• Proceedings of the Korea Database Society Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.183-192
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• 2008

This paper is to provide the guideline of U-commerce Adoption In the Ubiquitous environment. Personalization is the Key in U-commerce. The guideline helps the understand difference personalization in U-commerce with M-commerce or E-commerce. we described U-commerce's prospective applications and personalization characteristics. So, according to TAM, we described what the perceived values of adoption and how perceived values of adoption can effect to adoption intention.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.87-108
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• 2008

Recently, commerce paradigm is developing to e-commerce, mobile commerce, and ubiquitous commerce(u-commerce). While many companies consider to adopt u-commerce, they have a task to solve this problem. The typical consideration is to derive the critical success factors for u-commerce. By the literature survey, this paper suggests the critical success factors for e-commerce business and off-line business to transform to u-commerce environment. We find significant variables to contribute the management performance by analyzing the cause and effect relationship.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.353-355
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• 2003

현재의 상거래는 지불 기술과 인증 기술을 갖춘 전자지불 시스템을 기반으로 언제. 어디서나 소비자의 요구을 만족시키는 U-Commerce로 이동중에 있다. 전자상거래가 거래공간을 전자공간으로 옮김으로써 신경제를 불러왔듯이 U-commerce는 물리공간과 전자공간을 통합하는 유비쿼터스 공간 경제를 보편화시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 T-commerce와 M-commerce의 요구사항을 살펴보고. U-commerce을 위한 지불게이트활용방안을 제시한다.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.73-98
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to verify and analyze the factors that influence the acceptance intention of u-Commerce users under ubiquitous computing environments. To accomplish this, the Technology Acceptance Model(TAM) of Davis(1989), which has widely been cited in new technologies such as information technology(IT) and information systems(IS) studies was used to develop the research model. First of all, personal characteristics affecting the acceptance intention of u-Commerce were identified as individual variables through literature review. Utilizing the use of the individual variables and the TAM model, the u-Commerce acceptance intention model was established. The research findings indicated that IT acceptance forms and frequencies in IT use did not have a significant impact on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of u-Commerce. It was also found that the perceived usefulness proposed in the u-Commerce acceptance model influenced the perceived usefulness. Both ease of use and usefulness were identified to influence attitude for use. Finally, usefulness and attitude for use also positively influenced acceptance intention. The contribution of this study was the examination of the factors affecting acceptance intention of users in u-Commerce and the verification of the usefulness of the TAM model in describing the acceptance of u-Commerce users using structure acceptance model. Furthermore, this study has empirically analyzed how personal characteristics widely used in the study of acceptance of IT can influence the acceptance of u-Commerce.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.616-619
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• 2009

새로운 미디어와 창의적인 발상으로 유비쿼터스 기반 상거래에 대한 요구는 날로 증가하고 있다. 사용자 참여형 U-commerce 비즈니스 시나리오를 구성하고, 이에 따라 디지털 아이템 상거래에 필요한 요구사항을 정의한다. 이를 위하여, 각 단계 별로 수익모델을 중심으로 서비스 흐름을 고찰하고, IPTV를 비롯한 휴대폰, 텔레매틱 단말, PDA 등 각종 U-Commerce 서비스가 가능한 단말에서의 양방향 서비스를 고찰하며, 설계된 분류체계를 SOA 기반 U-commerce의 실질적인 운영에 이를 활용가능하게 하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 특히, 본 논문에서는 UCC와 같은 P2P를 중심으로 하여 SOiVA(Service Oriented interactive Video Application)를 활용한 U-commerce 운영 서비스 요구사항을 연구하였다.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.265-286
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• 2009

Dumping describes the practice of international price discrimination whereby a producer or exporter sells merchandise in an export market at less than fair value. The U.S. antidumping statutory framework is embodied in the Tariff Act of 1930. The Act states that "dumping" refers to the sale or likely sale of goods at less than fair value. 19 U.S.C. $\S$ 1677(34). The Commerce Department and the Commission are jointly responsible for administering the antidumping law. Commerce determines whether foreign merchandise is being sold in the United States at less than fair value, and the Commission determines whether a domestic industry producing a product like the imported merchandise has been materially injured or threatened with material injury by reason of imports of that product. Recently, in U.S. v. Eurodif, the Supreme Court held the question whether the Commerce can reasonably determin that foreign merchandise has been sold within the meaning of the antidumping law in U.S.. Should 19 U.S.C. Section 1673, which calls for "antidumping" duties on foreign goods, but not services, that sell at less than fair value in the U.S., apply to imported low enriched uranium? Yes. In a unanimous opinion written by Justice David H. Souter, the Supreme Court held that the Commerce Department's view of imported low enriched uranium, as the sale of goods rather than services, was permissible. It reasoned that, since 19 U.S.C. Section 1673 did not specify whether it applied to the production of low enriched uranium, it was left to the reasonable interpretation of the Commerce Department to determine. Accordingly, the Court found the Commerce Department interpreted the statute reasonably.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.12
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• pp.555-586
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• 1999

