• 한국작물학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.133-137
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• 1969

This experiment was conducted to determine the optimum row width and plant spacing within row under the tropical environment for a leading soybean variety Palmetto and it was carried out at Eakmat Experiment Station in Vietnam. The experiments were arranged in a split plot design with four replications and the test was repeated twice in two years. Variations for seed yield due to the distance between rows were significant at 1 per cent level in 1967 test(dry season growing) and at 5 per cent level in 1968 test. Significant differences for plant height, lodging, maturity, number of branches per plant, and number of pods per plant due to the row width were not found in both tests, while significant differences in difference spacing within row was found in all traits studied. Interaction between width of row and spacing within row for seed yield and plant height were found at five percent level in 1967 test. These results indicate that close planting may increase in seed yield and plant height in both seasons, and decrease in loadging. From these studies, one could be understood that the plant population, particularly in dry season, plays decisive roles on seed yield in soybean culture, and the maximum plant height and minimum value of lodging index were also observed in closest spacing plots. The highest soybean yield in late planting would be expected by a combinations of 30 cm(between rows)${\times}$5cm(between hills) plot, while 40cm ${\times}$ 5cm planting method would be suggested for rainy season growing. Highest seed yield was obtained at closet spacing in both dry and rainy season, and these results led to drilling method in seeding where about 20 seeds per meter of row could be recommended. Besides the seed yield, the close planting may produce some advantages, such as increase plant height and decrease lodging, weeds and erosion of surface soil.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2016

Glucose tolerance tests have been devised to determine the speed of blood glucose clearance. Diabetes is often tested with the standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), along with fasting glucose level. However, no single test may be sufficient for the diagnosis, and the World Health Organization (WHO)/International Diabetes Federation (IDF) has suggested composite criteria. Accordingly, a single multi-class trait was constructed with three of the fasting phenotypes and 1- and 2-hour OGTT phenotypes from the Korean Association Resource (KARE) project, and the genetic association was investigated. All of the 18 possible combinations made out of the 3 sets of classification for the individual phenotypes were taken into our analysis. These were possible due to a method that was recently developed by us for estimating genomic associations using a generalized index of dissimilarity. Eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were found to have the strongest main effect are reported with the corresponding genes. Four of them conform to previous reports, located in the CDKAL1 gene, while the other 4 SNPs are new findings. Two-order interacting SNP pairs of are also presented. One pair (rs2328549 and rs6486740) has a prominent association, where the two single-nucleotide polymorphism locations are CDKAL1 and GLT1D1. The latter has not been found to have a strong main effect. New findings may result from the proper construction and analysis of a composite trait.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.187-198
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• 2002

Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate insecticide and one of the most commonly and widely used insecticide. However, a little known about the dermal risk of chlorpyrifos on human being. Therefore, this study was conducted for the dermal risk assessment after exposure to chlorpyrifos in Korean farmers. First, skin irritation by chlorpyrifos (10 mg/$\textrm{cm}^2$, 50 mg/$\textrm{cm}^2$, 100 mg/$\textrm{cm}^2$, 250 mg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ in acetone) was determined in rabbits for 5 days considering the usage of chlorpyrifos short term highly exposure. The index of skin irritation by chlorpyrifos was increased in each dose and length of exposure dependent manners. Next, using benchmark dose (BMD$_{5}$) approach, the dose-response relationship was assessed to calculate the reference dose (RfD). The value of RfD was 2.84 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg/day from 142.16 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg/day BMD5 value divided uncertainty factor 50. Finally, we assessed human dermal risk of chlorpyrifos with exposure level and RfD. Skin absorbed levels were assumed with several exposure scenarios encounting the circumstances of exposure that application method, protection equipment and cloth, exposure time and exposure frequency during chlorpyrifos spraying. By the comparison of skin absorbed dose with the reference dose, it was identified that risk values (risk index) to skin chlorpyrifos exposure were 0.958 from the point of above results and it was recommended that the occurrence of hazard effect (skin irritation toxicity) of chlorpyrifos would not be expected. Risk index was smaller than 1 in the case of spraying vehicle mounted application, 1hour exposure time and wearing protective cloth exposure. Whereas, risk index was above 1 in the case of hand-held application, 2hour exposure time and wearing common cloth. Comparing two kinds of application method, total risk index of the hand held application (1.67) was higher than vehicle mounted (0.27). Therefore, chlorpyrifos skin exposure was mainly affected by application equipment and applied form. The results of risk assessment on the human dermal toxicity of chlorpyrifos should be required to control in keeping safety rules, skin surface area available for contact, spraying time ,and spraying frequency.y.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.228-237
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• 2010

