• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 1999

While the conventional end-to-end anastomotic technique is accepted as 'the golden standard' for microvascular anastomosis, it is time-consuming and tedious. In an effort to offer faster and safer ways of performing microvascular anastomoses, numerous anastomotic techniques have been proposed, but further refinements in microvascular techniques are still necessary. A 'continuous suture with interrupted knot' technique was devised for faster and safer anastomosis. It has been successfully used in microanastomoses of both artery and vein for free tissue transfer. It is a combination of the interrupted suturing technique and the continuous suturing technique. First, a continuous suture is made with the size of loop decreasing in order, and then the sutures are tied individually from the first loop to the last one as in the conventional interrupted suturing technique. It was applied clinically to fourteen patients over the past ten months and found to be a highly efficient technique that satisfied our needs. This 'continuous suture with interrupted knot' technique has several advantages over other techniques : The operative time is reduced comparing conventional interrupted suture technique. By delaying the tie and with the vessel walls kept separated, the risk of through-stitch can be reduced. Tying all the sutures at one time not only speed up the procedures, but also reduced the surgeon's fatigue. In addition, it has no problem of anastomotic stenosis which is a disadvantage of continuous suture technique. This technique proved to be faster and safer, and has patency equal to that of the conventional end-to-end anastomosis. It is of great help to the surgeon in reducing operative time, especially in clinical situations when many anastomoses are required, or lengthy grafting procedures are undertaken.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2006

By analyzing the Ge 34 core-level photoelectron spectrum, we studied the structure of the $Li/Ge(111)-3\times1$ surface. Two surface related components tying on either side of the main bulk peak were identified in the Ge 3d spectrum. The existence and the position of the two surface components in the core-level spectrum from $Li/Ge(111)-3\times1$ is similar to those of the $Li/Ge(111)-3\times1$, suggesting the similarities in structure of the two surfaces. The core-level photoelectron spectra of the Li-induced $Li/Ge(111)-3\times1$ surface are well consistent with the honeycomb-chain-channel model, which was proposed as the structure of the $Si/Ge(111)-3\times1$ induced by alkali metals.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38A no.12
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• pp.1135-1144
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• 2013

Deploying small cells is a reliable and influential solution to handle the skyrocketing traffic increase in the cellular network, and the small cell technology is evolving to ultra-dense network (UDN). In this paper we propose a small cell on/off algorithm with a simple but essential framework composed of access point (AP), user equipment (UE), and small cell controller (SCC). We propose Device-Assisted Networking for Cellular grEening (DANCE) algorithms that save the energy consumption by tying to minimize the number of turned-on APs while maintaining the network throughput. In doing so, SCC firstly gathers the feedback messages from UEs and then makes a decision including a set of turned-on APs and user association. DANCE algorithm has several variations depending on the number of bits of the UE's feedback message (1 bit vs. N bit), and is divided into AP-first, UE-first, or Proximity ON according to the criteria of selecting the turned-on APs. We perform extensive simulations under the realistic UDN environment, and the results confirm that the proposed algorithms, compared to the baseline, can significantly enhance the energy efficiency, e.g., more than a factor of 10.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.1121-1130
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• 2004

This paper proposes a method for line and word segmentation for machine-printed text blocks. To separate a text region into the unit of lines, it analyses the horizontal projection profile and performs a recursive projection profile cut method. In the word segmentation, between-word gaps are identified by a hierarchical clustering method after finding gaps in the text line by using a connected component analysis. In addition, a special symbol detection technique is applied to find two types of special symbols tying between words using their morphologic features. An experiment with 84 text regions from English and Korean documents shows that the proposed method achieves 99.92% accuracy of word segmentation, while a commercial OCR software named Armi 6.0 Pro$^{TM}$ has 97.58% accuracy.y.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.397-404
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• 2012

Jeju where concentrates on agriculture and tourism, conversion of outdoor culture into cultivation under structure happens actively for the purpose of increasing profit so continuous examination on house cultivation area is very important for this region. This paper is to suggest the effective image classification method using high resolution satellite image to detect the greenhouse. We carried out classification of greenhouse using the supervised classification and rule-based classification method about Formosat-2 images. Connecting result of two classification try to find accuracy improvement for greenhouse detection. Results about each classification method were calculated the accuracy by comparing with the result of visual detection. As a result, mahalanobis distance among the supervised methods was resulted in the highest detection. Also, it could be checked that detection accuracy was improved by tying with result of supervised method and result of rule-based classification. Therefore, it was expected that effective detection of greenhouse would be feasible if henceforward further study is performed in the process of connecting supervised classification and rule-based classification.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.5-9
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• 2015

