• Title/Summary/Keyword: u의 발음

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Zur Standardaussprache des heutigen Deutsch (독어의 표준발음에 대한 고찰)

  • Chung Dong Gyu
    • Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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    • v.9
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    • pp.45-63
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    • 2004
  • Obwohl der Begriff Standardaussprache noch umstritten ist, werden mit ihm musterhafte Ausspracheformen beschrieben, deren Akzeptanzareal weit $\"{u}ber$ dasjenige dialektaler und umgangssprachlicher Ausspracheformen hinausreicht, die beim Sprechen der Standardsprache in $\"{o}ffentlichen$ Bereichen verwendet werden, und die viele Sprachbenutzer emotional positiv bewerten.(Stock, 2001: 162) Seit Ende des 19. Jhs. stehen verschiedene Versuche, die einheitlichen Ausspracheformen $f\"{u}r$ unterschiedliche Kommunikationsbereiche zu normieren. Eine umfangreiche und verantwortungvolle Antwort hat Duden $Aussprachew\"{o}rterbuch$ gebracht. In der deutschen Sprache gibt es eine ganze Reihe landschaftlich und sozialisch bedingter Unterschiede in der Aussprache: 1. Genormte Lautung - Standardlautung, $B\"{u}hnenaussprache$ 2. Ungenormte Lautung - Umgangslautung, $\"{U}berlautung$ Dabei ist die $B\"{u}hnenaussprache$ heute als $\"{u}bersteigert$ empfunden. Und die Umgangslautung ist weniger deutlich und schriftnah als die Standardlautung, die $\"{U}berlautung$ deutlicher und $schriftn\"{a}her$ als die Standardlautung. Von diesen aussprachlichen Situationen ausgehend ist hier untersucht worden, welche aussprachliche Variante eine Richtschnur in der Aussprache $f\"{u}r$ die $Ausl\"{a}nder$ sein soli, die Deutsch als Fremdsprache lemen. Die Standardlautung oder -aussprache ist eine der $M\"{o}glichkeiten$, das Lautsystem des heutigen Deutsch zu realisieren.

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한글 단어를 발음 기호로 변환 시키는 인공신경망에 관한 연구

  • Yang, Jae-U;Kim, Doo-Hyeon
    • ETRI Journal
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.113-124
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    • 1988
  • 본 논문에서는 한글 단어를 발음 기호로 변환시키는 인공신경망의 설계와 이를 시뮬레이션한 결과에 대하여 논한다. 이 인공신경망은 multi-layer perceptron 구조를 가지며 error back-propagation 학습 알고리즘을 사용하였다. 이 인공신경망에 한글 발음 사전의 일부를 반복적으로 제시하여 학습시킨 결과, 학습한 단어에 대하여 최고 97%의 정확도로 변환 작업을 수행하였고 학습하지 않은 단어에 대해서는 91%의 정확도를 보였다. 이는 설계된 인공신경망이 발음 사전 내에 포괄적으로 내재되어 있는 발음규칙을 스스로 학습하였음을 나타낸다. 아울러 신경망의 학습 성취도와 입력 코드와의 관계도 연구하였는데, 한글단어를 발음기호로 변환하는 데에 있어서 compact 코드 보다 local 코드일 때 학습 성취도가 높은 것이 실험을 통해 밝혀졌다.

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A Survey or The Korean Learner's Problems in Mastering English Pronunciation (한국인의 영어 발음 학습상 문제점 개관)

  • Youe Hansa MahnGunn
    • MALSORI
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    • no.42
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    • pp.47-56
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    • 2001
  • 이 글은 제2회 서울 국제 음성학 학술대회(SICOPS 2000) 기조강연 내용을 조금 손질한 것인데, 한국인 영어 학습자가 저지르기 쉬운 발음상 잘못을 모음, 자음별로 관찰하고 그 대책을 논의한다. 모음에서는 주로 i:l, u:$-\sigma$, (equation omitted) 흔동이 문제이며, 또한 90종이 넘는 여러 철자로 나타나는 쭉정모음(schwa) 식별과 정복한 발음도 큰 문제다. 자음에서는 음소 연결방식에서 생기는 자음접변 둥 한 국어 특유 현상을 영어에까지 연장하는 바람에 많은 오류가 생긴다는 것과 영어 sp-, st-, sk-에서 /p t k/는 연한소리(lenis)로 [(equation omitted)]인데, 된소리로 잘못알고 있는 수가 많다는 것도 지적된다. 무룻 영어학습자는 철자만 보고 발음을 속단하지 말고 단어마다 반드시 발음을 사전에서 확인할 것과 아울러 거기에 음성학적 훈련이 수반되어야 함을 역설하며, 정확한 발음을 아는 것은 실제 영어 청취i구사에 뿐 아니라 또한 언어연구 기초확립에 필수적이라는 말로 글을 맺는다.