고차원 데이터에 대한 다양한 색인 구조가 제안되어 왔음에도 불구하고, 인터넷 서비스로서 이미지 및 동영상의 내용 기반 검색을 지원하기 위해서는 고확장성 지원 및 k-최근접점 검색 성능 향상을 지원하는 새로운 고차원 데이터의 색인 구조가 절실히 요구된다. 이에 우리는 다중 컴퓨팅 노드를 바탕으로 구축되는 분산 색인 구조로 분산 벡터 근사 트리(Distributed Vector Approximation-tree)를 제안한다. 분산 벡터 근사 트리는 대용량의 고차원 데이터로부터 추출한 샘플 데이터를 바탕으로 hybrid spill-tree를 구축하고, hybrid spill-tree외 말단 노드 각각에 분산 컴퓨팅 노드를 매핑하여 VA-file용 구축하는 두 레벨의 분산 색인 구조이다. 우리는 다중 컴퓨팅 노드들 상에 구축된 분산 벡터 근사 트리를 바탕으로 병렬 k-최근접점 검색을 수행함으로써 검씩 성능을 향상시킨다. 본 논문에서는 서로 다른 분포의 데이터 집합을 바탕으로 한 성능 시험 결과를 통하여, 분산 벡터 근사 트리가 기존의 고확장성을 지원하는 색인 구조와 비교하여 검색 정확도에 대한 손실 없이 더 빠른 k-최근접점 검색을 수행함을 보인다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.563-571
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• 2010

In carrying out the prior review on environmental conditions for basic plan of public waters reclamation, the important item is review on conditions of location on prearranged reclaimed land. In this study, environmental assessment which needs careful consideration in the first stage of selecting location is presented by analyzing environmental impact assessment on public waters reclamation projects for about 10 years. The assessment index for alternative comparison is divided into two parts according to importance level. What is most important in alternative comparison is the comparison on direct influence due to reclamation. In other words, it figures out damaged extent of natural shoreline as well as intertidal and infralittoral zones. Comparing influence extent due to reclamation through the 1st comparison on this is regarded as to be important. In case there is no significant difference by alternatives through the 1st assessment, the 2nd assessment should be carried out. In the 2nd assessment indexes are damaged quantity of benthic organism, change in seawater current, erosion, accumulation and exchangeable rate of seawater. The plan for selecting optimal location which minimizes environmental influence in establishing public waters reclamation plan is demonstrated through model cases. For this, 3 districts which have similar environment and scale are selected, and then comparison on location alternative is made through environmental assessment index. In addition, the comparison on 3 arrangement alternatives are conducted, targeting certain areas. It is thought that carrying out comparison review on respective areas in the same cities and counties, not merely comparing arrangement plan by selecting 1 targeting area in advance, is the most appropriate. Besides, selection of arrangement plan considering environment, which minimizes damage of natural shoreline and influence due to change of seawater current is required in alternative comparison on arrangement plan as well. In case of the prior review on environmental conditions though alternative comparison method presented in this study is carried out, it is safely said that the influence on ocean environment due to public waters reclamation can be minimized.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 1999

Body mass index(BMI) is recognized as one of the most useful indexes for adiposity in children and adults. This study was conducted to provide information on BMI distribution by age and sex in Korean children, and to identify sociodemographic factors that affected BMI among children. The study was conducted on 2376 children(boys 1184, girls 1192) living in a middle-size city in Korea. Subjects were selected from the primary schoolchildren in grades 1-6 using the two-stage sampling method. Their mean age was 9.4 years. The percentile of BMI tended to increase as age increased in both sexes. The 85th percentile for boys, aged 6-12 years, was 19.8kg/㎡, and the 95th percentile was 22.5kg/㎡. The 85th percentile for girls, aged 6-12 years, was 18.9kg/㎡, and the 95th percentile was 21.5kg/㎡. Multiple regression analysis was carried out to predict BMI from percent ideal body weight (PIBW), age and sex. After adjusting PIBW and age, BMI for boys was 0.062kg/㎡ lower than that for girls. One year of age increased BIM by 0.55kg/㎡. The prevalence rate of overweight and obesity based on PIBW was 15.8% and 15.0% for boys, and 14.0% and 11.0% for girls, respectively. Demographic factors such as sex, age, and parents' obesity influenced children's BMI. After adjusting for sex, age and parents' BMI, the presence of another children in family, and mother's employment status showed a strong effect on children's BMI. The results suggest an age-sex specific BMI distribution of Korean children. The present study also provides direct evidence of a correlation between early life environmental factors, such as presence of siblings or mother's employment, and BMI level in Korean children.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권6C호
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• pp.367-377
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• 2008