United States has extended the extraterritorial application of U.S. Antitrust Law in 1990s. First, The U.S. Federal Supreme Court declared in Hartford Fire Insurance Co. v. California that the extraterritorial application of U.S. Antitrust Law is according to Effect Doctrine. Therefore, U.S. Antirust Division and FTC will continue to base their assertions of juridiction on the test of direct, substantial and foreseeable effects on U.S. interests. Second, U.S. Antitrust Law apply to foreign conduct that such conduct has direct, substantial and reasonably foreseeable effect on U.S. domestic or import commerce and export commerce. Third, United States has extended the extraterritorial application of U.S. Antitrust Law on international licensing contract or international merger. Forth, United States impose criminal responsbility of U.S. Antitrust Law on the foreign anticompetitive conduct. Therefore, our government and industries must consider the corresponding stratigies against the extension of the extraterritorial application of U.S. Antitrust Law.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.143-162
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• 2008

The Title 19 of the U.S. Code covers custom duties and is the heart of international trade regulation in the U.S.. Among the provisions in Title 19, is Chapter 4, the Tariff Act of 1930. Under U.S. Antidumping duty law, dumping occurs when `subject merchandise' is imported into the U.S. and sold at less than `fair value.' The administration of U.S. Antidumping duty law is shared between the Department of Commerce('Commerce') and International Trade Commission('USITC'). The U.S. Court of International Trade ("CIT") and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ("CAFC") decided the review of antidumping duty ("AD") determinations and administrative review results issued by the Commerce and the USITC, as well as the review of countervailing duty ("CVD") decisions. In Eurodif S.A. v. United States, the CAFC considered the important issue of whether the antidumping and countervailing duty laws apply to sales and purchases of services--in this case, the sale or purchase of enrichment services. Although the federal courts had considered the issue of whether a sale of enrichment services constitutes a sale of goods, the issue had never arisen in the context of the antidumping and countervailing duty laws. Also this is the first time that the Supreme Court has ever agreed to consider an antidumping case.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.37-57
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• 2005

The business in the Ubiquitous era has to be developed by combing a traditional marketing concept with a new concept system on Chip. The objective of this paper is researching on the attention or interest, understanding, positive effects, etc., for Ubiquitous Computing to realize u-Korea and u-Business. The paper result which is the stepwise developing scheme of u-Business could be useful in the policy, publicity and education, strategic implementation of the Ubiquitous Computing. And the proposed new services for u-Commerce can be applied to new business model of future IT industry. Actually, the awareness and understanding about Ubiquitous are low, But, We can't overemphasize the value of Ubiquitous. First of all, The publicity and education about It's may have to be emphasized.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.69-87
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• 2023

This study recognizes that consumers are becoming important as a subject of commerce as they change from the existing e-commerce market to the consumer-led e-commerce market, and proposes the use of consumer intervention as a remedy for consumer damage in international e-commerce disputes. In Korea, there is no separate regulation on consumer arbitration, so we will analyze the U.S. arbitration judgment, which is the most active in consumer arbitration, and examine it through the U.S. arbitration judgment so that arbitration can become active as a remedy for consumer disputes in Korea. In summary, in the event of a dispute between consumers and companies through e-commerce, consumers' preference for arbitration was confirmed through repeated collection of opinions without coercion. It is necessary to revitalize arbitration in Korea to protect consumers through arbitration rather than litigation and to resolve disputes through active alternative dispute resolution as a solution to disputes in e-commerce, which is rapidly increasing through U.S. consumer arbitration cases. The topic of the activation of arbitration has been mentioned a lot before, but the preference for arbitration is still lower than that of litigation. However, from now on, as the appearance of existing commerce has changed to consumer-led e-commerce, it has proposed a plan to use arbitration to rescue consumers from damage as consumers as buyers grow in the market.