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The Corpus-probability Based Generation of Korean Standard Pronunciation (코퍼스 확률에 기반한 한국어 표준발음 생성)

  • Kim, Dong-Sung
    • Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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    • 2007.10a
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    • pp.210-215
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구에서는 코퍼스 확률에 기반하여 한국어 표준 발음 생성에 대한 연구를 한다. 기존의 이은영 외 (2005)에서 연구된 규칙기반의 한국어 IPA 발음 변환방식과는 달리 본 연구에서는 음운변환 코퍼스를 바탕으로 표준발음을 변환한다. 이 방식을 위해서 Brill(1995)에서 제안한 변형기반 학습방식이 활용되었으며, 단계적인 처리방식이 아닌 입-출력 대응 방식의 확률적 처리 방식이 제안되었다. 음운변환 방식은 음운규칙에 근거한 처리가 아닌 언어자원인 코퍼스를 활용해서 처리하였다는 점에서 기존의 연구방식과 차이가 있다. 또한, 기존 연구에서는 음운규칙을 단계적으로 적용하여서 입력형이 출력형으로 도출되기 위해서 여러 단계를 거쳤지만, 본 연구에서는 입력형과 출력형의 일대일 대응이라는 점에서 차이점을 보인다.

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Phonetic Alphabet as a Pronunciation Guide (영어발음교육과 발음기호)

  • Kang, Yongsoon
    • Journal of English Language & Literature
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    • v.56 no.1
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    • pp.65-78
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    • 2010
  • The purpose of this paper is to suggest that the International Phonetic Alphabet be included in English curriculum and taught in English classroom. Current English curriculum for elementary and middle school students doesn't specify anything for the education of the IPA. The knowledge of IPA is essential for the students to study by themselves how to pronounce English words. The IPA, however, is either too little or too much to be taught at school. It is too little in that it doesn't tell us anything about allophones, the knowledge of which could enable us to get rid of foreign accents as much as possible. It is too much in that it can represent more than one sounds (e.g., /ɔ/ in American and British English). To overcome these drawbacks, it should be introduced gradually with the allophones in the same environments. The correct vowel sounds should be introduced with the aid of pronunciation dictionary so that the students could get their own vowel quality. Moreover, the IPA symbol should be adopted for the English textbooks.

Proposed Methodology for Building Korean Machine Translation Data sets Considering Phonetic Features (단어의 음성학적 특징을 이용한 한국어 기계 번역 데이터 세트 구축 방안)

  • Zhang Qinghao;Yang Hongjian;Serin Kim;Hyuk-Chul Kwon
    • Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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    • 2022.10a
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    • pp.592-595
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    • 2022
  • 한국어에서 한자어와 외래어가 차지하는 비중은 매우 높다. 일상어의 경우 한자어와 외래어의 비중이 약 53%, 전문어의 경우 약 92%에 달한다. 한자어나 외래어는 중국이나 다른 나라로부터 영향을 받아 한국에서 쓰이는 단어들이다. 한국어에서 사용되는 한자어와 외래어의 한글 표기과 원어 표기를 발음해보면, 발음이 상당히 유사하다는 것을 알 수 있다. 한자어인 도서관(图书馆)을 중국어로 발음해보면 thu.ʂu.kwan'로 해당 단어에 대한 한국 사람의 발음과 상당히 유사하다. 본 논문에서는 Source Length, Source IPA Length, Target Length, Target IPA Length, IPA Distance 등 총 5가지의 음성학적 특징을 고려한 한국어-중국어 한국어-영어 단어 기계번역 데이터 세트를 구축하고자 한다.