국내 기초구조물에 대한 하중저항계수설계법 개발의 일환으로 신뢰성에 기반한 항타강관말뚝의 저항계수를 산정하였다. 국내 정재하시험 및 지반조사 자료를 수집, 분석하여 측정 지지력 확인이 가능한 57개 자료에 대해서 선단부 N치 50을 기준으로 두 그룹으로 분류하였다(N<50, $N{\geq}50$). 구조물기초설계기준에서 제안하고 있는 두 가지 정역학적 설계공식에 대해서 대표 측정지지력과 설계지지력을 비교함으로써 저항편향계수를 평가하였다. 저항편향계수의 통계특성을 이용하여 일차신뢰도법 및 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션에 의한 엄밀한 신뢰성 분석을 실시하였다. 신뢰성 분석 결과 및 국내 말뚝기초의 설계, 시공 실무 특성을 종합적으로 고려하여 목표 신뢰도지수를 결정하였다. 무리말뚝의 여용성을 적용할 수 있는 경우 2.0, 2.33, 무리말뚝의 여용성을 적용할 수 없는 경우 2.5의 목표 신뢰도지수를 결정하였고, 일차신뢰도법 및 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션을 적용하여 저항계수를 산정하였다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.449-461
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• 2009

최근의 생산 공정은 공정의 자동화, 고객 요구의 다양화 등으로 많은 품질 특성치들을 갖는 다변량 공정의 형태가 일반적이며, 벡터 공정능력지수는 이러한 다변량 공정의 능력을 평가하기 위한 대표적인 측도라 할 수 있다. 한편 공정의 분포에 대한 정보를 정확히 파악하기 어려운 실제 현장의 상황에서 보다 정확한 공정능력을 평가할 수 있는 통계적 추정 문제는 현실적으로 중요한 문제라고 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 특정한 이변량 지수 공정 하에서 이변량 벡터 공정능력지수 $C_{pkl}$에 대한 신뢰영역의 추정 문제에 관하여 연구하였다. 먼저 지수분포의 특성을 고려하여 실제 현장에서 널리 사용되고 있는 가장 기본적인 일변량 공정능력지수들 중에서 규격 하한만을 고려한 형태인 $C_{pkl}$에 관하여 이변량 벡터 공정능력지수 $C_{pkl}=(C_{pklx},\;C_{pkly})$로 확장 정의하고, 이 지수의 플러그-인 추정량 및 관련 극한 확률분포를 유도하였다. 또한 이 지수에 대해 Marshall과 Olkin (1967)의 이변량 지수분포 모형을 기초로 근사 신뢰영역을 제시하였으며, 모의실험을 통하여 이변량 벡터 공정능력지수 $C_{pkl}$에 대한 95% 정규 근사(Asymptotic Normality: AN) 신뢰영역에 대한 이용가능성 및 효율성을 비교 분석하였다.

• 무역학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.47-67
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 최근 25년간의 데이터를 이용하여 아시아 각 국가 사이에 빈곤수준이 서로 수렴하는 것인지 혹은 오히려 격차가 더 증가해 왔는지를 분석하였다. 특히 무역은 이러한 수렴 여부에 어떤 영향을 미쳤는지를 분석하기 위해 빈곤자비율(H)과 인간개발지수(HDI)의 두 가지 지수를 이용하여 계량분석을 실시하였다. 분석방법으로는 경제성장 분야에서 흔히 쓰이고 있는 소위 σ-수렴 측정과 β-수렴 측정방법을 이용하였다. 그 결과, 분석기간 동안 H는 평균적으로 감소해 왔으며 HDI는 증가추세를 가진다는 것을 발견하였다. 하지만 이러한 추이는 아시아 국가들 전체의 평균 추이를 나타내는 것에 불과하기 때문에, 본 연구의 관심사인 국가 간 수렴여부를 추가 분석하였다. 그 결과 H는 국가 간에 유의한 정도의 수렴이 나타나지 않는 반면 HDI는 수렴하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 무역은 이 과정에서 역시 H수렴에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미쳤다고 보기 어렵지만 HDI의 경우에는 무역이 수렴속도를 향상시키는 데 일정한 기여를 했다는 것을 발견했다. 결국, 무역은 전반적인 삶의 질 향상을 통해 아시아 국가 간의 격차를 수렴시킨다는 것을 발견하였다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.187-194
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• 2010

Heavy-weight floor impact sound insulation performance criteria have been effective in Korea since the regulation which enforces the standard thickness of slabs in domestic apartment houses should be constructed by 180mm or 210mm was adopted. But every slab does not satisfy this criteria. So, review on existing floor impact sound insulation performance is needed to propose some basic materials for the revision of rating method. To achieve this goal, 63 field test data were checked and analyzed. The results of this study are as follows ; 1) The 210mm thickness slab has the characteristics of deeper level decrease above 120Hz frequency band than that of 180mm thickness slab's. 2) 27.5% of 180mm thickness slabs were satisfied the floor impact sound insulation performance criteria, whereas 65% of 210mm slabs do. 3) Among the main contribution frequency bands for the determination of single rating index, 63Hz was shown as the most contributive band in 210mm slabs. 4) In comparison of single rating index between bang machine test and ball test. there is a big difference between the two and this phenomenon is frequent in 210mm slab results. 5) Rating Methods for the analysis of cross-correlation between the amount of rating, the usefulness of the arithmetic mean could be secured.