A teaching hospital is a place where both patient care and learning occur together. To identify the role of the teaching hospital in an effective clerkship, we first determined the features of workplace learning and the factors that affect learning in the workplace, and then we proposed a role for the teaching hospital in the clinical clerkship. Features of learning in a clerkship include learning in context, and learning from patients, supervising doctors, others in the team, and colleagues. During the clerkship, medical students learn in three-way learner-patient-teacher relationships, and students' participation in the tasks of patient care is crucial for learning. Factors that influence learning in the workplace are associated with tasks, context, and learner. Tying the three factors together, we proposed a role for the teaching hospital in the three categories: involvement in the tasks of patient care, engagement in the medical team, and engagement in the learning environment and system. Supervising doctors and team members in a teaching hospital support students' deep participation in patient care, while improving the learning environment through organizational guidelines and systems. Gathering both qualitative and quantitative data for the evaluation of a teaching hospital is important.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.163-185
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• 2003

Although university libraries run by the subject-oriented serviec systems are increasing more and more, many problems are emerging as a result of tying out the subject classification of the sources without an enough advance knowledge, consideration of reality, and the study about effective management of subject-oriented sum system. Through the research of 37 university libraries run by the system of subject-oriented service, it was proved that for the effective subject-oriented service system, the reasonable classification of the subjects, considering the form and structure of the building, the number of users on each subject and the organization of the collection, and the subject librarians, who would take charge of subject-oriented service systems are indispensable. Therefore, the subject-oriented service system to be rooted strongly, the role model of the subject-oriented service system adequate to the reality of Korean university libraries should be developed, and the efforts of the people on the spot such as acquiring enough supports and training of the subject librarians should be arranged.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.847-855
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• 2005

This study investigated and compared the daily activities and energy expenditure of normally-weighted and obese elementary school children. The participants were 115 boys and 115 girls (6th grade) at ten elementary schools in Busan. Time spent on each activity was evaluated using the twenty-four hour recall method. 1) The general characteristics of the normally-weighted and obese children did not differ, although the normally-weighted children exercised and used stairs more than the obese children.2) Among their classified activities, the children spent most of their time resting, study, leisure, physiology and hygiene, commuting, and housework in that decreasing order. Normally-weighted children spent less time tying down and in conversation with family and friends than obese ones. 3) The children's average activity factors were 1.47 - 1.50. The normally-weighted children's rest energy expenditure (REE) (1391.4 kcal,1264.7 kcal) was less than that of the obese children (1711.4 kcal. 1461.0 kcal) . The normally-weighted children's daily energy expenditure was less than that of the obese, but energy expenditure per body weight was less in obese children than in the normally-weighted. In conclusion, sedentary activities and energy expenditure per body weight was less in the obese compared to the normally-weighted children. Programs to help children perceive and practice desirable physical activities should be suggested for prevention of obesity in children. (Korean J Nutrition 38(10): 847$\sim$855,2005)

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.188-193
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• 2003

Regardless of the distribution of the adaptation data in the testing environment, model-based adaptation methods that have so far been reported in various literature incorporates the adaptation data undiscriminatingly in reducing the mismatch between the training and testing environments. When the amount of data is small and the parameter tying is extensive, adaptation based on outlier data can be detrimental to the performance of the recognizer. The distribution of the adaptation data plays a critical role on the adaptation performance. In order to maximally improve the recognition rate in the testing environment using only a small number of adaptation data, supervised weighted training is applied to the structural maximum a posterior (SMAP) algorithm. We evaluate the performance of the proposed weighted SMAP (WSMAP) and SMAP on TIDIGITS corpus. The proposed WSMAP has been found to perform better for a small amount of data. The general idea of incorporating the distribution of the adaptation data is applicable to other adaptation algorithms.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.45 no.9
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• pp.96-102
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• 2008

The SoC bus topology is classified to single and multiple bus systems due to bus number. In single bus system, the selected only one master among the masters that try to initiate the bus transaction can execute its data transaction. On the other hand, in multiple bus system, as several buses that can be operated independently are connected with bridge, multiple data can be transferred parallel in each bus. However, In the case of data communication from one bus system to the other, data latency has remarkably increased in multiple bus. Furthermore, the performance of multiple bus can be easily different from master number, slave type and so on. In this paper, the performance of single and multiple bus architecture is compared and quantitatively analysed with the variation of master number and slave type especially a tying SDRAM, SRAM and register with TLM simulation method.