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Training Effect on the Perception and Production of English Grapheme by Korean Learners of English (한국 학생들의 영어 철자 인지와 발화에 대한 훈련효과)

  • Cho, Mi-Hui
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.19 no.11
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    • pp.226-233
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    • 2019
  • Given that English grapheme is realized as five different American English vowels [ʌ, ju, ʊ, u, ə], the purpose of the current study is to examine Korean learners' perception and production of English grapheme and training effect on words with . Thus, the current study conducted pretest, training, and posttest for 31 Korean university students on 24 English words with . The overall results showed that the participants' perception and production accuracy was significantly improved in the posttest, thus indicating training effect on both perception and production. However, it was not the case that all five different vowels demonstrated training effect. In perception the accuracy rates of [ʌ], [ju], and [ə] were improved after training whereas those of [ʊ] and [u] were not. In production [ʌ], [ʊ], and [u] did not show training effect. These results indicate that the Korean participants had difficulty distinguishing between tense [u] and lax [ʊ] both in perception and production. In particular, the Korean participants tended to replace lax [ʊ] with tense [u] in production. This is because tense [u] is the best match to Korean [u] in acoustic measurements, so that tense [u] is easy for the Korean participants to pronounce than lax [ʊ]. Also, English [ʌ] tended to be mispronounced as [u]-quality vowels such as [u] and [ju], which is due to the spelling . The Korean participants also showed errors which insert [j] after alveolars [t, d, n, s], which runs against yod-dropping in American English. They also deleted [j] after labials and velars, which is due to the absence of orthography in the target words. Finally, pedagogical implications were discussed based on the findings of the current study.

A Study on Monitoring of Liver Function Based on Voice Signal Analysis for u-Health System (u-Health 시스템을 위한 음성신호 분석 기반의 간 기능 모니터링에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Bong-Hyun;Cho, Dong-Uk
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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    • v.18B no.6
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    • pp.389-396
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    • 2011
  • There is getting worse to various liver diseases due to change in eating habits, stress, alcohol etc in modern society. Therefore, we proposed methodology to diagnose early for liver disease to study the influence on voice in liver diseases. To this end, we carried out experiment to apply parameter of voice analysis to collect each voice inpatients and patients by treatment of liver diseases patients. Particularly, we carried out experiment to apply element value of pronunciation and the third formant frequency bandwidths about velar sounds associated liver in oriental medicine, then to produce objective index resonance cavity and influence vocalization in liver diseases. In addition, we carried out to study about design of system to monitoring a liver function in u-Health environment based on result by experiment.

The effect of palatal height on the Korean vowels (구개의 높이가 한국어 모음 발음에 미치는 효과에 관한 연구)

  • Chung, Bo-Yoon;Lim, Young-Jun;Kim, Myung-Joo;Nam, Shin-Eun;Lee, Seung-Pyo;Kwon, Ho-Beom
    • The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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    • v.48 no.1
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    • pp.69-74
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    • 2010
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of palatal height on Korean vowels and speech intelligibility in Korean adults and to produce baseline data for future prosthodontic treatment. Material and methods: Forty one healthy Korean men and women who had no problem in pronunciation, hearing, and communication and had no history of airway disease participated in this study. Subjects were classified into H, M, and L groups after clinical determination of palatal height with study casts. Seven Korean vowels were used as sample vowels and subjects'clear speech sounds were recorded using Multispeech software program on computer. The F1 and the F2 of 3 groups were produced and they were compared. In addition, the vowel working spaces of 3 groups by /a/, /i/, and /u/ corner vowels were obtained and their areas were compared. Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whiteny U test were used as statistical methods and P < .05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There were no significant differences in formant frequencies among 3 groups except for the F2 formant frequency between H and L group (P = .003). In the analysis of vowel working space areas of 3 groups, the vowel working spaces of 3 groups were similar in shape and no significant differences of their areas were found. Conclusion: The palatal height did not affect vowel frequencies in most of the vowels and speech intelligibility. The dynamics of tongue activity seems to compensate the morphological difference.


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