, offering real-time information and coupons to consumers in purchasing situations (Dickenger and Kleijnen, 2008; Malhotra and Malhotra, 2009). LBMSS increases the relevancy of SMS marketing by linking advertisements to a user's location (Bamba and Barnes, 2007; Malhotra and Malhotra, 2009). This study investigated consumer intention to use a location-based mobile shopping service (LBMSS) that integrates cognitive and affective response. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship among information relevancy and affective variables and their effects on intention to use LBMSS. Thus, information relevancy was integrated into pleasure-arousal-dominance (PAD) model and generated the following hypotheses. Hypothesis 1. There will be a positive influence of arousal concerning LBMSS on pleasure in regard to LBMSS. Hypothesis 2. There will be a positive influence of dominance in LBMSS on pleasure in regard to LBMSS. Hypothesis 3. There will be a positive influence of information relevancy on pleasure in regard to LBMSS. Hypothesis 4. There will be a positive influence of pleasure about LBMSS on intention to use LBMSS. E-mail invitations were sent out to a randomly selected sample of three thousand consumers who are older than 18 years old and mobile phone owners, acquired from an independent marketing research company. An online survey technique was employed utilizing Dillman's (2000) online survey method and follow-ups. A total of 335 valid responses were used for the data analysis in the present study. Before the respondents answer any of the questions, they were told to read a document describing LBMSS. The document included definitions and examples of LBMSS provided by various service providers. After that, they were exposed to a scenario describing the participant as taking a saturday shopping trip to a mall and then receiving a short message from the mall. The short message included new product information and coupons for same day use at participating stores. They then completed a questionnaire containing various questions. To assess arousal, dominance, and pleasure, we adapted and modified scales used in the previous studies in the context of location-based mobile shopping service, each of the five items from Mehrabian and Russell (1974). A total of 15 items were measured on a seven-point bipolar scale. To measure information relevancy, four items were borrowed from Mason et al. (1995). Intention to use LBMSS was captured using two items developed by Blackwell, and Miniard (1995) and one items developed by the authors. Data analyses were conducted using SPSS 19.0 and LISREL 8.72. A total of usable 335 data were obtained after deleting the incomplete responses, which results in a response rate of 11.20%. A little over half of the respondents were male (53.9%) and approximately 60% of respondents were married (57.4%). The mean age of the sample was 29.44 years with a range from 19 to 60 years. In terms of the ethnicity there were European Americans (54.5%), Hispanic American (5.3%), African-American (3.6%), and Asian American (2.9%), respectively. The respondents were highly educated; close to 62.5% of participants in the study reported holding a college degree or its equivalent and 14.5% of the participants had graduate degree. The sample represents all income categories: less than $24,999 (10.8%), $25,000-$49,999 (28.34%), $50,000-$74,999 (13.8%), and $75,000 or more (10.23%). The respondents of the study indicated that they were employed in many occupations. Responses came from all 42 states in the U.S. To identify the dimensions of research constructs, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using a varimax rotation was conducted. As indicated in table 1, these dimensions: arousal, dominance, relevancy, pleasure, and intention to use, suggested by the EFA, explained 82.29% of the total variance with factor loadings ranged from .74 to .89. As a next step, CFA was conducted to validate the dimensions that were identified from the exploratory factor analysis and to further refine the scale. Table 1 exhibits the results of measurement model analysis and revealed a chi-square of 202.13 with degree-of-freedom of 89 (p =.002), GFI of .93, AGFI = .89, CFI of .99, NFI of .98, which indicates of the evidence of a good model fit to the data (Bagozzi and Yi, 1998; Hair et al., 1998). As table 1 shows, reliability was estimated with Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability (CR) for all multi-item scales. All the values met evidence of satisfactory reliability in multi-item measure for alpha (>.91) and CR (>.80). In addition, we tested the convergent validity of the measure using average variance extracted (AVE) by following recommendations from Fornell and Larcker (1981). The AVE values for the model constructs ranged from .74 through .85, which are higher than the threshold suggested by Fornell and Larcker (1981). To examine discriminant validity of the measure, we again followed the recommendations from Fornell and Larcker (1981). The shared variances between constructs were smaller than the AVE of the research constructs and confirm discriminant validity of the measure. The causal model testing was conducted using LISREL 8.72 with a maximum-likelihood estimation method. Table 2 shows the results of the hypotheses testing. The results for the conceptual model revealed good overall fit for the proposed model. Chi-square was 342.00 (df = 92, p =.000), NFI was .97, NNFI was .97, GFI was .89, AGFI was .83, and RMSEA was .08. All paths in the proposed model received significant statistical support except H2. The paths from arousal to pleasure (H1: ${\ss}$=.70; t = 11.44), from information relevancy to intention to use (H3 ${\ss}$ =.12; t = 2.36), from information relevancy to pleasure (H4 ${\ss}$ =.15; t = 2.86), and pleasure to intention to use (H5: ${\ss}$=.54; t = 9.05) were significant. However, the path from dominance to pleasure was not supported. This study investigated consumer intention to use a location-based mobile shopping service (LBMSS) that integrates cognitive and affective responses. Information relevancy was integrated into pleasure-arousal-dominance (PAD) emotional state model as a conceptual framework. The results of the present study support previous studies indicating that emotional responses as well as cognitive responses have a strong impact on accepting new technology. The findings of this study suggest potential marketing strategies to mobile service developers and retailers who are considering the implementation of LBMSS. It would be rewarding to develop location-based mobile services that integrate information relevancy and which cause positive emotional responses.

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A Study on the Current Status and Future Prospection of the Electronic Payment Infrastructure -Focusing on the e-L/C and SWIFT TSU- (전자결제 인프라 현황과 향후 전망 -전자신용장과 SWIFT TSU를 중심으로-)

  • Kim, Tae-Hwan
    • International Commerce and Information Review
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.585-610
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    • 2012
  • There have been various attempt to offer commercial service of electronic payment. Actually, however, there has been few electronic payment model that are being used commercial service. Among them, it is estimated that only TSU(Trade Service Utility) of SWIFT will be succeed in providing commercial service possibility. In Korea e-L/C Distribution & Management System was constructed and become the first e-L/C service on a global basis via e-Trade Facilitation 3 Years Project and then started offering the world first e-L/C service. Some scholars have insisted the opinion that SWIFT L/C means e-L/C, but such opinion may be wrong because SWIFT L/C means the L/C advised by SWIFT(Society for Worldwid Interbank Financial Telecommunication) under the condition that a series of procedure from the issuance of L/C to the advice is done by SWIFT system. Because perfect e-L/C should be organically connected by SWIFT network and also, the e-L/C business between overseas banks and their customers should be organically linked with each other. The purpose of this paper is contribute to the commercialization of e-L/C distribution system by studying the current status of infrastructure concerned with domestic and overseas electronic payment and future e-payment infrastructure, seeking to be introduced internationally by doing things.

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